Texte de présentation sur les concepts muséologiques dans leurs rapports avec les systèmes muséologiques actuels responsables de bouleversements: une double hystérie ?

Les concepts, les notions, les langages qui en découlent, sont intimement lies aux systèmes et aux contextes qui alimentent la forme et la vie du musée. Depuis que la question se pose, où va la muséologie qui a emprunté la voie du changement dans les années 70, 80 et 90, une réflexion sur les principaux vecteurs de transformation de l’institution dex fois séculaire s’impose. Bien que la plupart des musées et de ses dérivatifs (60%) possédant une crédibilité dans le monde occidental , malgré les réformes de modernisation introduites ( attention aux publics, presentation améliorée ) demeurent attachés à la tradition qui en determine l’image, on peut affirmer, sans se tromper, qu’un pan considerable de la muséologie de la période post-moderne (20% en terme de volume d’activité ) est à peine reconnaissable, si on se réfère à la periode antérieure à la deuxième moitié du 20ème siècle. Le concept de MUSEE, dans deux champs antagonistes ou complémentaires, selon l’angle d’analyse, soit la muséologie entrée de plein pied dans les industries culturelles de l ‘ère des communications, et la muséologie (ou l’anti-musée) ayant adopté le parti-pris de l’intervention sociale, véhicules de systèmes idéologiques et organisationnels rompant radicalement avec un passé recent, se partageant entre la mondialisation globalisante et les aspirations du mouvement alter-mondialiste puissant dans la tradition associative. Tributaires d’une part des luttes libératrices (60/70), de la contestation des valeurs, d’autre part des technologies (80/90), de la globalisation (90. ), ces musólogies ( systéme binaire ) prennent la vedette à l’aide de changements irréversibles dans l’ordre des functions du musée.

Mathematical and electrical analysis of pulsed tones

This paper discusses a study conducted to perform a mathematical analysis and an electrical analysis of pulsed tones to determine which type of pulsed tone is most suitable.

Recommendations for a mathematical curriculum to be used in conjunction with an oral deaf education program

Students who are deaf or hard of hearing have typically had difficulty in mathematics; however, this problem often is overlooked because of difficulties in language and reading abilities. This study aims to identify the most appropriate mathematics curriculum for deaf or hard of hearing students in an oral deaf education program.

A survey on the concepts used in the hearing aid selection process for hearing-impaired adults

This paper is a review of current practices in 1976 among audiologists and hearing aid dealers in fitting of hearing aids for adults.

The Totalizing and Silencing Features of Meta‐Narratives and Master Concepts

This paper is organized in the following way. First I deal with Hardt’s and Negri’s Empire; the second section of the paper focuses on Beck´s World Risk Society; the third main section of this paper tackles the functional differentiation argument posed by Buzan and Albert. By way of conclusion, the final section of this paper briefly discusses alternatives to grand-narratives and master concepts.

The counter-propagating Rossby-wave perspective on baroclinic instability. I: Mathematical basis

It is shown that Bretherton's view of baroclinic instability as the interaction of two counter-propagating Rossby waves (CRWs) can be extended to a general zonal flow and to a general dynamical system based on material conservation of potential vorticity (PV). The two CRWs have zero tilt with both altitude and latitude and are constructed from a pair of growing and decaying normal modes. One CRW has generally large amplitude in regions of positive meridional PV gradient and propagates westwards relative to the flow in such regions. Conversely, the other CRW has large amplitude in regions of negative PV gradient and propagates eastward relative to the zonal flow there. Two methods of construction are described. In the first, more heuristic, method a ‘home-base’ is chosen for each CRW and the other CRW is defined to have zero PV there. Consideration of the PV equation at the two home-bases gives ‘CRW equations’ quantifying the evolution of the amplitudes and phases of both CRWs. They involve only three coefficients describing the mutual interaction of the waves and their self-propagation speeds. These coefficients relate to PV anomalies formed by meridional fluid displacements and the wind induced by these anomalies at the home-bases. In the second method, the CRWs are defined by orthogonality constraints with respect to wave activity and energy growth, avoiding the subjective choice of home-bases. Using these constraints, the same form of CRW equations are obtained from global integrals of the PV equation, but the three coefficients are global integrals that are not so readily described by ‘PV-thinking’ arguments. Each CRW could not continue to exist alone, but together they can describe the time development of any flow whose initial conditions can be described by the pair of growing and decaying normal modes, including the possibility of a super-modal growth rate for a short period. A phase-locking configuration (and normal-mode growth) is possible only if the PV gradient takes opposite signs and the mean zonal wind and the PV gradient are positively correlated in the two distinct regions where the wave activity of each CRW is concentrated. These are easily interpreted local versions of the integral conditions for instability given by Charney and Stern and by Fjørtoft.

Over-parameterised, uncertain 'mathematical marionettes' - How can we best use catchment water quality models? An example of an 80-year catchment-scale nutrient balance

The Integrated Catchment Model of Nitrogen (INCA-N) was applied to the River Lambourn, a Chalk river-system in southern England. The model's abilities to simulate the long-term trend and seasonal patterns in observed stream water nitrate concentrations from 1920 to 2003 were tested. This is the first time a semi-distributed, daily time-step model has been applied to simulate such a long time period and then used to calculate detailed catchment nutrient budgets which span the conversion of pasture to arable during the late 1930s and 1940s. Thus, this work goes beyond source apportionment and looks to demonstrate how such simulations can be used to assess the state of the catchment and develop an understanding of system behaviour. The mass-balance results from 1921, 1922, 1991, 2001 and 2002 are presented and those for 1991 are compared to other modelled and literature values of loads associated with nitrogen soil processes and export. The variations highlighted the problem of comparing modelled fluxes with point measurements but proved useful for identifying the most poorly understood inputs and processes thereby providing an assessment of input data and model structural uncertainty. The modelled terrestrial and instream mass-balances also highlight the importance of the hydrological conditions in pollutant transport. Between 1922 and 2002, increased inputs of nitrogen from fertiliser, livestock and deposition have altered the nitrogen balance with a shift from possible reduction in soil fertility but little environmental impact in 1922, to a situation of nitrogen accumulation in the soil, groundwater and instream biota in 2002. In 1922 and 2002 it was estimated that approximately 2 and 18 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) respectively were exported from the land to the stream. The utility of the approach and further considerations for the best use of models are discussed. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.