Avaliação de método digital para análise do índice funcional do ciático em ratos

This work aimed to study the reproduction and description of technique for digital sampling images during rats gait and determination of the sciatic functional index (SFI), through a glass walkway to obtain shoots with a digital camera. After controlled injury by strangulation of sciatic nerve, with 3mm of length, during 30 seconds, using hemostatic forceps, a group of 32 rats was performed 24 hours before the lesion which served as control and 24 hours, 7, 14 and 21 days after injury. The tests consisted in the filming and shooting each animal in order to observe the view from below (by a mirror to 45 degrees) and subsequently analyzed using the IMAGE-J program. Measures were taken from the lengths of the legs (right and left), and the distance between the ankle. In the analysis of IFC, values close to zero (0) suggest that the function of the sciatic nerve is still preserved and values coming from "less one hundred" (-100) indicate total loss of function. It was verified in this study that 24 hours before surgery the average SFI was -7.07 +/- 7.88 and 24 hours after injury these values rose to an average of -77.95 +/- 13.81, being about 10 times larger, where 78% of the animals showed 60 to 100% of functional loss in motor activity, demonstrated by the gradual recovery over the days analyzed, confirming the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed methodology. These results suggest that studies can be conducted to simplify and reduce costs using the technique for digital images of footprints during rats gait in the laboratory.

Desempenho de sementes de soja submetidas a diferentes potenciais osmóticos em polietilenoglicol

Com o objetivo de determinar o potencial fisiológico e o desempenho germinativo de sementes de soja, dois lotes foram avaliados pelos testes de germinação, de frio, de envelhecimento acelerado, de condutividade elétrica e de germinação sob estresse osmótico, nos potenciais 0,0 (controle); -0,1; -0,2; -0,3; -0,4; -0,5; -0,6 e -0,7MPa. Utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado e quatro repetições de 50 sementes, exceto para a condutividade elétrica, com duas repetições de 50 sementes. Adicionalmente, a germinação sob estresse osmótico foi submetida à análise de regressão. O estresse osmótico em polietilenoglicol, em potencial igual ou inferior a -0,6MPa, é um procedimento promissor para a avaliação do potencial fisiológico de sementes de soja; valores decrescentes de potencial osmótico reduzem a germinação, enquanto potenciais próximos a zero podem provocar o envigoramento das sementes.

Influência da variabilidade espacial de atributos químicos de um latossolo na aplicação de insumos para cultura de cana-de-acúcar

As técnicas de aplicação localizada e em taxas variadas de insumos agrícolas com auxílio da geoestatística têm sido umas das áreas de concentração de esforços recentes em pesquisas e desenvolvimento ligado à agricultura de precisão. Portanto, o trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a necessidade de aplicação de calcário e fósforo com base no comportamento espacial de atributos químicos do solo. Foram feitas amostragens do solo a intervalos regulares de 50 m, em uma área de 42 ha, na profundidade de 0,0-0,2 m para determinação do pH, Ca, Mg, P, V% e cálculo da necessidade de calagem e superfosfato triplo. Os dados foram submetidos às análises da estatística descritiva, geoestatística e interpolação por krigagem. O uso da técnica de geoestatística possibilitou uma precisa descrição dos atributos do solo o que permitiu a definição de zonas de manejo, indicando os locais de ocorrência de déficit e excesso. A variabilidade espacial dos atributos químicos do solo, possibilita a recomendação de doses de calcário e fósforo com taxas variadas, proporcionando economia e maior eficiência na aplicação.

Effect of liming on the mineral nutrition and yield of growing guava trees in a typic hapludox soil

High soil acidity influences the availability of mineral nutrients and increases that of toxic aluminium (Al), which has a jeopardizing effect on plant growth. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of soil liming on the development of guava (Psidium guajava L.) plants, on soil chemical characteristics, and on fruit yield. The experiment was carried out at the Bebedouro Citrus Experimental Station, state of São Paulo, Brazil, in a Typic Hapludox soil, from August 1999 to March 2003. The treatments consisted of limestone dose: D0 = zero; D1 = half dose; D2 = total dose; D3 = 1.5 times the dose, and D4 = 2 times the dose to raise the V value to 70%. The doses corresponded to zero, 1.85, 3.71, 5.56, and 7.41tha(-1) applied to the upper soil layer (0-30cm deep) before planting. The results showed that liming caused an improvement in the evaluated soil chemical characteristics up to a depth of 60cm in soil samples both in the line and between lines. The highest fruit yields were obtained when the base saturation reached a value of 55% in the line and 62% between the lines. Foliar levels of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) were 8.8 and 2.5gkg-1, respectively. The highest limestone dose maintained the soil base saturation (at the layer of 0-20cm) in the line close to 55% during at least 40 months after the incorporation of limestone.

A oficina como método de desenvolvimento de projeto do produto aplicado à atividade jangadeira de Ponta Negra Natal-RN

The jangadas (brazilian fishing rafts) are rudimentary artisanal vessels intrinsic to the Northeast of Brazil. The fishery with jangadas is highly representative in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, and source of income for many families in addition to being a strong cultural icon. Is still alive despite the difficulties, bringing the history and customs of the fishermen and their people. However, is in process of extinction due to factors such as the low profitability of the activity, tourism and urbanization. From the understanding of activity involving their context and circumstances, based on identified problems regarding the conditions of use of jangadas as the unpredictability, the risk of accidents, poor working conditions, hygiene and housing, this dissertation aims to: analyzing the design of the jangada on the beach of Ponta Negra and its relationship with the activity in relation to health, safety, productivity and environment, and from such assessments, together with the results achieved during the workshops of the project, proposing a cart to move the raft, adapted to the local fisherman activity studied. To perform analysis of jangadeira activity, we used a methodology based on ergonomic work analysis - AET (WISNER, 1987; GUÈRIN, 2001; VIDAL, 2008, SALDANHA, 2004 and Carvalho, 2005). For data collection were used observational and interaction methods as a conversational action, verbalizations, photographs and video. It is emphasized that the search for solutions appropriate to the jangadeira activity was possible through the collaboration of several people, not just an informational level and understanding during the work activity, but effectively contributing to the making decisions

Influence of data structure on the estimation of the additive genetic direct and maternal covariance for early growth traits in Nellore cattle

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of data structure on estimated genetic parameters and predicted breeding values of direct and maternal genetic effects for weaning weight (WW) and weight gain from birth to weaning (BWG), including or not the genetic covariance between direct and maternal effects. Records of 97,490 Nellore animals born between 1993 and 2006, from the Jacarezinho cattle raising farm, were used. Two different data sets were analyzed: DI_all, which included all available progenies of dams without their own performance; DII_all, which included DI_all + 20% of recorded progenies with maternal phenotypes. Two subsets were obtained from each data set (DI_all and DII_all): DI_1 and DII_1, which included only dams with three or fewer progenies; DI_5 and DII_5, which included only dams with five or more progenies. (Co)variance components and heritabilities were estimated by Bayesian inference through Gibbs sampling using univariate animal models. In general, for the population and traits studied, the proportion of dams with known phenotypic information and the number of progenies per dam influenced direct and maternal heritabilities, as well as the contribution of maternal permanent environmental variance to phenotypic variance. Only small differences were observed in the genetic and environmental parameters when the genetic covariance between direct and maternal effects was set to zero in the data sets studied. Thus, the inclusion or not of the genetic covariance between direct and maternal effects had little effect on the ranking of animals according to their breeding values for WW and BWG. Accurate estimation of genetic correlations between direct and maternal genetic effects depends on the data structure. Thus, this covariance should be set to zero in Nellore data sets in which the proportion of dams with phenotypic information is low, the number of progenies per dam is small, and pedigree relationships are poorly known. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Correlações genéticas entre escores visuais e características de carcaça medidas por ultrassom em bovinos de corte

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar correlações genéticas e fenotípicas entre escores visuais e características de carcaça medidas por ultrassom, para verificar a eficácia desses escores na determinação da musculosidade e na avaliação da carcaça. As características de carcaça medidas por ultrassom foram área de olho de lombo (AOL) e espessura de gordura subcutânea (EG), mensuradas entre a região da 12ª e 13ª costelas, bem como a espessura de gordura subcutânea na garupa (EGP8). As características de estrutura (E), precocidade (P) e musculosidade (M) foram avaliadas por meio de escores visuais. Os componentes de covariância usados para estimar as correlações genéticas e fenotípicas foram obtidos pelo método da máxima verossimilhança restrita, em uma análise multicaracterística. As estimativas de correlações genéticas entre AOL e E, P e M foram 0,54, 0,58 e 0,61, respectivamente, e indicaram que, a longo prazo, a utilização da AOL como critério de seleção poderá produzir animais com maiores escores visuais para essas características. As correlações genéticas estimadas entre as espessuras de gordura (EG e EGP8) e os escores P e M apresentaram comportamento semelhante. Entretanto, as correlações genéticas entre as espessuras de gordura (EG e EGP8) e E foram próximas de zero. As correlações fenotípicas seguiram as mesmas tendências das respectivas correlações genéticas. Essas estimativas indicam que os escores visuais são determinados, em parte, pelos mesmos conjuntos de genes que influenciam a AOL.

Alterações em propriedades de solo adubado com doses de composto orgânico sob cultivo de bananeira

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

ANÁLISE DESCRITIVA QUANTITATIVA da AGUARDENTE DE CANA DURANTE O ENVELHECIMENTO em TONEL DE CARVALHO (Quercus alba L.)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Coerção e ruptura estilísticas na poesia potiguar: a construção do ethos inventivo do poeta Jorge Fernandes

Within the poetic scenario of Rio Grande do Norte the publication of Livro de Poemas de Jorge Fernandes, in 2007, marks, in the imagery of the Potiguar community of poetry readers, producers and critics, the beginning of the social circulation of an inventive ethos associated with the poet Jorge Fernandes de Oliveira (1887-1953). Regarding the event mentioned earlier as a point of reference, this research investigates the construction of such ethos based on the counterpoint between the poet s individual stylistic choices and the stylistic options that prevailed in the lyric production of the Twenties in the 20th Century. The corpus comprises poetic texts (by the poet under discussion and by other poets who were, then, regarded as icons of the poetry of Rio Grande do Norte) and texts representative of local literary criticism (produced both during the Twenties and in other decades of the last century). Support to this analysis is grounded in Mikhail Bakhtin s theory of the utterance (mainly regarding style) and in Dominique Maingueneau s theory of the utterance (mainly regarding ethos). During the course of this investigation, the research has outlined an inventory of the prevailing individual stylistic choices of Jorge Fernandes de Oliveira and the reasons why such choices point out towards the inventive ethos associated with the poet.

Optimal reactive power flow via the modified barrier Lagrangian function approach

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

A Família do tesouro: a monumentalização da família Albuquerque Maranhão e a luta pelo poder no Rio Grande do Norte (1889-1914)

The objective of this study is to discuss the process of building a family monumentalization Albuquerque Maranhão showed that both the traditional historiography of Rio Grande do Norte, represented by Tavares de Lyra, Rocha Pombo e Câmara Cascudo, as reflected in urban areas of Natal. To understand this process, we intend to analyze the production of the aforementioned authors as well as more recent studies, trying to discern or identify an attempt to link them to the family name to the history of Albuquerque Maranhão State, which ended up giving visibility to this group, making it the characters featured in the scenario of local history, investing them with a monumental character. In addition to historical analysis, we observe changes in the urban landscape of the city of Natal in the early twentieth century orchestrated by members of this family, which tied his line to public spaces for a new and modern city. Through this review, we will be able to realize that such practices turned out to be a stage of political disputes between Albuquerque Maranhão and opposition groups who were anxious to remove them both from the center of historical narratives on the Rio Grande do Norte, as well as the political space of the State environment exclusive domain of this group for nearly twenty years

Brazilian Students and Working Capital: An Analysis of Their Decisions When Using Virtual Market Business Games

This study aims to demonstrate that data from business games can be an important resource for improving efficiency and effectiveness of learning. The proposal presented here was developed from preliminary studies of data from Virtual Market games that pointed the possibility of identifying gaps in learning by analyzing the decisions of students. This proposal helps students to refine their learning processes and equips tutors with strategies for teaching and student assessment. The proposal also complements the group discussion and/or debriefing, which are widely used to enhance learning mediated by games. However, from a management perspective the model has the potential to be erroneous and miss opportunities, which cannot be detected because of the dependence on the characteristics of the individual, such as ability to communicate and work together. To illustrate the proposed technique, data sets from two business games were analyzed with the focus on managing working capital and it was found that students had difficulties managing this task. Similar trends were observed in all categories of students in the study-undergraduate, postgraduate and specialization. This discovery led us to the analysis of data for decisions made in the performance of the games, and it was determined that indicators could be developed that were capable of indentifying inconsistencies in the decisions. It was decided to apply some basic concepts of the finance management, such as management of the operational and non-operational expenditures, as well as production management concepts, such as the use of the production capacity. By analyzing the data from the Virtual Market games using the indicator concept, it was possible to detect the lack of domain knowledge of the students. Therefore, these indicators can be used to analyze the decisions of the players and guide them during the game, increasing their effectiveness and efficiency. As these indicators were developed from specific content, they can also be used to develop teaching materials to support learning. Viewed in this light, the proposal adds new possibilities for using business games in learning. In addition to the intrinsic learning that is achieved through playing the games, they also assist in driving the learning process. This study considers the applications and the methodology used.

Analysis of the Coupled Stretching-Bending Problem of Stiffened Plates by a BEM Formulation Based on Reissner's Hypothesis

In this work, the plate bending formulation of the boundary element method - BEM, based on the Reissner's hypothesis, is extended to the analysis of plates reinforced by beams taking into account the membrane effects. The formulation is derived by assuming a zoned body where each sub-region defines a beam or a slab and all of them are represented by a chosen reference surface. Equilibrium and compatibility conditions are automatically imposed by the integral equations, which treat this composed structure as a single body. In order to reduce the number of degrees of freedom, the problem values defined on the interfaces are written in terms of their values on the beam axis. Initially are derived separated equations for the bending and stretching problems, but in the final system of equations the two problems are coupled and can not be treated separately. Finally are presented some numerical examples whose analytical results are known to show the accuracy of the proposed model.

Faz-de-conta que eu brinco : o comparecimento da brincadeira na educação infantil da rede pública de Vitória da Conquista-Bahia

This research aimed to understand the place that the child s play in the childish education of Vitoria da Conquista s public system. We understand the childish education institution like a space that should respect the child as a person in a peculiar condition of development. We adopted the social-historical approach understood from Vygotsky and Leontiev, with the social theory of construction of knowledge and its dialogue with authors like Piaget e Brougère. The child s play was seen like result of social relations with great influence in the childish development. The research was accomplished in 04 public day care centers, amongst 18 existent ones in the city. While subjects of investigation participated 09 educators that works with children with ages between 03 and 04 years old and the children of their respective class-room. The procedures used were the participative observation and the interview with the educators, as a procedure of composition of research corpus, focusing the child s play activity, particularly in the way that it is expressed in the childish education. From of corpus constitution we used the thematic content analysis. We clustered the appearance of child s play in the childish education in three thematic nucleuses to detailed analysis: 1. mediated by the educator; 2. proposed by the educator; and 3. started by the children. The results show that, despite of the limitations that configure the day care centers routine, the child s play appears in the childish education. We hope, through the comprehension of the place occupied by the child s play in the childish education, contributes to the execution of the public politics, above all in the educational scope, to children with ages between zero and six years old, fomenting the discussion of the educator practice, its limitations and possibilities