Lewis acid assisted ring-closing metathesis of chiral diallylamines: An efficient approach to enantiopure pyrrolidine derivatives

Lewis acid assisted ring-closing olefin metathesis (RCM) of chiral diallylamines, using the second generation RCM ruthenium-based catalyst, leads to enantiopure pyrrolidine derivatives in 79-93% yields under very mild conditions. The scope of the olefin metathesis has been expanded.

Complete hydrodechlorination of chlorobenzene and its derivatives over supported nickel catalysts under liquid phase conditions

Liquid phase hydrodechlorination of chlorobenzene was studied over Ni/active carbon (Ni/AC), Ni/gamma-Al2O3, Ni/SiO2 and Raney Ni. The complete hydrodechlorination of chlorobenzene was realized at 333-343 K on Ni/AC under hydrogen atmosphere of 1.0 MPa in the presence of alkaline hydroxide. Aryl halides, three chlorotoluenes (o-, m- and p-), three chloroanilines, three chlorobenzotrifluorides, three dichlorobenzenes and two trichlorobenzenes (1,2,3- and 1,2,4-) were also completely hydrodechlorinated under the similar conditions. Chlorobenzene derivatives having either an electron-donating group or an electron-withdrawing group decreased their reactivities with respect to the unsubstituted chlorobenzene.

Anticancer and antiangiogenic activity of surfactant-free nanoparticles based on self-assembled polymeric derivatives of vitamin e: Structure-activity relationship

α-Tocopheryl succinate (α-TOS) is a well-known mitochondrially targeted anticancer compound, however, it is highly hydrophobic and toxic. In order to improve its activity and reduce its toxicity, new surfactant-free biologically active nanoparticles (NP) were synthesized. A methacrylic derivative of α-TOS (MTOS) was prepared and incorporated in amphiphilic pseudoblock copolymers when copolymerized with N-vinylpyrrolidone (VP) by free radical polymerization (poly(VP-co-MTOS)). The selected poly(VP-co-MTOS) copolymers formed surfactant-free NP by nanoprecipitation with sizes between 96 and 220 nm and narrow size distribution, and the in vitro biological activity was tested. In order to understand the structure-activity relationship three other methacrylic monomers were synthesized and characterized: MVE did not have the succinate group, SPHY did not have the chromanol ring, and MPHY did not have both the succinate group and the chromanol ring.

Ignorance is no Defence but is Inaccessibility? On the Accessibility of National Laws to Foreign Online Publishers

Kohl, U. (2005). Ignorance is no Defence but is Inaccessibility? On the Accessibility of National Laws to Foreign Online Publishers. Information & Communities Technology Law, 14 (1), 25-41. RAE2008 Information & Communications Technology Law Volume 14, Issue 1, 2005 Special Issue: GATED COMMUNITIES

Ethics and Foreign Policy: The Antinomies of New Labour's 'Third Way' in Sub-Saharan Africa

Abrahamsen, Rita, Williams, Paul, 'Ethics and Foreign Policy: The Antinomies of New Labour's 'Third Way' in Sub-Saharan Africa', Political Studies (2002) 49(2) pp.249-264 RAE2008

Health, security and foreign policy

McInnes, C., Lee, K. (2006). Health, security and foreign policy. Review of International Studies, 32 (1), 5-23. RAE2008

US Foreign Sales Corporations, Export Tax Credits and the WTO

Rhodes, Mark. 'US Foreign Sales Corporations, Export Tax Credits and the WTO', in: 'The WTO and the Regulation of International Trade: Recent Trade Disputes between the European Union and the United States', (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2005), pp.177-189 RAE2008

The Iranian Foreign Policy in the Persian Gulf Region under the Rule of President Hassan Rouhani: Continuity of Change

Although Iran borders with many states and has direct access to the Caspian Sea as well as the Indian Ocean, the Persian Gulf region seems to be the most vital area to its security and prosperity. Yet since the 70’s Iran’s relations with the Arab states in the region have been rather strained and complex. The main reason for that had been the success of the Islamic revolution in 1979 which later resulted in a new dimension of Sunni-Shia rivalry. Moreover, post-revolutionary Iranian authorities also intended to maintain the regional hegemony from the Imperial State of Iran period. As a result, successive Iranian governments competed for hegemony in the Persian Gulf with the littoral Arab states which consolidated their regional positions due to close links and intensive cooperation with the West especially with the United States. Despite some political and economic initiatives which were undertaken by President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, this rivalry was also evident between 2005–2013. The main aim of this article is to find out whether Iranian foreign policy towards the Arab states in the Persian Gulf region has undergone any significant changes since Hassan Rouhani became the President of the Islamic Republic of Iran in August 2013. According to Mohammad Reza Deshiri, the Iranian foreign policy after 1979 can be divided into so-called waves of idealism and realism. During dominance of idealism values and spirituality are more important than pragmatism while during the realistic waves political as well as economic interests prevail over spirituality. Iranian idealism is connected with export of revolutionary ideas, Shia dominance as well as the restoration of unity among all muslims (ummah). On this basis both presidential terms of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad can be classified as ‘waves of idealism’, albeit some of his ideas were very pragmatic. The question is if Hassan Rouhani’s foreign policy represents a continuity or a change. Is the current Iran’s foreign policy towards the Persian Gulf region idealistic or rather realistic? The main assumption is that there will be no Arab-Iranian rapprochement in the Persian Gulf without a prior normalization of political relations between Iran and the West especially the United States.

Davis, soldier missionary : a biography of Rev. Jerome D. Davis, D.D., Lieut-Colonel of volunteers and for thirty-nine years a missionary of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in Japan

http://www.archive.org/details/davissoldiermiss00davirich

Memorial volume of the first fifty years of the American board of commissioners for foreign missions.

http://www.archive.org/details/memorialvolumeof00andeuoft

Christian missions and social progress : a sociological study of foreign missions (vol. 1)

http://www.archive.org/details/socialprogress00dennuoft/

Constitution, laws and regulations of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions.

http://www.archive.org/details/constitutionlaws00ameriala

The Call, qualifications and preparation of candidates for foreign missionary service : papers / by missionaries and other authorities.

http://www.archive.org/details/callqualificatio00studuoft

Theory and practice of foreign missions.

http://www.archive.org/details/theoryandpractic011935mbp

World-wide evangelization the urgent business of the church; addresses delivered before the fourth international convention of the Student volunteer movement for foreign missions, Toronto, Canada, February 26-March 2, 1902.

http://www.archive.org/details/worldwideevangel00unknuoft