Transnational banks, external debt and Perú: results of a recent study

Includes bibliography

The real cost of the external debt for the creditor and for the debtor

Includes bibliography

The external debt and the financial problems of Latin America

Se refiere a las magnitudes envueltas en los problemas financieros de America Latina, al aumento de la deuda externa latinoamericana, y las razones y consecuencias de ese aumento. Plantea las soluciones de emergencia y de mediano plazo, tanto a nivel nacional como internacional, y las perspectivas para el futuro cercano.

The international scene and Latin America's external debt

Includes bibliography

Foreign policy and international financial negotiations: the external debt and the Cartagena Consensus

Includes bibliography

External debt: why don't our governments do the obvious?

Examina el proceso de la renegociacion de la deuda externa y la necesidad de instaurar una logica mas compatible con los intereses de los paises latinoamericanos. Expone como condicion necesaria para lograrlo, la capacidad de los liderazgos politicos para presentar a sus pueblos las verdaderas opciones, asi como los costos y riesgos de cada una de ellas.

External debt and crisis: the decline of the orthodox procedures

Includes bibliography

The external debt of the Latin American countries

También en: Comercio Exterior, México, DF, v. 36, No 5, p. 382, mayo 1986 (78609); y en: U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs: The costs of foreign debt for the United States and the Third World, Washington, DC

External debt and the reform of the international monetary system

Includes bibliography

Stress distribution in implant-supported prosthesis with external and internal implant-abutment connections

Objective. This study aimed to investigate the stress distribution in screwed implant-supported prostheses with different implant-abutment connections by using a photoelastic analysis. Materials and methods. Four photoelastic models were fabricated in PL-2 resin and divided according to the implant-abutment connection (external hexagon (EH) and Morse taper (MT) implants (3.75 × 11.5 mm)) and the number crowns (single and 3-unit piece). Models were positioned in a circular polariscope and 100-N axial and oblique (45) loading were applied in the occlusal surface of the crowns by using a universal testing machine. The stresses were photographically recorded and qualitatively analyzed using software (Adobe Photoshop). Results. Under axial loading, the MT implants exhibited a lower number of fringes for single-unit crowns than EH implants, whereas for a 3-unit piece the MT implants showed a higher number of fringes vs EH implants. The oblique loading increased the number of fringes for all groups. Conclusion. In conclusion, the MT implant-abutment connection reduced the amount of stress in single-unit crowns, for 3-unit piece crowns the amount of stress was lower using an external hexagon connection. The stress pattern was similar for all groups. Oblique loading promoted a higher stress concentration than axial loading. © Informa Healthcare.

Analysis of primary stability of dental implants inserted in different substrates using the pullout test and insertion torque

The aim of the study was to evaluate mechanical behavior of implants inserted in three substrates, by measuring the pullout strength and the relative stiffness. 32 implants (Master Porous-Conexao, cylindrical, external hexagon, and surface treatment) were divided into 4 groups (n = 8): pig rib bone, polyurethane Synbone, polyurethane Nacional 40 PCF, and pinus wood. Implants were installed with the exact distance of 5 mm of another implant. The insertion torque (N·cm) was quantified using the digital Kratos torque meter and the pullout test (N) was performed by an axial traction force toward the long axis of the implant (2 min/mm) through mount implant devices attached to a piece adapted to a load cell of 200 Kg of a universal testing machine (Emic DL10000). Data of insertion torque and maximum pullout force were submitted to one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni tests (α = 0.05). Polyurethane Nacional 40 PCF and pinus wood showed the highest values of insertion torque and pullout force, with significant statistical difference (P < 0.05) with other groups. The analysis showed stiffness materials with the highest values for primary stability. © 2013 Nathalia Ferraz Oliscovicz et al.

Desarrollo económico y social y las relaciones externas de América Latina = Economic and social development and external relations of Latin America

Incluye Bibliografía

Desarrollo económico y social y las relaciones económicas externas de América Latina = Economic and social development and the external economic relations of Latin America

Incluye Bibliografía

External desequilibrium in the economic development of Latin America: the case of Mexico

Includes bibliography

Latin American development and the international economic situation: second regional appraisal of the international development strategy, part 2: the external economic relations of Latin America and the international situation

Incluye Bibliografía