A sermon, preached in Boston, July 23, 1812, the day of the publick fast, appointed by the Executive of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, in consequence of the declaration of war against Great Britain

Published at the request of the hearers Printed by Greenough and Stebbins

Dyad function-based cognitive behavioural therapy as a treatment for obsessive compulsive disorder in two school aged children with high functioning autism

Children with High-Functioning Autism (HF A) are more vulnerable to developing Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) than typically developing children and those with Low-Functioning Autism (Gadow et al., 2005). This study used a multiple baseline design across behaviours (Cooper, Heron, & Heward, 2007) to investigate if a two phase function-based Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) would decrease obsessive compulsive behaviours (OCBs) in two children ages 7 and 9 who met criteria for OCD and HF A. This multimodal treatment package consisted of treatment enhancements to meet the children's cognitive, linguistic, and social challenges associated with their HF A diagnosis, as well as a manual and accompanied children's workbook (Vause, Neil, & Feldman, in progress). In line with previous research conducted on CBT as a treatment for OCD in this population (e.g., Wood et at, 2009), the children in this study experienced clinically significant decreases in their OCBs as a result of receiving the CBT protocol.

Youth Involvement in Organizational Decision Making: The Connection to Youth Initiative and Organizational Functioning

Studying positive adolescent development requires an examination of the mutually beneficial associations between youth and their environment. These youthcontext relations include both the contributions that youth make to others and society and the youth-context interactions that might predict positive youth outcomes. Community and youth-serving organizations, where youth may be involved in decision-making roles such as service delivery, advocacy, or on boards of directors, can provide one important context for youth contributions and for positive adolescent development. Research on the outcomes of youth involvement in organizational decision-making, however, is limited, and largely consists of exploratory qualitative studies. This dissertation is formatted as an integrated article dissertation. It begins with a review of the literature on contexts of structured youth activities and positive youth development. This review is intended to describe theory on development-context relations, in which development is considered an interactive process that occurs between individuals and their contexts, as it pertains the positive development of youth who are involved in various structured activities (e.g., volunteering). This description follows with a review of current research, and conclusions and rationale for the current studies. Following this theoretical and research background, the dissertation includes reports of two studies that were designed to address gaps in the research on youth involvement in organizational decision-making. The first was a qualitative research synthesis to elucidate and summarize the extant qualitative research on the outcomes of youth involvement in organizational decision making on adults and organizations. Results of this study suggested a number of outcomes for service provision, staff, and broader organizational functioning, including both benefits to organizations as well as some costs. The second study was a quantitative analysis of the associations among youth involvement, organizations' learning culture, and youth initiative, and relied on survey data gathered from adults and youth in community-based organizations with youth involvement. As expected, greater youth involvement in organizational decision making was associated with higher learning culture within the organization. Two dimensions of youth involvement, greater program engagement and relationships with adults, were related to greater youth initiative. A third dimension, sense of ownership, was not- .-.- associated with youth's level of initiative. Moreover, the association between relationships with adults and youth initiative was only significant in organizations with relatively low learning culture. Despite some limitations, these studies contribute to the research literature by providing some indication of the potential benefits and costs of youth involvement and by making an important contribution toward the early stages of context-level analyses of youth development. Findings have important implications for practitioners, funders, future research, and lifespan development theory.

Detectives and Superheroes: A Pilot Study Teaching Flexible Thinking in Social Situations to a Child with High Functioning Autism

Complex social-cognitive deficits are common in individuals diagnosed with high functioning autism and Asperger syndrome. Research on effective and evidence-based social interventions is needed for this population. This study focused specifically on the challenges these individuals face with respect to flexible thinking and related flexible behaviour in social situations. Madrigal and Winner's (2008) Superflex curriculum - targets social flexibility, however at the time of this study no published research had been conducted to determine the effectiveness of this approach. This study was a pilot study, which sought to examine the impact of the Superflex curriculum within a 10-week training program in teaching one individual with high functioning autism how to think and behave flexibly in social situations. Multiple measurement tools were utilized, and analyses within and across the measures revealed inconsistencies, especially with respect to generalization. Although preliminary, this study provided valuable information for subsequent research.

Investigating Changes in Parent Knowledge about Obsessive Compulsive Behaviour Following Group Function-Based Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Children with High Functioning Autism

This study investigated improvements in parent knowledge of effective intervention strategies following participation in a group function-based CBT treatment (GFbCBT) package for children with comorbid OCD and ASD. Nineteen parents of children ages 7-12 years with High Functioning Autism (HFA) participated in the 9-week treatment program. Key components of treatment included psychoeducation and mapping, cognitive-behavioural skills training, function-based interventions and exposure and response prevention (ERP). Treatment sessions also included direct parent education, which followed a behavioural skills training model (Miltenberger, 2008). Parent knowledge (N = 19) was measured pre and post treatment using a vignette about a child demonstrating obsessive-compulsive behaviour. Results of a one-tailed pairwise t-test indicated statistically significant changes (p=.036) in overall parent knowledge following participation in treatment. Statistically significant changes were also found in parents’ ability to generate ERP and function-based intervention strategies. These results provide preliminary evidence that parents benefit from active involvement in the GFbCBT treatment package.

A Longitudinal Examination of Bidirectional Associations between Subjective Sleep Characteristics and Psychosocial Functioning among University Students

A number of studies have found a significant link between sleep and psychosocial functioning among university students. A critical examination of this literature, however, indicates that one important gap within the literature is the need for longitudinal studies that specifically test for bidirectional associations between these two constructs. The main purpose of my dissertation was to address this gap by conducting three studies that examined bidirectional associations between sleep and psychosocial functioning among a sample of university students. Participants were 942 (71.5% female) undergraduate students enrolled at a Canadian university, who completed survey assessments annually for three consecutive years, beginning in their first year of university. In the first study, I assessed bidirectional associations between two sleep characteristics (sleep quality and sleep duration) and three psychosocial functioning variables (academics, friendship quality, and intrapersonal adjustment). Results based on cross-lagged models indicated a significant bidirectional association between sleep quality and intrapersonal adjustment, such that more sleep problems predicted more negative intrapersonal adjustment over time, and vice versa. Unidirectional associations indicated that both higher academic achievement and more positive friendship quality were significant predictors of less sleep problems over time. In the second study, in which I examined bidirectional associations between sleep and media use, results provided support only for unidirectional associations; such that more sleep problems predicted increases in both time spent watching television and time spent engaged in online social networking. In the third study of my dissertation, in which I examined social ties at university and sleep quality, results indicated a significant bidirectional association, such that more positive social ties predicted less sleep problems over time, and vice versa. Importantly, emotion regulation was a significant mediator of this association. Findings across the three studies, highlight the importance of determining the direction of effects between different sleep characteristics and various aspects of university students’ psychosocial functioning, as such findings have important implications for both methodology and practice. A better understanding of the nature of the associations between sleep and psychosocial functioning will equip students, parents and university administrators with the tools necessary to facilitate successful adjustment across the university years.

Effect of executive compensation on firm performance

The paper finds evidence that the equity-based CEO pay is positively related to firm performance and risk-taking. Both stock price and operating performance as well as firm's riskiness increase in the pay-performance sensitivities (PPS) provided by CEO stock options and stock holdings. PPS can explain stock returns better as an additional factor to the Fama-French 3-factor model. When CEOs are compensated with higher PPS, firms experience higher return on asset (ROA). The higher PPS also leads to the higher risk-taking. While CEO incentive compensation has been perceived mixed on its effectiveness, this study provides support to the equity-based CEO compensation in reducing agency conflicts between CEOs and shareholders.

Fit For Action: A Comparative Case Study of the Implementation of an Adaptive Fitness and Conditioning Program for Moderate Functioning Teens and Transition Age Youth with ASD

The purpose of my research was to develop and refine pedagogic approaches, and establish fitness baselines to adapt fitness and conditioning programs for Moderate-functioning ASD individuals. I conducted a seven-week study with two teens and two trainers. The trainers implemented individualized fitness and conditioning programs that I developed. I conducted pre and post fitness baselines for each teen, a pre and post study interview with the trainers, and recorded semi-structured observations during each session. I used multi-level, within-case and across case analyses, working inductively and deductively. My findings indicated that fundamental movement concepts can be used to establish fitness baselines and develop individualized fitness programs. I tracked and evaluated progressions and improvements using conventional measurements applied to unconventional movements. This process contributed to understanding and making relevant modifications to activities as effective pedagogic strategies for my trainers. Further research should investigate fitness and conditioning programs with lower functioning ASD individuals.

Needs of High Functioning Teenagers and Adults with Autism (Tips from a Recovered Autistic)

Some of the topics discussed in the article include: Direct Fixations, Gradual Introduction to a Career, Talent and Deficit Areas, Thinking in Pictures, Reading and Language, Social Problems, Recognize Need for Change, Cognitive Differences, Constant Anxiety, Improvement Takes Time, Family Background and Depression, Sensory Problems, Aggressive and Self-Injurious Behavior.

Copy of a report of a Committee of the Honorable and Executive Council dated May 6, 1859 approved by His Excellency the Governor General in Council

Copy of a report of a Committee of the Honorable and Executive Council dated May 6, 1859 approved by His Excellency the Governor General in Council. This is in regard to charges made by Joshua Manly of Port Colborne against Mr. Woodruff, the superintendent and other persons connected with the Welland Canal. The accusations have been substantiated by the committee. This is accompanied by a petition accusing Mr. Woodruff of gross corruption and jobbery [the practice of using a public office or position of trust for one's own advantage]. This was signed by a number of petitioners on July 2, 1858 (2 pages, handwritten), 1859.

Supporting social-cognitive development in the elementary years: The role of executive function and self-regulation

Every day we make decisions that have repercussions. Sometimes the effects are immediate and intended; other times the effects might be unintended or might not be apparent for years. As parents or educators, part of our role is to support the development of children’s decision-making skills, helping them to develop patterns of adaptive decision-making that will serve them well in their current lives and into the future. Part of successful decision-making involves self-control, a system served by the brain’s executive functions (EF). This involves the ability to put aside immediate reactions and base decisions on a variety of important considerations. Social-cognitive development, the ongoing improvement of the ability to get along with others and to understand others’ emotions, expressions, motivations, and intents, relies, to a large degree, on the same EF systems. The current paper explores the interaction of these two factors (the role of EF in social-cognitive development), explores the research to determine the most effective approaches to improving both factors, and develops a handbook providing activities for educators to use while supporting the growth of both EF and social-cognitive skills. Results of a needs assessment reveal that the majority (59%) of educators surveyed had never used a social skills improvement program in their classrooms, while a full 95% believed that social skills are important or very important for a student’s academic success.

The treaty between the United States and Mexico, the proceedings of the Senate therson, and message of the President and documents communicated therewith : the messages, with correspondence between the executive departament, General Scott and Mr. Trist, and other papers and proceedings of the on Senate in relation thereto, from wich the injuction of secresy has been removed...

UANL

Évaluation de la durée des effets aigus de l'exercice sur la cognition

Objectif: Cette étude visait à évaluer les effets aigus d’une session d’exercice aérobie sur la performance à une tâche sollicitant les fonctions cognitives exécutives et à déterminer la durée de ces effets. Méthode: Quarante-huit participants universitaires ont été divisés en deux groupes expérimentaux et un groupe contrôle. L'intervention expérimentale consistait à 30 minutes d'exercice à une intensité sous-maximale sur tapis roulant. Les deux groupes expérimentaux ont complété la tâche de Stroop soit immédiatement (groupe 1) ou 10 minutes (groupe 2) après la session d’exercice. Le groupe contrôle a complété la même tâche cognitive mais sans pratique d'exercice. Résultats: Les analyses statistiques indiquent qu’il n’y a pas d’effet d’amélioration de la performance cognitive et ce, peu importe le délai d’exécution de la tâche de Stroop suite à l’exercice. Conclusion : Une seule session d’exercice n’a aucun effet sur les fonctions exécutives. Les limites de l’étude sont présentées en relation avec les résultats obtenus. Les implications des résultats sont discutées en terme de retombées pour les recherches futures.

Examen de la mémoire épisodique dans le trouble cognitif léger : effet modérateur des comorbidités vasculaires

Le fardeau vasculaire (présence de maladies vasculaires et/ou cérébrovasculaires) est associé à une augmentation des troubles cognitifs chez les personnes âgées, ainsi qu’à un plus haut risque de démence vasculaire (DV) et de démence de type Alzheimer (DTA). Un nombre restreint de travaux a porté sur l’impact du fardeau vasculaire sur la cognition des personnes avec trouble cognitif léger (TCL). Pourtant, les personnes avec TCL représentent une population d’intérêt puisqu’elles sont à haut risque d’évoluer vers une démence. Cette thèse comprend trois articles de revue qui visent à exposer les connaissances entourant la santé vasculaire et la cognition des personnes âgées et trois articles empiriques (Chapitres 5, 6, 7). La première étude empirique traite de l’impact du fardeau vasculaire sur la cognition des personnes TCL et a comme objectif de spécifier quelles fonctions cognitives sont affectées par le fardeau vasculaire et dans quelle mesure le fardeau vasculaire influence l’hétérogénéité des TCL (Chapitre 5). Dans le cadre de la deuxième étude, nous avons examiné l’intégrité des processus stratégiques et non stratégiques de mémorisation des TCL avec et sans fardeau vasculaire, afin d’évaluer si ces processus diffèrent quantitativement et qualitativement entre ces deux groupes (Chapitre 6). Enfin, dans la troisième étude nous avons évalué les capacités d’association (binding) ainsi que la résistance à l’interférence des personnes TCL, les liens entre ces processus mnésiques et différents marqueurs cérébraux en plus des facteurs permettant de prédire l’évolution vers une démence (Chapitre 7). Les résultats présentés dans cette thèse appuient l’hypothèse selon laquelle le fardeau vasculaire influence le profil cognitif des TCL. Dans un premier temps, nous avons montré que le fardeau vasculaire est associé à une atteinte exécutive plus importante chez les TCL (Chapitre 5). De plus, nos résultats suggèrent que le fardeau vasculaire influence la classification clinique de ces derniers, puisque ceux dont le fardeau est élevé répondent davantage aux critères de TCL amnestique domaine multiple (trouble de mémoire plus au moins un autre déficit cognitif) tandis que ceux sans fardeau répondent davantage aux critères de TCL amnestique domaine unique (trouble isolé de la mémoire). Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons montré des différences dans la nature des processus mnésiques atteints chez les TCL avec et sans fardeau vasculaire (Chapitre 6). Alors que les premiers présentent une atteinte prédominante des processus stratégiques de mémorisation, les seconds présentent une atteinte des processus stratégiques et non stratégiques de mémorisation. Lorsque seuls les résultats des TCL ayant évolué vers une démence sont analysés, le patron d’atteinte est similaire puisque les TCL vasculaires sont quantitativement moins touchés que les TCL non-vasculaires au niveau des processus non-stratégiques de mémorisation. Enfin, tant les TCL qui progressent vers une démence que les TCL qui restent stables après un suivi de trois ans éprouvent tous des difficultés de mémoire associative et sont sensibles à l’interférence proactive (Chapitre 7). De plus, le fardeau vasculaire est associé à la sensibilité à l’interférence alors que le volume hippocampique est associé aux difficultés de mémoire associative. Enfin, nos résultats indiquent que les TCL qui éprouvent des difficultés de mémoire associative sont plus à risque d’évoluer vers une démence que les TCL ne présentant pas ces mêmes difficultés. De façon globale, les résultats de cette thèse révèlent que le fardeau vasculaire joue un rôle important dans l’hétérogénéité des TCL.