561 resultados para enxofre não lábil
Resumo:
2016
Resumo:
After the decline of production from natural energy of the reservoir, the methods of enhanced oil recovery, which methods result from the application of special processes such as chemical injection, miscible gases, thermal and others can be applied. The advanced recovery method with alternating - CO2 injection WAG uses the injection of water and gas, normally miscible that will come in contact with the stock oil. In Brazil with the discovery of pre-salt layer that gas gained prominence. The amount of CO2 present in the oil produced in the pre-salt layer, as well as some reservoirs is one of the challenges to be overcome in relation to sustainable production once this gas needs to be processed in some way. Many targets for CO2 are proposed by researchers to describe some alternatives to the use of CO2 gas produced such as enhanced recovery, storage depleted fields, salt caverns storage and marketing of CO2 even in plants. The largest oil discoveries in Brazil have recently been made by Petrobras in the pre -salt layer located between the states of Santa Catarina and Espírito Santo, where he met large volumes of light oil with a density of approximately 28 ° API, low acidity and low sulfur content. This oil that has a large amount of dissolved CO2 and thus a pioneering solution for the fate of this gas comes with an advanced recovery. The objective of this research is to analyze which parameters had the greatest influence on the enhanced recovery process. The simulations were performed using the "GEM" module of the Computer Modelling Group, with the aim of studying the advanced recovery method in question. For this work, semi - synthetic models were used with reservoir and fluid data that can be extrapolated to practical situations in the Brazilian Northeast. The results showed the influence of the alternating injection of water and gas on the recovery factor and flow rate of oil production process, when compared to primary recovery and continuous water injection or continuous gas injection
Resumo:
Aiming to reduce and reuse waste oil from oily sludge generated in large volumes by the oil industry, types of nanostructured materials Al-MCM-41 and Al-SBA-15, with ratios of Si / Al = 50, were synthesized , and calcined solids used as catalysts in the degradation of oily sludge thermocatalytic oil from oilfield Canto do Amaro, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. Samples of nanostructured materials were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TG / DTG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), absorption spectroscopy in the infrared Fourier transform (FT-IR) and adsorption nitrogen (BET). The characterization showed that the synthesized materials resulted in a catalyst nanostructure, and ordered pore diameter and surface area according to existing literature. The oily sludge sample was characterized by determining the API gravity and sulfur content and SARA analysis (saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes). The results showed a material equivalent to the average oil with API gravity of 26.1, a low sulfur content and considerable amount of resins and asphaltenes, presented above in the literature. The thermal and catalytic degradation of the oily sludge oil was performed from room temperature to 870 ° C in the ratios of heating of 5, 10 and 20 ° C min-1. The curves generated by TG / DTG showed a more accelerated degradation of oily sludge when it introduced the nanostructured materials. These results were confirmed by activation energy calculated by the method of Flynn-Wall, in the presence of catalysts reduced energy, in particular in the range of cracking, showing the process efficiency, mainly for extraction of lightweight materials of composition of oily sludge, such as diesel and gasoline
Resumo:
O trabalho objetivou avaliar o estado nutricional dos pomares de laranjeira Pêra no Nordeste Paraense, onde foram selecionados 74 pomares em produção, com padrão tecnológico diferenciado. A amostragem foi realizada em janeiro e fevereiro de 1996, fevereiro de 1997 e fevereiro de 1998. Consistiu em coletar quatro folhas por planta, retirando-se a 3a ou 4a folha a partir do fruto de 20 plantas em cada pomar. Foram feitas análises químicas para determinar a concentração de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn. Os resultados indicaram que em cerca de 50% dos pomares, os teores de N, P, K e Mg apresentaram-se em níveis foliares considerados adequados. Constatou-se, também, que os teores foliares de cálcio apresentaram-se em níveis baixos, indicando a necessidade de uma reposição, através da aplicação de calcário. Foram observados também níveis baixos de enxofre, indicando a necessidade de aplicação do mesmo via solo e foliar. Quanto aos micronutrientes, na maioria dos pomares levantados verificaram-se baixos teores de Mn e Zn e adequados para B, Cu e Fe.
Resumo:
Entre julho de 1991 e junho de 1992 foram realizados no laboratorio de Entomologia do CNPDA, testes de seletividade dos produtos Malation, Triclorfon, Mancozeb, Cardaril, Deltametrina, Enxofre, Permetrina, Oxicloreto de cobre, Bacillus thuringiensis, Pirimicarbe, Carbamoil e Benomil aos ácaros predadores fitoseídeos Phytoseiulus macropilis (Banks) e Amblyseius idaeus (Demark & Muma). Estes testes foram realizados utilizando-se o método de imersão de laminas. Em cada lamina foram fixados 20 ácaros predadores sobre fita adesiva com dupla face. Com cada produto foram preparadas soluções com diferentes concentrações: x (dose recomendada); 0,0 x (testemunha, H2O destilada); 0,01x; 0,1x; 10x e 100x. As lâminas foram mergulhadas durante 5 segundos nas soluções e as leituras realizadas 5 e 24 horas após. O produto que apresentou maior toxicidade a P. macropilis foi o piretroide Permetrina, que causou mortalidade de 100% dos predadores, em todas as doses, 24 horas após o tratamento. O produto que apresentou menor toxicidade foi o enxofre. O produto de maior toxicidade a A. idaeus foi o piretróide Deltametrina que provocou mortalidade de 100% em todas as doses, 5 horas após o tratamento. O produto que causou menor toxicidade a esse predador foi também o enxofre. Os resultados obtidos neste ensaio indicam que aplicações de piretróides não são recomendáveis no manejo integrado do ácaro rajado com uso daqueles fitoseídeos.
Resumo:
2016