Comparação de métodos e processos de amostragem para estimar a área basal para grupos de espécies em uma floresta ecotonal da região norte matogrossense

O objetivo do presente estudo foi o de comparar a acuracidade e a precisão das estimativas de área basal obtidas de processos, intensidades e métodos amostrais com valores obtidos pelo censo, numa floresta ecotonal de 120 hectares na região norte matogrossense, para oito grupos de espécies e para espécies individuais para árvores com DAP ≥ 30 centímetros. Aplicaram-se os processos: aleatório e o sistemático, com uma intensidade amostral de 5 e 10% para 22 tamanhos e formas de parcelas variando de 400 m² a 10000 m². A área basal média por hectare foi de 11,08 m². As parcelas de 2500 m² (125 m x 20 m) apresentaram erros reais e de amostragem sempre inferiores a 10% na estimativa de área basal para os grupos de todas as espécies e para as 15 de maiores valores de importância (VI). Para os demais grupos os erros aumentam na medida em que decresce a quantidade de árvores por hectare. Para as espécies, individualmente, os erros variaram de 28,7% (Vochysia sp.) a 250,59 (Hymenaeae courbaril), respectivamente, para a mais e a menos freqüente, mostrando inviabilidade na aplicação de processos estimativos tradicionalmente empregados nos inventários florestais, notadamente para estimar parâmetros específicos de espécies raras (baixa freqüência por hectare).

Search for production of vector-like quark pairs and of four top quarks in the lepton-plus-jets final state in pp collisions at root 8=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for pair production of vector-like quarks, both up-type (T) and down-type (B), as well as for four-top-quark production, is presented. The search is based on pp collisions at s√=8 TeV recorded in 2012 with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb−1. Data are analysed in the lepton-plus-jets final state, characterised by an isolated electron or muon with high transverse momentum, large missing transverse momentum and multiple jets. Dedicated analyses are performed targeting three cases: a T quark with significant branching ratio to a W boson and a b-quark (TT¯→Wb+X), and both a T quark and a B quark with significant branching ratio to a Higgs boson and a third-generation quark (TT¯→Ht+X and BB¯→Hb+X respectively). No significant excess of events above the Standard Model expectation is observed, and 95% CL lower limits are derived on the masses of the vector-like T and B quarks under several branching ratio hypotheses assuming contributions from T→Wb, Zt, Ht and B→Wt, Zb, Hb decays. The 95% CL observed lower limits on the T quark mass range between 715 GeV and 950 GeV for all possible values of the branching ratios into the three decay modes, and are the most stringent constraints to date. Additionally, the most restrictive upper bounds on four-top-quark production are set in a number of new physics scenarios.

Global vs. local nonlinear optimization techniques for human-like movement of an anthropomorphic robot

In this paper a comparison between using global and local optimization techniques for solving the problem of generating human-like arm and hand movements for an anthropomorphic dual arm robot is made. Although the objective function involved in each optimization problem is convex, there is no evidence that the admissible regions of these problems are convex sets. For the sequence of movements for which the numerical tests were done there were no significant differences between the optimal solutions obtained using the global and the local techniques. This suggests that the optimal solution obtained using the local solver is indeed a global solution.

Nonlinear optimization for human-like synchronous movements of a dual arm-hand robotic system

In previous work we have presented a model capable of generating human-like movements for a dual arm-hand robot involved in human-robot cooperative tasks. However, the focus was on the generation of reach-to-grasp and reach-to-regrasp bimanual movements and no synchrony in timing was taken into account. In this paper we extend the previous model in order to accomplish bimanual manipulation tasks by synchronously moving both arms and hands of an anthropomorphic robotic system. Specifically, the new extended model has been designed for two different tasks with different degrees of difficulty. Numerical results were obtained by the implementation of the IPOPT solver embedded in our MATLAB simulator.

Towards human-like bimanual movements in anthropomorphic robots: a nonlinear optimization approach

Previously we have presented a model for generating human-like arm and hand movements on an unimanual anthropomorphic robot involved in human-robot collaboration tasks. The present paper aims to extend our model in order to address the generation of human-like bimanual movement sequences which are challenged by scenarios cluttered with obstacles. Movement planning involves large scale nonlinear constrained optimization problems which are solved using the IPOPT solver. Simulation studies show that the model generates feasible and realistic hand trajectories for action sequences involving the two hands. The computational costs involved in the planning allow for real-time human robot-interaction. A qualitative analysis reveals that the movements of the robot exhibit basic characteristics of human movements.

A new competitive implementation of the electromagnetism-like algorithm for global optimization

The Electromagnetism-like (EM) algorithm is a population- based stochastic global optimization algorithm that uses an attraction- repulsion mechanism to move sample points towards the optimal. In this paper, an implementation of the EM algorithm in the Matlab en- vironment as a useful function for practitioners and for those who want to experiment a new global optimization solver is proposed. A set of benchmark problems are solved in order to evaluate the performance of the implemented method when compared with other stochastic methods available in the Matlab environment. The results con rm that our imple- mentation is a competitive alternative both in term of numerical results and performance. Finally, a case study based on a parameter estimation problem of a biology system shows that the EM implementation could be applied with promising results in the control optimization area.

Litterfall production in intact and selectively logged forests in southern of Amazonia as a function of basal area of vegetation and plant density

Nutrient recycling in the forest is linked to the production and decomposition of litter, which are essential processes for forest maintenance, especially in regions of nutritionally poor soils. Human interventions in forest such as selecttive logging may have strong impacts on these processes. The objectives of this study were to estimate litterfall production and evaluate the influence of environmental factors (basal area of vegetation, plant density, canopy cover, and soil physicochemical properties) and anthropogenic factors (post-management age and exploited basal area) on this production, in areas of intact and exploited forest in southern Amazonia, located in the northern parts of Mato Grosso state. This study was conducted at five locations and the average annual production of litterfall was 10.6 Mg ha-1 year-1, higher than the values for the Amazon rainforest. There were differences in litterfall productions between study locations. Effects of historical logging intensity on litterfall production were not significant. Effects of basal area of vegetation and tree density on litterfall production were observed, highlighting the importance of local vegetation characteristics in litterfall production. This study demonstrated areas of transition between the Amazonia-Cerrado tend to have a higher litterfall production than Cerrado and Amazonia regions, and this information is important for a better understanding of the dynamics of nutrient and carbon cycling in these transition regions.

Exploring the properties of genetically engineered silk-elastin-like protein films

Free standing films of a genetically engineered silk-elastin-like protein (SELP) were prepared using water and formic acid as solvents. Exposure to methanol-saturated air promoted the formation of aggregated β-strands rendering aqueous insolubility and improved the mechanical properties leading to a 10-fold increase in strain-to-failure. The films were optically clear with resistivity values similar to natural rubber and thermally stable up to 180 °C. Addition of glycerol showed to enhance the flexibility of SELP/glycerol films by interacting with SELP molecules through hydrogen bonding, interpenetrating between the polymer chains and granting more conformational freedom. This detailed characterization provides cues for future and unique applications using SELP based biopolymers.

Development of elastin-like recombinamer films with antimicrobial activity

In the present work we explored the ABP-CM4 peptide properties from Bombyx mori for the creation of biopolymers with broad antimicrobial activity. An antimicrobial recombinant protein-based polymer (rPBP) was designed by cloning the DNA sequence coding for ABP-CM4 in frame with the N-terminus of the elastin-like recombinamer consisting of 200 repetitions of the pentamer VPAVG, here named A200. The new rPBP, named CM4-A200, was purified via a simplified nonchromatographic method, making use of the thermoresponsive behavior of the A200 polymer. ABP-CM4 peptide was also purified through the incorporation of a formic acid cleavage site between the peptide and the A200 sequence. In soluble state the antimicrobial activity of both CM4-A200 polymer and ABP-CM4 peptide was poorly effective. However, when the CM4-A200 polymer was processed into free-standing films high antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi was observed. The antimicrobial activity of CM4-A200 was dependent on the physical contact of cells with the film surface. Furthermore, CM4-A200 films did not reveal a cytotoxic effect against both normal human skin fibroblasts and human keratinocytes. Finally, we have developed an optimized ex vivo assay with pig skin demonstrating the antimicrobial properties of the CM4-A200 cast films for skin applications.

Low frequency of TERT promoter mutations in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs).

Somatic mutations in the promoter region of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene, mainly at positions c. − 124 and c. − 146 bp, are frequent in several human cancers; yet its presence in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) has not been reported to date. Herein, we searched for the presence and clinicopathological association of TERT promoter mutations in genomic DNA from 130 bona fide GISTs. We found TERT promoter mutations in 3.8% (5/130) of GISTs. The c. − 124C4T mutation was the most common event, present in 2.3% (3/130), and the c. − 146C4T mutation in 1.5% (2/130) of GISTs. No significant association was observed between TERT promoter mutation and patient’s clinicopathological features. The present study establishes the low frequency (4%) of TERT promoter mutations in GISTs. Further studies are required to confirm our findings and to elucidate the hypothetical biological and clinical impact of TERT promoter mutation in GIST pathogenesis.

Adipogenic cell sheets to recreate in vitro adipose tissue microenvironments

Cell sheet (CS) engineering, taking advantage of cellular self-matrix organized as in native tissue, has been largely explored, including by us, for different purposes [1â 3]. Herein we propose for the ï¬ rst time, the use of human adipose stem cells (hASCs)-derived CS to create adipose tissue analogues with different levels of maturation. hASCs were cultured on UpCellTM thermo-responsive dishes for 1, 3 and 5 days under basal conditions previously established by us [3]. The inï¬ uence of pre-differentiation time and respective cell number, over CS stability and differentiation was assessed. Mechanically robust CS were only obtained with 5 days pre-differentiation period. Adipogenesis was followed along the culture assessing the variation of expression of mesenchymal (CD73, CD105 but not CD90) and adipogenic (PPARg, FABP4 and LPL) markers by ï¬ ow cytometry, immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR. Increased ratio of differentiated cells was achieved for longer pre-differentiation periods, while maturation degree was modulated by the maintenance medium. Independently of the overall CS differentiation/maturation level, 3D constructs were fabricated by stacking and further culturing 3 CS. Thus, by varying the culture conditions, different 3D adipose tissue-like microenvironments were recreated, enabling future development of new tissue engineering strategies, as well as further study of adipose tissue role in the regeneration of different tissues.

Gellan gum-hyaluronate spongy-like hydrogels promote angiogenesis in hindlimb ischemia

"Tissue engineering: part A", vol. 21, suppl. 1 (2015)

Modelo in vitro de ateroesclerosis: Efecto de la infección con Trypanosoma cruzi, lípidos y lipoproteínas sobre la expresión de receptores Toll-like y scavengers en la formación de células espumosas derivadas de macrófagos

Los receptores Toll-like (TLRs) son receptores ancestrales que reconocen modelos moleculares asociados a patógenos y nos defienden de los microorganismos. Su activación por vías de señalización que involucran al factor de transcripción NF-kB, estimula la producción de citoquinas inflamatorias, quimioquinas, moléculas de adhesión y procoagulantes. Recientemente se ha documentado la participación de TLR 2 y 4 en el desarrollo /progresión del ateroma en modelos experimentales in vivo, siendo postulados como nexo entre inflamación, infecciones y ateroesclerosis. Infecciones bacterianas y virales han demostrado jugar un papel en su desarrollo. Sin embargo, el rol de parásitos intracelulares obligados -Trypanosoma cruzi- ha sido escasamente explorado. Los macrófagos, células claves del sistema inmune innato, que pueden ser infectadas in vivo e in vitro por este parásito, expresan en su superficie receptores multiligando scavenger (SR) clase B. Entre ellos, CD 36, capta lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL) oxidadas y este mecanismo endocítico no controlado por feedback favorecería la formación de células espumosas, la lesión más temprana de ateroesclerosis. El objetivo general de este proyecto es contribuir a esclarecer el conocimiento de los mecanismos bioquímicos, celulares y moleculares que participan en la formación de células espumosas derivadas de macrófagos. Determinar el efecto de potenciales factores aterogénicos sobre receptores Toll-like and SR-CD 36, permitiría diseñar terapias alternativas tendientes a modular su actividad con la finalidad de disminuir la elevada morbilidad/mortalidad que ocasiona la ateroesclerosis en la sociedad occidental. En nuestro modelo proponemos los siguientes objetivos específicos: -Dilucidar el compromiso de TLRs y SR-clase B en el proceso de aterogenésis, específicamente en la formación de células espumosas.-Investigar la influencia de la infección por T. cruzi, ácidos grasos y LDL modificadas como factores aditivos en la formación de estas células. -Evaluar el efecto de ligandos agonistas de TLR2/4 y SR-CD 36. -Determinar el perfil de citoquinas inflamatorias liberadas en el sobrenadante de los cultivos celulares. -Estudiar el efecto metabólico de las hormonas insulina y adipoquinas en el proceso bioquímico y celular que permite la formación de células espumosas.

Efecto de la infección in vivo con Trypanosoma cruzi y una dieta rica en lípidos sobre receptores Toll-like en un modelo experimental de Aterosclerosis

Además de los factores de riesgos convencionales y mejor conocidos que predisponen a la aterosclerosis, entre ellos, la hiperlipemia, hipertensión y el hábito de fumar, recientemente se ha propuesto a las infecciones y la inflamación como factores de riesgo a tener en cuenta en el desarrollo de esta patología. Considerando que algunas infecciones bacterianas y / o virales pueden ejercer una acción pro-aterogénica, probablemente como consecuencia de inflamación sistémica o un efecto directo sobre la pared vascular, nos propusimos como objetivo principal, estudiar la influencia de la infección in vivo con Trypanosoma cruzi (parásito protozoario, agente etiológico de la Enfermedad de Chagas) más una dieta rica en lípidos sobre la expresión de los receptores de la inmunidad innata (Toll – like) en un modelo experimental desarrollado en ratones C57BL/6, propensos a la aterosclerosis. Por otra parte, nos interesa caracterizar los tipos celulares que infiltran el corazón y la aorta de los animales sometidos a tratamientos experimental (mediante estudios inmunohistoquímicos), el perfil de citoquinas inflamatorias séricas y moléculas de adhesión intercelular, así como también establecer una correlación con parámetros bioquímico – clínicos y endocrinológicos, en especial el perfil de lípidos, lipoproteínas y apolipoproteínas, marcadores de inflamación sistémica, peso corporal, glucemia, insulina e insulina resistencia

Potencial asociación entre tumores salivales, mamarios y prostáticos:búsqueda de biomarcadores e indicadores de riesgo. Potential association between salivary, mammary and prostate tumors: search for biomarkers and risk indicators.

Existiría asociación en el desarrollo de tumores salivales, mamarios y prostáticos que debería alertar en el seguimiento de esos pacientes. Por ello, resulta indispensable la búsqueda de biomarcadores específicos a fin de diagnosticar precozmente un segundo tumor primario o una lesión metastásica.La relación dieta-cáncer es aún controvertida y poco estudiada en humanos. La influencia de ciertos compuestos dietarios sobre la tumorigénesis de diversos órganos lleva a plantear que el estado nutricional de un individuo puede ser un indicador de riesgo de desarrollar dicha enfermedad.Se trabajará con sujetos de ambos sexos que presenten diagnóstico reciente de tumores salivales, mamarios y prostáticos, sin tratamiento previo y proveniente de los hospitales Privado y Córdoba. El grupo control estará constituído por sujetos con características similares a las de los casos, aunque sin diagnóstico de tumores. El número previsto es de 20 casos por cada tipo de tumor -entre benignos y malignos- y 80 controles (relación 1:2, respectivamente) por año de trabajo.Para recolectar los datos se empleará una encuesta de frecuenvia alimentaria cuali-cuantitativa, además de una historia clínica. En muestras de saliva y sangre se analizarán biomarcadores tumorales como CEA, CA 15-3 y PSA y se identificarán y cuantificarán lípidos totales y ácidos grasos. En tejido tumoral se cuantificarán lípidos y marcadores tumorales.