Utilização de álcool absoluto no tratamento das malformações venosas

O tratamento das malformações venosas pode ser realizado por ressecção cirúrgica ou esclerose farmacológica. Este estudo mostra os resultados de 12 pacientes com angiodisplasia submetidos a múltiplas aplicações diretas de etanol na lesão, após exame clínico e angiografia venosa percutânea. Dez pacientes referiram melhora dos sintomas e diminuição do tamanho da lesão. Todos os pacientes queixaram-se de ardência durante a aplicação, que cessou no máximo em 24 horas. As complicações encontradas foram três casos de úlceras pequenas na pele e um caso de hiperemia no membro tratado, associada a linfonodomegalia dolorosa. Concluiu-se que o tratamento escleroterapêutico das malformações venosas com infusão de pequenos volumes de etanol apresenta as vantagens de ser um tratamento seguro, eficaz, simples, fácil e rápido, de baixo custo, bem tolerado e com poucas complicações.

Simulação da Química da Atmosfera Poluída por Automóveis Movidos a Álcool

Numerical modeling studies of urban atmospheres were performed with a photochemical box submodel which incorporates primary emission rates, temperature and solar irradiance rate coefficients. Actinic flux calculations were made for an appropriate latitude for Rio de Janeiro and initial concentrations and emission rates were taken from experimental data. The relative importance of individual reactions is discussed as well as the effect of enhanced aldehyde emissions from vehicles using ethanol and ethanol-containing fuel.

Influência do material do alambique na composição química das aguardentes de cana-de-açúcar

This paper describes variations in the profile of the main volatile organic compounds present in Brazilian sugar cane spirits distilled in copper and stainless steel distillers. The main organic compounds: aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, alcohols and esters, were determined through High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and High Resolution Gas Cromatography (HRGC). The spirits produced in copper distillers exhibit higher contents of aldehydes with respect to the ones produced in stainless steel. The inverse is true with respect to the higher alcohol and ester contents. No significant variation has been observed for the carboxylic acids.

Processo alternativo para remoção de cobre (II) e níquel (II) de soluções aquosas utilizando cápsulas de quitosana - Álcool Polivinílico

Capsules were prepared from chitosan (QTS)-poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) blend by saline coacervation and then by formalization. A adsorbent based on chitosan, insoluble on acid solution, was obtained. The morphology, average diameters of QTS/PVA capsules and their pores were studied by using scanning electron microscopy. The entrapment-adsorption of dimethylglioxime and ethylenediaminetetracetate by the capsules were studied. The removal of the ion nickel (II) and copper (II), was more effective than by using unloaded capsules.

Determinação direta de crômio em açúcar e leite por espectrometria de absorção atômica com atomização eletrotérmica em forno de grafite

A fast and direct method for the determination of Cr in milk and cane sugar suspensions using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with Zeeman-effect background correction is described. No sample pre-treatment was necessary, minimizing the risk of contamination. The concentration of chromium in cane sugar was evaluated using Cr reference solutions prepared in 1% v/v HNO3 solution. The milk samples were introduced into the furnace with a mixture of amines for avoiding the autosampler blockage and foaming of milk. Chromium determination in milk was based on the standard additions method (SAM). The limit of detection and characteristic mass for cane sugar sample (30 muL) were 0,13 ng/ml and 4,3 pg, and for milk sample (10 muL) were 0,23 ng/ml and 7,8 pg, respectively. The graphite tube lifetime was 300 firings for sugar-cane sample and 100 firings for milk sample. The heating program was implemented in 68 s.

Caracterização hidrogeoquímica de água subterrânea em área de influência de futuras instalações de usinas hidrelétricas: bacia hidrográfica do rio Taquari-Antas/RS, Brasil

The identification and characterization of the hydrochemistry of the groundwaters has been done for seven wells. The sampling occurred during three bimonthly campaigns. The results classified the waters as of the calcium bicarbonated type for the majority of the samples, except for one well, whose composition is of the sodium bicarbonated type. The major ions found and how they determine the quality parameters are consistent with the reactions of mineral dissolution of the majority of volcanic rocks and the reactions with intrusion of alkaline rock in only one well. Anomalous values of nitrate in some wells alert to the impact of especially polluting sources at the time the reservoirs of the hydroeletric plant were formed.

Uso de agrotóxicos em cana-de-açúcar na bacia do Rio Corumbataí e o risco de poluição hídrica

The state of São Paulo is the main Brazilian consumer of pesticides. Sugar cane, which uses a great amount of these products, is extensivelly cultivated in this state, such as in the Corumbataí river basin, an important source of water for the region. In order to implement an efficient and low-cost monitoring program, the temporal characterization of the use of pesticides on sugar cane in this basin was performed. After knowing the seasonal trends of consumption, a better choice of sampling time, became possible. The combination of data from this survey with partitioning indices, average doses and toxicological classifications showed to be important for defining the pesticides to be included in the monitoring program.

Diagnóstico ambiental de metais e organoclorados em córregos adjacentes a áreas de cultivo de cana-de-açúcar (Estado de São Paulo, Brasil)

Sugar cane cultivation in the State of São Paulo has expanded in the last years, with an annual production of 200•10(6) t in an area of 2.5• 10(6) hectares. The use of herbicides, pesticides and fertilizers in sugar cane plantations, together with deforestation of riparian vegetation, have caused impacts on the hydric resources of the adjacent areas. The aim of this work is to evaluate the influence of sugar cane plantations on streams in the central region of the State of São Paulo, studying 16 organochlorinated compounds and 7 metals (Cu, Fe, Cd, Zn, Mn, Cr and Ni) found in the sediments of 11 streams. The results show that there is a higher concentration of metals and organochlorinated compounds in streams without riparian vegetation when compared to forested areas.

Avaliação de contaminantes inorgânicos e orgânicos em álcool combustível utilizando eletroforese capilar

This work reports the analysis of inorganic and organic contaminants in alcohol fuel samples using capillary electrophoresis. Chloride and sulfate were analyzed in nitrate/ monochloroacetic acid at 10 mmol L-1 concentration each under indirect UV detection (210 nm). The analysis of aldehydes is based on the 216 nm detection of 3-methyl-2-benzothiazoline hydrazone adducts. The running buffer consisted of 20 mmol L-1 tetraborate , 40 mmol L-1 sodium dodecyl sufate and 12 mmol L-1 beta-ciclodextrin. Both methodologies were applied to real samples indicating inorganic ion concentrations from 0.15 to 6.64 mg kg-1 and aldehydes from 32.0 to 91.3 mg L-1.

Eletroanálise de derivados acetaldeído com hidrazina e determinação em amostras de álcool combustível por voltametria de onda quadrada

A square wave voltammetric method is described for the determination of acetaldehyde using the derivatization reaction with hydrazine sulphate, based on the reduction of hydrazone generated as a product that exhibits a single well-defined peak at -1.19V in acetate buffer at pH 5. Calibration graphs were obtained from 1.0 x 10-6 mol L-1 to 10 x 10-6 mol L-1 of acetaldehyde, using a reaction time of 8 min and a hidrazine concentration of 0.02 mol L-1. The detection limit was 2.38 x 10-7 mol L-1. The method was applied satisfactorily to the determination of total aldehyde in fuel ethanol samples without any pre-treatment.

Determinação espectrofotométrica simultânea de cobre e ferro em álcool etílico combustível com reagentes derivados da ferroína

In the present work three ferroin reagents were studied for the simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of iron and copper: 1,10-phenanthroline, 2,2'-bipyridine and 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine. Effect of pH, conditions, order reagent addition, interferences, amount of reagents, lineal range, sensitivity and stability of each system were compared. The 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine can be used for determination of iron in the presence of copper with a detection limit of 5 µg L-1 and coefficient of variation of 2.0%; However it was not possible to determine directly copper in the presence of iron with this reagent. 1,10-phenanthroline can be used for simultaneous determination of the metallic ions with detection limits of 7 and 8 mg L-1 and coefficients of variation of 1.8 and 2.3% in the determination of iron and copper, respectively. The results showed also that 2,2'-bipyridine can be used for simultaneous determination of the metallic ions with detection limits of 11 and 32 µg L-1 and coefficients of variation of 1.9 and 2.5% in the determination of iron and copper, respectively. The reagents were used for spectrophotometric determination of iron and copper in ethanol fuel.

Determinação de açúcar total em café cru por espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo e regressão por mínimos quadrados parciais

In this work a fast method for the determination of the total sugar levels in samples of raw coffee was developed using the near infrared spectroscopy technique and multivariate regression. The sugar levels were initially obtained using gravimety as the reference method. Later on, the regression models were built from the near infrared spectra of the coffee samples. The original spectra were pre-treated according to the Kubelka-Munk transformation and multiplicative signal correction. The proposed analytical method made possible the direct determination of the total sugar levels in the samples with an error lower by 8% with respect to the conventional methodology.

Hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos como traçadores da queima de cana-de-açúcar: uma abordagem estatística

In this study atmospheric particulates of PAHs were measured in Araraquara, Piracicaba and São Paulo in July 2003 (sugarcane harvest season in Araraquara and Piracicaba) and in Araraquara in March of 2003. The results were normalized to the total PAH concentrations. Comparison among the sites and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to investigate possible tracers of emission. Fluoranthene and pyrene concentrations were higher in Piracicaba and Araraquara samples. These PAH were also responsible for the largest negative loadings on the second principal component and account for the negative scores and for the formation of the Araraquara and Piracicaba group.

Pré-tratamentos de melaço de cana-de-açúcar e água de maceração de milho para a bioprodução de carotenóides

This work studied the pretreatment of sugarcane molasses (CM) and corn steep liquor (CS) for the production of carotenoids by Sporidiobolus salmonicolor (CBS 2636). The acid pretreatment removed less micronutrients than that with activated carbon and led to high removals of Cu and Mn. Reduction in optical density of the prepared medium and removal of glucose from it were 22% and 7% for CM and 95% and 38% for CS, respectively. Total carotenoids obtained with substrates pretreated with acids (541 mg/L) were higher than the results obtained when the medium was treated with activated carbon (208 mg/L).

Preparação e caracterização de blendas de quitosana/poli(álcool vinílico) reticuladas quimicamente com glutaraldeído para aplicação em engenharia de tecido

In this study, novel Chitosan/PVA based films were chemically crosslinked by glutaraldehyde, under pH=(4,00 ±0,05), in order to achieve structures tailored for wound tissue engineering applications. Both precursors and developed films were characterized by FTIR, SEM and XRD in order to determine the presence of chemicals groups and nanostructural order, respectively. The results have shown that the glutaraldehyde crosslinking have altered the crystallinity of pure chitosan and the increase on the C=N bands and simultaneous decrease on NH2 bands suggested that Chitosan/GA crosslinking has preference to occur in carbon-2 of the saccharide ring by the Schiff's base reaction. Also, FTIR spectroscopy clearly showed that crosslinking has also taken place with blends of PVA and chitosan. The mechanical properties presented high degree dependence with on the increase of the content of chitosan and glutaraldehyde. The results have indicated that, by controlling the ratio [PVA]/[chitosan] in the blends and the extent of chemical crosslinking, it was possible to tailor the hybrid network produced aiming to obtain properties of interest for the specific application.