Study of silicon-on-insulator multiple-gate MOS structures including band-gap engineering and self heating effects

The progresses of electron devices integration have proceeded for more than 40 years following the well–known Moore’s law, which states that the transistors density on chip doubles every 24 months. This trend has been possible due to the downsizing of the MOSFET dimensions (scaling); however, new issues and new challenges are arising, and the conventional ”bulk” architecture is becoming inadequate in order to face them. In order to overcome the limitations related to conventional structures, the researchers community is preparing different solutions, that need to be assessed. Possible solutions currently under scrutiny are represented by: • devices incorporating materials with properties different from those of silicon, for the channel and the source/drain regions; • new architectures as Silicon–On–Insulator (SOI) transistors: the body thickness of Ultra-Thin-Body SOI devices is a new design parameter, and it permits to keep under control Short–Channel–Effects without adopting high doping level in the channel. Among the solutions proposed in order to overcome the difficulties related to scaling, we can highlight heterojunctions at the channel edge, obtained by adopting for the source/drain regions materials with band–gap different from that of the channel material. This solution allows to increase the injection velocity of the particles travelling from the source into the channel, and therefore increase the performance of the transistor in terms of provided drain current. The first part of this thesis work addresses the use of heterojunctions in SOI transistors: chapter 3 outlines the basics of the heterojunctions theory and the adoption of such approach in older technologies as the heterojunction–bipolar–transistors; moreover the modifications introduced in the Monte Carlo code in order to simulate conduction band discontinuities are described, and the simulations performed on unidimensional simplified structures in order to validate them as well. Chapter 4 presents the results obtained from the Monte Carlo simulations performed on double–gate SOI transistors featuring conduction band offsets between the source and drain regions and the channel. In particular, attention has been focused on the drain current and to internal quantities as inversion charge, potential energy and carrier velocities. Both graded and abrupt discontinuities have been considered. The scaling of devices dimensions and the adoption of innovative architectures have consequences on the power dissipation as well. In SOI technologies the channel is thermally insulated from the underlying substrate by a SiO2 buried–oxide layer; this SiO2 layer features a thermal conductivity that is two orders of magnitude lower than the silicon one, and it impedes the dissipation of the heat generated in the active region. Moreover, the thermal conductivity of thin semiconductor films is much lower than that of silicon bulk, due to phonon confinement and boundary scattering. All these aspects cause severe self–heating effects, that detrimentally impact the carrier mobility and therefore the saturation drive current for high–performance transistors; as a consequence, thermal device design is becoming a fundamental part of integrated circuit engineering. The second part of this thesis discusses the problem of self–heating in SOI transistors. Chapter 5 describes the causes of heat generation and dissipation in SOI devices, and it provides a brief overview on the methods that have been proposed in order to model these phenomena. In order to understand how this problem impacts the performance of different SOI architectures, three–dimensional electro–thermal simulations have been applied to the analysis of SHE in planar single and double–gate SOI transistors as well as FinFET, featuring the same isothermal electrical characteristics. In chapter 6 the same simulation approach is extensively employed to study the impact of SHE on the performance of a FinFET representative of the high–performance transistor of the 45 nm technology node. Its effects on the ON–current, the maximum temperatures reached inside the device and the thermal resistance associated to the device itself, as well as the dependence of SHE on the main geometrical parameters have been analyzed. Furthermore, the consequences on self–heating of technological solutions such as raised S/D extensions regions or reduction of fin height are explored as well. Finally, conclusions are drawn in chapter 7.

Tecniche di elaborazione di dati macrosismici per la definizione di sorgenti sismogenetiche

La valutazione dell’intensità secondo una procedura formale trasparente, obiettiva e che permetta di ottenere valori numerici attraverso scelte e criteri rigorosi, rappresenta un passo ed un obiettivo per la trattazione e l’impiego delle informazioni macrosismiche. I dati macrosismici possono infatti avere importanti applicazioni per analisi sismotettoniche e per la stima della pericolosità sismica. Questa tesi ha affrontato il problema del formalismo della stima dell’intensità migliorando aspetti sia teorici che pratici attraverso tre passaggi fondamentali sviluppati in ambiente MS-Excel e Matlab: i) la raccolta e l’archiviazione del dataset macrosismico; ii), l’associazione (funzione di appartenenza o membership function) tra effetti e gradi di intensità della scala macrosismica attraverso i principi della logica dei fuzzy sets; iii) l’applicazione di algoritmi decisionali rigorosi ed obiettivi per la stima dell’intensità finale. L’intera procedura è stata applicata a sette terremoti italiani sfruttando varie possibilità, anche metodologiche, come la costruzione di funzioni di appartenenza combinando le informazioni macrosismiche di più terremoti: Monte Baldo (1876), Valle d’Illasi (1891), Marsica (1915), Santa Sofia (1918), Mugello (1919), Garfagnana (1920) e Irpinia (1930). I risultati ottenuti hanno fornito un buon accordo statistico con le intensità di un catalogo macrosismico di riferimento confermando la validità dell’intera metodologia. Le intensità ricavate sono state poi utilizzate per analisi sismotettoniche nelle aree dei terremoti studiati. I metodi di analisi statistica sui piani quotati (distribuzione geografica delle intensità assegnate) si sono rivelate in passato uno strumento potente per analisi e caratterizzazione sismotettonica, determinando i principali parametri (localizzazione epicentrale, lunghezza, larghezza, orientazione) della possibile sorgente sismogenica. Questa tesi ha implementato alcuni aspetti delle metodologie di analisi grazie a specifiche applicazioni sviluppate in Matlab che hanno permesso anche di stimare le incertezze associate ai parametri di sorgente, grazie a tecniche di ricampionamento statistico. Un’analisi sistematica per i terremoti studiati è stata portata avanti combinando i vari metodi per la stima dei parametri di sorgente con i piani quotati originali e ricalcolati attraverso le procedure decisionali fuzzy. I risultati ottenuti hanno consentito di valutare le caratteristiche delle possibili sorgenti e formulare ipotesi di natura sismotettonica che hanno avuto alcuni riscontri indiziali con dati di tipo geologico e geologico-strutturale. Alcuni eventi (1915, 1918, 1920) presentano una forte stabilità dei parametri calcolati (localizzazione epicentrale e geometria della possibile sorgente) con piccole incertezze associate. Altri eventi (1891, 1919 e 1930) hanno invece mostrato una maggiore variabilità sia nella localizzazione dell’epicentro che nella geometria delle box: per il primo evento ciò è probabilmente da mettere in relazione con la ridotta consistenza del dataset di intensità mentre per gli altri con la possibile molteplicità delle sorgenti sismogenetiche. Anche l’analisi bootstrap ha messo in evidenza, in alcuni casi, le possibili asimmetrie nelle distribuzioni di alcuni parametri (ad es. l’azimut della possibile struttura), che potrebbero suggerire meccanismi di rottura su più faglie distinte.

Per un'etica della letteratura: la cornice il doppio legame nell'opera di J. M. Coetzee

The elusive fiction of J. M. Coetzee is not a work in which you can read fixed ethical stances. I suggest testing the potentialities of a logic based on frames and double binds in Coetzee's novels. A double bind is a dilemma in communication which consists on tho conflicting messages, with the result that you can’t successfully respond to neither. Jacques Derrida highlighted the strategic value of a way of thinking based on the double bind (but on frames as well), which enables to escape binary thinking and so it opens an ethical space, where you can make a choice out of a set of fixed rules and take responsibility for it. In Coetzee’s fiction the author himself can be considered in a double bind, seeing that he is a white South African writer who feels that his “task” can’t be as simply as choosing to represent faithfully the violence and the racism of the apartheid or of choosing to give a voice to the oppressed. Good intentions alone do not ensure protection against entering unwittingly into complicity with the dominant discourse, and this is why is important to make the frame in which one is always situated clearly visible and explicit. The logic of the double bind becomes the way in which moral problem are staged in Coetzee’s fiction as well: the opportunity to give a voice to the oppressed through the same language which co-opted to serve the cause of oppression, a relation with the otherness never completed, or the representability of evil in literature, of the secret and of the paradoxical implications of confession and forgiveness.

One-step elettrosintesi: un metodo alternativo per sintetizzare nanoparticelle di Pt

La maggiore richiesta energetica di questi anni, associata alla diminuzione delle riserve di combustibile fossile e ai problemi di inquinamento ambientale hanno spinto il settore scientifico verso la ricerca di nuovi dispositivi che presentino elevata efficienza e quantità di emissioni ridotta. Tra questi, le celle a combustibile (fuel cells) alimentate con idrogeno o molecole organiche come etanolo, acido formico e metanolo, hanno particolare rilevanza anche se attualmente risultano particolarmente costose. Una delle principali sfide di questi ultimi anni è ridurne i costi e aumentarne l'efficienza di conversione in energia. Per questo scopo molti sforzi vengono condotti verso l'ottimizzazione dei catalizzatori a base di Pt spostando l’attenzione verso sistemi nanostrutturati ad elevata attività catalitica e buona stabilità. Durante questo lavoro di tesi si è affrontato lo studio relativo alla preparazione di elettrodi modificati con PtNPs ottenute per elettrodeposizione, un metodo semplice ed efficace per poterne controllare i parametri di deposizione e crescita e per ottenere direttamente le nanoparticelle sulla superficie dell’elettrodo. Come materiale elettroattivo si è utilizzato un foglio di grafite, denominato (Pure Graphite Sheet = PGS). Tale superficie elettrodica, meno costosa e più conduttiva rispetto all’ITO, si presenta sotto forma di fogli flessibili resistenti ad alte temperature e ad ambienti corrosivi e quindi risulta conveniente qualora si pensi ad un suo utilizzo su scala industriale. In particolare è stato studiato come la variazione di alcuni parametri sperimentali quali: i) il tempo di elettrodeposizione e ii) la presenza di stabilizzanti tipo: KI, acido dodecil benzene sulfonico (DBSA), poli vinil pirrolidone (PVP) o poliossietilene ottilfenil etere (Triton-X100) e iii) la concentrazione degli stessi stabilizzanti, potessero influire sulle dimensioni ed eventualmente sulla morfologia delle PtNPs. in fase di elettrodeposizione. L’elettrosintesi è stata effettuata per via cronoamperometria. I film di PtNPs sono stati caratterizzati utilizzando tecniche di superficie quali microscopia a scansione elettronica (SEM) e Voltammetria Ciclica (CV). Al fine di valutare le capacità elettrocatalitiche delle diverse PtNPs ottenute si è studiata la reazione di ossidazione del metanolo in ambiente acido.

Crittoanalisi Logica di DES

La crittografia ha sempre rivestito un ruolo primario nella storia del genere umano, dagli albori ai giorni nostri, e il periodo in cui viviamo non fa certo eccezione. Al giorno d'oggi, molti dei gesti che vengono compiuti anche solo come abitudine (operazioni bancarie, apertura automatica dell'auto, accedere a Facebook, ecc.), celano al loro interno la costante presenza di sofisticati sistemi crittografici. Proprio a causa di questo fatto, è importante che gli algoritmi utilizzati siano in qualche modo certificati come ragionevolmente sicuri e che la ricerca in questo campo proceda costantemente, sia dal punto di vista dei possibili nuovi exploit per forzare gli algoritmi usati, sia introducendo nuovi e sempre più complessi sistemi di sicurezza. In questa tesi viene proposto una possibile implementazione di un particolare tipo di attacco crittoanalitico, introdotto nel 2000 da due ricercatori dell'Università "La Sapienza" di Roma, e conosciuto come "Crittoanalisi Logica". L'algoritmo su cui è incentrato il lavoro è il Data Encryption Standard (DES), ostico standard crittografico caduto in disuso nel 1999 a causa delle dimensioni ridotte della chiave, seppur tuttora sia algebricamente inviolato. Il testo è strutturato nel seguente modo: il primo capitolo è dedicato ad una breve descrizione di DES e della sua storia, introducendo i concetti fondamentali con cui si avrà a che fare per l'intera dissertazione Nel secondo capitolo viene introdotta la Crittoanalisi Logica e viene fornita una definizione della stessa, accennando ai concetti matematici necessari alla comprensione dei capitoli seguenti. Nel capitolo 3 viene presentato il primo dei due software sviluppati per rendere possibile l'attuazione di questo attacco crittoanalitico, una libreria per la rappresentazione e la manipolazione di formule logiche scritta in Java. Il quarto ed ultimo capitolo descrive il programma che, utilizzando la libreria descritta nel capitolo 3, elabora in maniera automatica un insieme di proposizioni logiche semanticamente equivalenti a DES, la cui verifica di soddisfacibilità, effettuata tramite appositi tools (SAT solvers) equivale ad effettuare un attacco di tipo known-plaintext su tale algoritmo.

Analisi di grafi su architetture a memoria distribuita

Questo lavoro di tesi tratta il tema delle reti complesse, mostrando i principali modelli di rete complessa quali: il modello Random, il modello Small-World ed il modello Scale-free; si introdurranno alcune metriche usate per descrivere le reti complesse quali la Degree centrality, la Closeness centrality e la Betweenness centrality; si descriveranno i problemi da tenere in considerazione durante la definizione e l’implementazione di algoritmi su grafi; i modelli di calcolo su cui progettare gli algoritmi per risolvere i problemi su grafi; un’analisi prestazionale degli algoritmi proposti per calcolare i valori di Beweenness centrality su grafi di medio-grandi dimensioni. Parte di questo lavoro di tesi è consistito nello sviluppo di LANA, LArge-scale Network Analyzer, un software che permette il calcolo e l’analisi di varie metriche di centralità su grafo.

Sistema per l'estrazione e purificazione di sostanze antiossidanti naturali nelle acque di vegetazione delle olive

The olive oil extraction industry is responsible for the production of high quantities of vegetation waters, represented by the constitutive water of the olive fruit and by the water used during the process. This by-product represent an environmental problem in the olive’s cultivation areas because of its high content of organic matter, with high value of BOD5 and COD. For that reason the disposal of the vegetation water is very difficult and needs a previous depollution. The organic matter of vegetation water mainly consists of polysaccharides, sugars, proteins, organic acids, oil and polyphenols. This last compounds are the principal responsible for the pollution problems, due to their antimicrobial activity, but, at the same time they are well known for their antioxidant properties. The most concentrate phenolic compounds in waters and also in virgin olive oils are secoiridoids like oleuropein, demethyloleuropein and ligstroside derivatives (the dialdehydic form of elenolic acid linked to 3,4-DHPEA, or p-HPEA (3,4-DHPEA-EDA or p-HPEA-EDA) and an isomer of the oleuropein aglycon (3,4-DHPEA-EA). The management of the olive oil vegetation water has been extensively investigated and several different valorisation methods have been proposed, such as the direct use as fertilizer or the transformation by physico-chemical or biological treatments. During the last years researchers focused their interest on the recovery of the phenolic fraction from this waste looking for its exploitation as a natural antioxidant source. At the present only few contributes have been aimed to the utilization for a large scale phenols recovery and further investigations are required for the evaluation of feasibility and costs of the proposed processes. The present PhD thesis reports a preliminary description of a new industrial scale process for the recovery of the phenolic fraction from olive oil vegetation water treated with enzymes, by direct membrane filtration (microfiltration/ultrafiltration with a cut-off of 250 KDa, ultrafiltration with a cut-off of 7 KDa/10 KDa and nanofiltration/reverse osmosis), partial purification by the use of a purification system based on SPE analysis and by a liquid-liquid extraction system (LLE) with contemporary reduction of the pollution related problems. The phenolic fractions of all the samples obtained were qualitatively and quantitatively by HPLC analysis. The work efficiency in terms of flows and in terms of phenolic recovery gave good results. The final phenolic recovery is about 60% respect the initial content in the vegetation waters. The final concentrate has shown a high content of phenols that allow to hypothesize a possible use as zootechnic nutritional supplements. The purification of the final concentrate have garanteed an high purity level of the phenolic extract especially in SPE analysis by the use of XAD-16 (73% of the total phenolic content of the concentrate). This purity level could permit a future food industry employment such as food additive, or, thanks to the strong antioxidant activity, it would be also use in pharmaceutical or cosmetic industry. The vegetation water depollutant activity has brought good results, as a matter of fact the final reverse osmosis permeate has a low pollutant rate in terms of COD and BOD5 values (2% of the initial vegetation water), that could determinate a recycling use in the virgin olive oil mechanical extraction system producing a water saving and reducing thus the oil industry disposal costs .

Scienza, Tecnica, Politica: Il Problema del Metodo nel Pensiero di Jacopo Aconcio

The aim of this PhD thesis is to study accurately and in depth the figure and the literary production of the intellectual Jacopo Aconcio. This minor author of the 16th century has long been considered a sort of “enigmatic character”, a profile which results from the work of those who, for many centuries, have left his writing to its fate: a story of constant re-readings and equally incessant oversights. This is why it is necessary to re-read Aconcio’s production in its entirety and to devote to it a monographic study. Previous scholars’ interpretations will obviously be considered, but at the same time an effort will be made to go beyond them through the analysis of both published and manuscript sources, in the attempt to attain a deeper understanding of the figure of this man, who was a Christian, a military and hydraulic engineer and a political philosopher,. The title of the thesis was chosen to emphasise how, throughout the three years of the doctorate, my research concentrated in equal measure and with the same degree of importance on all the reflections and activities of Jacopo Aconcio. My object, in fact, was to establish how and to what extent the methodological thinking of the intellectual found application in, and at the same time guided, his theoretical and practical production. I did not mention in the title the author’s religious thinking, which has always been considered by everyone the most original and interesting element of his production, because religion, from the Reformation onwards, was primarily a political question and thus it was treated by almost all the authors involved in the Protestant movement - Aconcio in the first place. Even the remarks concerning the private, intimate sphere of faith have therefore been analysed in this light: only by acknowledging the centrality of the “problem of politics” in Aconcio’s theories, in fact, is it possible to interpret them correctly. This approach proves the truth of the theoretical premise to my research, that is to say the unity and orderliness of the author’s thought: in every field of knowledge, Aconcio applies the rules of the methodus resolutiva, as a means to achieve knowledge and elaborate models of pacific cohabitation in society. Aconcio’s continuous references to method can make his writing pedant and rather complex, but at the same time they allow for a consistent and valid analysis of different disciplines. I have not considered the fact that most of his reflections appear to our eyes as strongly conditioned by the time in which he lived as a limit. To see in him, as some have done, the forerunner of Descartes’ methodological discourse or, conversely, to judge his religious theories as not very modern, is to force the thought of an author who was first and foremost a Christian man of his own time. Aconcio repeats this himself several times in his writings: he wants to provide individuals with the necessary tools to reach a full-fledged scientific knowledge in the various fields, and also to enable them to seek truth incessantly in the religious domain, which is the duty of every human being. The will to find rules, instruments, effective solutions characterizes the whole of the author’s corpus: Aconcio feels he must look for truth in all the arts, aware as he is that anything can become science as long as it is analysed with method. Nevertheless, he remains a man of his own time, a Christian convinced of the existence of God, creator and governor of the world, to whom people must account for their own actions. To neglect this fact in order to construct a “character”, a generic forerunner, but not participant, of whatever philosophical current, is a dangerous and sidetracking operation. In this study, I have highlighted how Aconcio’s arguments only reveal their full meaning when read in the context in which they were born, without depriving them of their originality but also without charging them with meanings they do not possess. Through a historical-doctrinal approach, I have tried to analyse the complex web of theories and events which constitute the substratum of Aconcio’s reflection, in order to trace the correct relations between texts and contexts. The thesis is therefore organised in six chapters, dedicated respectively to Aconcio’s biography, to the methodological question, to the author’s engineering activity, to his historical knowledge and to his religious thinking, followed by a last section concerning his fortune throughout the centuries. The above-mentioned complexity is determined by the special historical moment in which the author lived. On the one hand, thanks to the new union between science and technique, the 16th century produces discoveries and inventions which make available a previously unthinkable number of notions and lead to a “revolution” in the way of studying and teaching the different subjects, which, by producing a new form of intellectual, involved in politics but also aware of scientific-technological issues, will contribute to the subsequent birth of modern science. On the other, the 16th century is ravaged by religious conflicts, which shatter the unity of the Christian world and generate theological-political disputes which will inform the history of European states for many decades. My aim is to show how Aconcio’s multifarious activity is the conscious fruit of this historical and religious situation, as well as the attempt of an answer to the request of a new kind of engagement on the intellectual’s behalf. Plunged in the discussions around methodus, employed in the most important European courts, involved in the abrupt acceleration of technical-scientific activities, and especially concerned by the radical religious reformation brought on by the Protestant movement, Jacopo Aconcio reflects this complex conjunction in his writings, without lacking in order and consistency, differently from what many scholars assume. The object of this work, therefore, is to highlight the unity of the author’s thought, in which science, technique, faith and politics are woven into a combination which, although it may appear illogical and confused, is actually tidy and methodical, and therefore in agreement with Aconcio’s own intentions and with the specific characters of European culture in the Renaissance. This theory is confirmed by the reading of the Ars muniendorum oppidorum, Aconcio’s only work which had been up till now unavailable. I am persuaded that only a methodical reading of Aconcio’s works, without forgetting nor glorifying any single one, respects the author’s will. From De methodo (1558) onwards, all his writings are summae, guides for the reader who wishes to approach the study of the various disciplines. Undoubtedly, Satan’s Stratagems (1565) is something more, not only because of its length, but because it deals with the author’s main interest: the celebration of doubt and debate as bases on which to build religious tolerance, which is the best method for pacific cohabitation in society. This, however, does not justify the total centrality which the Stratagems have enjoyed for centuries, at the expense of a proper understanding of the author’s will to offer examples of methodological rigour in all sciences. Maybe it is precisely because of the reforming power of Aconcio’s thought that, albeit often forgotten throughout the centuries, he has never ceased to reappear and continues to draw attention, both as a man and as an author. His ideas never stop stimulating the reader’s curiosity and this may ultimately be the best demonstration of their worth, independently from the historical moment in which they come back to the surface.

Ipotesi di espansione lineare - Centro di ricerca avanzata per il quadrante nord dell'Alta Velocità sul Ticino.

Il progetto di tesi, inizialmente, è stato concentrato sull’approfondimento, e studio, delle problematiche relative alla costruzione delle linee ad Alta Velocità, che hanno recentemente segnato il territorio italiano, da nord a sud e da ovest ad est. Proseguendo l’analisi sul sistema ferroviario, tramite il confronto con le altre realtà europee, ho compreso quali fossero le principali criticità e doti del trasporto su ferro in Italia, che è ancora molto lontano dalla sua miglior ottimizzazione, ma che comunque, ci tengo a dire, in rapporto a ciò che succede negli altri paesi d’Europa, non è così deficitario come si è portati a pensare. L’entrata in funzione delle linee ad Alta Velocità, infatti, ha cambiato lo scenario di relazioni tra infrastruttura, città e territorio, proprio in questo ambito nasce la volontà di proporre un modello di sviluppo urbano che comprenda, nella sua pianificazione originale, città, infrastruttura ed architettura, e che anzi rivendichi l’importanza di quest’ultima nelle scelte urbanistiche, al contrario di quanto purtroppo avviene oggi. Dopo uno studio dei contesti possibili in cui inserire un progetto di questa portata, è stata individuata la zona che meglio si adatta alle premesse iniziali, ad ovest di Milano tra Novara e l’aeroporto di Milano Malpensa. Qui la scarsa razionalizzazione dei trasporti pregiudica lo sfruttamento delle potenzialità dell’aeroporto da una parte, e della nuova linea ad Alta Velocità dell’altra, così aggiungendo una nuova tratta di ferrovia ad alte prestazioni e riorganizzando trasporti e territorio, ho tentato di dare risposta alle mancanze del sistema della mobilità. In questo quadro si inserisce la città lineare studiata per dimostrare la possibile integrazione tra trasporti, città ed architettura, il modello, partendo dallo studio del blocco milanese giunge a definire un piano di tipo composto, con un asse principale in cui sono concentrate le vie di trasporto, ed una serie di assi ortogonali secondari che individuano le emergenze architettoniche, punti notevoli che devono fungere da catalizzatori. In uno di questi punti, posto in posizione baricentrica è stato collocato il centro di ricerca avanzata, in particolare è stato inserito in una zona difficilmente raggiungibile, questo per enfatizzare l’isolamento e la riservatezza che sono necessarie alla funzione. Il campus avrebbe potuto trovarsi anche in un altro punto del piano e questo non avrebbe inficiato le premesse iniziali, il progetto dell’università è solo un pretesto per dimostrare l’ipotesi prima dichiarata, l’architettura può e deve svolgere un ruolo importante nella pianificazione anche infrastrutturale.

Accuratezza nella diagnosi prenatale di malformazione fetale

OBJECTIVE: One major problem in counselling couples with a prenatal diagnosis of a correctable fetal anomaly is the ability to exclude associated malformations that may modify the prognosis. Our aim was to assess the precision of fetal sonography in identifying isolated malformations. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the prenatal and postnatal records of our center for cases with a prenatal diagnosis of an isolated fetal anomaly in the period 2002-2007. RESULTS: The antenatal diagnosis of an isolated malformation was made in 284 cases. In one of this cases the anomaly disappeared in utero. Of the remaining cases, the prenatal diagnosis was confirmed after birth in 251 (88.7%). In 8 fetuses (7 with a suspected coarctation of the aorta, 1 with ventricular septal defect) the prenatal diagnosis was not confirmed. In 24 fetuses (8.5%) additional malformations were detected at postnatal or post-mortem. In 16 of these cases the anomalies were mild or would not have changed the prognosis. In 8 cases (2.8%) severe anomalies were present (1 hypoplasia of the corpus callosum with ventriculomegaly, 1 tracheal agenesis, 3 cases with multiple anomalies, 1 Opitz Syndrome, 1 with CHARGE Syndrome, 1 COFS Syndrome). Two of these infants died. CONCLUSIONS: the prenatal diagnosis of an isolated fetal anomaly is highly reliable. However, the probability that additional malformations will go undetected albeit small remains tangible. In our experience, it was 2.8%.