Introducing numerical analysis tools in engineering: a Scilab user case in electronics course

Software tools in education became popular since the widespread of personal computers. Engineering courses lead the way in this development and these tools became almost a standard. Engineering graduates are familiar with numerical analysis tools but also with simulators (e.g. electronic circuits), computer assisted design tools and others, depending on the degree. One of the main problems with these tools is when and how to start use them so that they can be beneficial to students and not mere substitutes for potentially difficult calculations or design. In this paper a software tool to be used by first year students in electronics/electricity courses is presented. The growing acknowledgement and acceptance of open source software lead to the choice of an open source software tool – Scilab, which is a numerical analysis tool – to develop a toolbox. The toolbox was developed to be used as standalone or integrated in an e-learning platform. The e-learning platform used was Moodle. The first approach was to assess the mathematical skills necessary to solve all the problems related to electronics and electricity courses. Analysing the existing circuit simulators software tools, it is clear that even though they are very helpful by showing the end result they are not so effective in the process of the students studying and self learning since they show results but not intermediate steps which are crucial in problems that involve derivatives or integrals. Also, they are not very effective in obtaining graphical results that could be used to elaborate reports and for an overall better comprehension of the results. The developed tool was based on the numerical analysis software Scilab and is a toolbox that gives their users the opportunity to obtain the end results of a circuit analysis but also the expressions obtained when derivative and integrals calculations, plot signals, obtain vector diagrams, etc. The toolbox runs entirely in the Moodle web platform and provides the same results as the standalone application. The students can use the toolbox through the web platform (in computers where they don't have installation privileges) or in their personal computers by installing both the Scilab software and the toolbox. This approach was designed for first year students from all engineering degrees that have electronics/electricity courses in their curricula.

Standard commercial education robotic platform: intermediate solution to teaching robotics

Teaching robotics to students at the beginning of their studies has become a huge challenge. Simulation environments can be an effective solution to that challenge where students can interact with simulated robots and have the first contact with robotic constraints. From our previous experience with simulation environments it was possible to observe that students with lower background knowledge in robotics where able to deal with a limited number of constraints, implement a simulated robotic platform and study several sensors. The question is: after this first phase what should be the best approach? Should the student start developing their own hardware? Hardware development is a very important part of an engineer's education but it can also be a difficult phase that could lead to discouragement and loss of motivation in some students. Considering the previous constraints and first year engineering students’ high abandonment rate it is important to develop teaching strategies to deal with this problem in a feasible way. The solution that we propose is the integration of a low-cost standard robotic platform WowWee Rovio as an intermediate solution between the simulation phase and the stage where the students can develop their own robots. This approach will allow the students to keep working in robotic areas such as: cooperative behaviour, perception, navigation and data fusion. The propose approach proved to be a motivation step not only for the students but also for the teachers. Students and teachers were able to reach an agreement between the level of demand imposed by the teachers and satisfaction/motivation of the students.

Autonomous guided vehicles applied to industrial engineering and management studies

This article presents a framework to an Industrial Engineering and Management Science course from School of Management and Industrial Studies using Autonomous Ground Vehicles (AGV) to supply materials to a production line as an experimental setup for the students to acquire knowledge in the production robotics area. The students must be capable to understand and put into good use several concepts that will be of utmost importance in their professional life such as critical decisions regarding the study, development and implementation of a production line. The main focus is a production line using AGVs, where the students are required to address several topics such as: sensors actuators, controllers and an high level management and optimization software. The presented framework brings to the robotics teaching community methodologies that allow students from different backgrounds, that normally don’t experiment with the robotics concepts in practice due to the big gap between theory and practice, to go straight to ”making” robotics. Our aim was to suppress the minimum start point level thus allowing any student to fully experience robotics with little background knowledge.

Integrating rich learning applications in LMS

Currently, a learning management system (LMS) plays a central role in any e-learning environment. These environments include systems to handle the pedagogic aspects of the teaching–learning process (e.g. specialized tutors, simulation games) and the academic aspects (e.g. academic management systems). Thus, the potential for interoperability is an important, although over looked, aspect of an LMS. In this paper, we make a comparative study of the interoperability level of the most relevant LMS. We start by defining an application and a specification model. For the application model, we create a basic application that acts as a tool provider for LMS integration. The specification model acts as the API that the LMS should implement to communicate with the tool provider. Based on researches, we select the Learning Tools Interoperability (LTI) from IMS. Finally, we compare the LMS interoperability level defined as the effort made to integrate the application on the study LMS.

Dimensionamento de Uma Cobertura em Elementos Estruturais de Aço Enformados a Frio

O presente relatório versa sobre a análise e dimensionamento de estruturas de aço enformadas a frio. Devido a serem estruturas de elevada esbelteza, frequentemente denominadas “estruturas de aço leve”, apresentam fenómenos de instabilidade tanto a nível local como global, sendo da perspetiva regulamentar abrangidas pelo Eurocódigo 3, nomeadamente pelas Partes 1-1, 1-3 e 1-5. A Parte 1-3 do Eurocódigo 3 diz respeito às regras suplementares de elementos de aço enformados a frio, na qual estão presentes as regras de dimensionamento, bem como as verificações de segurança que deverão ser aplicadas. Nesta, é possível ainda “fazer a ponte” com a Parte 1-1 do Eurocódigo 3, respetiva às regras gerais de projeto de estruturas de aço e com a Parte 1-5 do Eurocódigo 3 relativa a elementos estruturais constituídos por placas. Inicialmente, será realizado um estado da arte, onde será efetuado um enquadramento histórico, apresentando o processo de fabrico destes elementos e o tipo de elementos estruturais originados, concluindo-se com as vantagens/desvantagens dos perfis em aço enformados a frio. Os conceitos teóricos de estabilidade estrutural, os tipos de instabilidade mais comuns nestes elementos, bem como os tipos de análise destes fenómenos farão a ponte com o capítulo que se segue. Relativamente ao dimensionamento destes elementos, será dado enfâse às metodologias preconizadas pelo Eurocódigo 3, Parte 1-3. Este capítulo incidirá, entre outos, nas propriedades das secções transversais, na determinação da resistência destas, onde se contabilizará os efeitos das instabilidades locais de placa e distorcionais, na instabilidade global dos perfis e nas ligações entre os mesmos. Será analisada, posteriormente, a abordagem apresentada pela ECCS relativamente ao dimensionamento de madres travadas por painéis de cobertura. Neste capítulo será apresentada a metodologia para o dimensionamento de vigas com restrição à torção e à translação, bem como a resistência da secção transversal da madre e do seu banzo livre à encurvadura. Finalmente, e ao encontro do que foi proposto pela empresa CCAD-Serviços de Engenharia, Lda, efetuar-se-á o dimensionamento de uma cobertura de um edifício de distribuição, cobertura esta constituída por asnas treliçadas e madres simples. Neste dimensionamento foram consideradas as ações segundo o Regulamento de Segurança e Ações Para Estruturas de Edifícios e Pontes e o Eurocódigo 1, Parte 1-1 que diz respeito às Ações Gerais em Estruturas e Parte 1-4 respeitante às Ações do vento.

Severe Isolated Thrombocytopenia After Clopidogrel and Pentoxifylline Therapy: a Case Report

INTRODUCTION: Clopidogrel is frequently associated with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, however this drug is rarely related to severe isolated thrombocytopenia. Pentoxifylline has previously been associated with thrombocytopenia only once. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of severe isolated thrombocytopenia after therapy with both clopidogrel and pentoxyfilline. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 79-year-old Caucasian man who presented to our facility with intermittent claudication. He had obliterative arterial disease and started therapy with clopidogrel and pentoxifylline. His basal platelet count was 194 × 109 cells/L. At three days after the start of treatment, our patient had lower limb petechia and stopped taking clopidogrel and pentoxifylline. His platelet count lowered to 4 × 109 cells/L and our patient was admitted to hospital. Our patient had purpura with no other hemorrhages or splenomegaly. Results of a blood smear were normal, and a bone marrow study showed dysmegakaryopoiesis. Antiplatelet antibody test results were negative, as were all viral serology tests. Imaging study results were normal. Our patient was given immunoglobulin but there was no sustained platelet increase, so corticotherapy was started as the next treatment step. At five months after clopidogrel and pentoxifylline were discontinued, his platelet count continued increasing even after prednisolone was tapered. CONCLUSIONS: Severe isolated thrombocytopenia may appear as a side effect when using clopidogrel and pentoxifylline. These drugs are widely used by general physicians, internists, cardiologists and vascular surgeons. We hope this report will raise awareness of the need to monitor the platelet count in patients taking these drugs.

Orçamentação e Gestão da Reconstrução de uma Obra: Caso de estudo de um edifício

O presente relatório, desenvolvido no âmbito do estágio curricular realizado na Cociga-Construções Civis de Gaia, SA, tem como objetivo principal caracterizar as diversas etapas que constituem o desenvolvimento de uma obra, que consiste na reconstrução de um edifício. Para tal, procedeu-se à descrição e análise dos respetivos métodos organizacionais, construtivos e orçamentais aplicados na execução da obra para a Caetano Parts. O trabalho teve início com a caracterização da obra em questão e respetivo enquadramento espacial e regional. De seguida, foram descritas as principais etapas do desenvolvimento da obra, como concurso/adjudicação, preparação, contrato, execução e fecho da mesma. Não esquecendo que uma das tarefas mais importantes na fase inicial da obra, após a adjudicação, foi a organização da documentação necessária para que esta pudesse ter início. Na fase referente à execução, foram descritos de forma detalhada e acompanhados, em alguns casos, de registos de imagens, os procedimentos que constituíram as diferentes fases da obra, assim como os métodos construtivos correspondentes. O presente trabalho engloba o registo e a catalogação dos documentos necessários para as diferentes etapas da obra de reconstrução. Durante a realização das diferentes etapas e respetivo registo das mesmas, foi possível concluir que a boa qualidade da prestação de serviços por parte dos trabalhadores da empresa e dos subempreiteiros, possibilitou a concretização de uma obra com altos padrões de qualidade e de acordo com os objetivos do proprietário e da empresa responsável pela execução da mesma. Por último, a realização deste trabalho possibilitou o registo, análise e posterior reflexão sobre os procedimentos legais, logísticos e técnicos a ter em conta aquando da realização de uma obra e que são fatores fundamentais para que se possam manter os padrões de qualidade, rigor e sucesso da mesma.

Diabetic Foot Infections: Current Diagnosis and Treatment

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global epidemic, and diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of its most serious and costly complications. DFUs result from a complex interaction of a number of risk factors. Once the protective layer of skin is broken, deep tissues are exposed to bacterial infection that progresses rapidly. Patients with DFUs frequently require amputations of the lower limbs and, in more than half the cases, infection is the preponderant factor. Given the challenges of treating these complex infections, this paper aims to provide a hospital-based framework for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot infections (DFIs). We propose a treatment-oriented assessment of DFIs based on a cross-examination of the medical, foot, and wound history; a systemized and detailed physical examination; and the results of complementary diagnostic procedures. We stress the need for a clinical diagnosis of DFIs and the importance of microbiological evaluation for antibiotic therapy guidance. Regarding treatment, we propose a multidisciplinary approach prioritizing invasive infection drainage, necrosis debridement, and the prompt start of empirical antibiotic therapy, followed by complete and appropriate vascular reconstruction. For severe DFIs, we suggest that negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) be included in the treatment pathway. We also provide rules for managing particular situations, such as osteomyelitis. It is our hope that this protocol will improve the hospital management of DFIs and, ultimately, the prognosis of DFI patients.

Adaptação do programa PAC-Pórticos ao EC2 e sua integração com o conceito BIM

Atualmente existe uma grande variedade de programas de cálculo automático de estruturas de betão armado disponíveis no mercado, pois estes, cada vez mais, são inerentes ao desenvolvimento de cada projeto de estruturas. O PAC-Pórticos foi um dos primeiros a chegar ao mercado nacional surgindo no início da década de noventa. Foi totalmente desenvolvido em Portugal, tendo tido bastante sucesso nas suas vendas a nível nacional. O PAC-Pórticos não está preparado para operar diretamente nos mais recentes sistemas operativos nem foi programado para dimensionar os diversos elementos de betão armado seguindo os termos das normas mais recentes (Eurocódigos). O tema do presente trabalho vai de encontro aos atuais problemas do programa, assim sendo, definiu-se como primeiro objetivo a adaptação do PAC-Pórticos à regulamentação europeia para o betão armado. Numa 1ª fase, para a adaptação do PAC-Pórticos aos novos códigos, foi necessário estudar o programa em si, perceber o seu funcionamento e posteriormente realizar uma comparação entre a legislação para qual o software está programado, o Regulamento de Estruturas de Betão Armado e Pré-Esforçado (ainda em vigor) e a Norma Europeia correspondente a EN 1992-1-1 (Eurocódigo 2). Seguidamente, procedeu-se ao estudo e adaptação de todas as sub-rotinas de cálculo do PAC-Pórticos para o dimensionamento de vigas e pilares, tendo finalmente sido testado o novo código e comprovados os resultados obtidos com o mesmo. Na realização do presente trabalho, não foi ignorada a importância crescente da metodologia BIM que, nos dias de hoje, tende a ser implementada nos programas de cálculo de engenharia civil. Neste âmbito, o segundo objetivo é o de conseguir visualizar uma solução obtida do PAC-Pórticos numa qualquer ferramenta tridimensional BIM. Para tal, foram ponderadas várias hipóteses, mas optou-se por criar dois plug-in para o programa AutoCAD da Autodesk. O primeiro destes plug-in contempla o desenho das vigas e o segundo para os pilares, ambos em 3D e elaborados de forma automática.

Metodologia BIM aplicada à conceção e produção de uma estrutura metálica

Este relatório apresenta o estágio curricular relativo ao curso de mestrado em engenharia civil na área de especialização de estruturas. O estágio decorreu no grupo O Feliz, S.A, uma metalomecânica sedeada em Braga. No âmbito do estágio, foi efetuada uma pesquisa e de seguida um projeto real aplicando a metodologia Building Information Modeling. Inicialmente, será feita uma apresentação da empresa e definidos os objetivos propostos para o estágio. Seguidamente, será apresentada toda a pesquisa realizada sobre o BIM para poder, seguidamente, realizar um projeto real utilizando esta metodologia, proposta pela empresa. Posteriormente é apresentado o projeto realizado com a metodologia BIM e todo o seu processo até chegar à sua construção. Por último, são apresentadas algumas das obras que estavam em curso durante a realização do presente trabalho e que houve a oportunidade de acompanhar, refletindo a experiência adquirida na área, durante o desenvolvimento do estágio.

Induced Labor– Is There an Increased Risk of Perinatal Infection?

Objectives: To assess induced labor-associated perinatal infection risk at Hospital D.Estefânia from January to June of 2010 at Hospital de D. Estefânia’s delivery rooms, reviewing the indications for inducing labor as well as the techniques used. Material and Methods: Performing an historical prospective study searching the clinical processes as well as the mother and newborn’s computer database from January to June of 2010. An exposed and an unexposed group were created; the first group comprises pregnant women and their newborns whose labor was induced. The unexposed group is constituted by newborns and pregnant women whose labor was spontaneous. Labor induction was performed using intra-vaginal prostaglandins in women who didn’t start it spontaneously; perinatal infection was defined either clinically or using blood tests. The gestational age was ≥ 37 weeks for both groups. 19 variables were studied for both groups. Results: A total of 190 mother-newborn pairs were included: 55 in the exposed group and 135 in the unexposed group. 3 cases of perinatal infection were reported, two in the exposed group and one in the unexposed group. Preliminary data resulted in a perinatal infection rate of 3.6% in the exposed group and 0.7% in the unexposed group; preliminary data suggest that the risk of perinatal infection may be increased in up to 5-fold when labor is inducted. Conclusions: A larger series of patients and a multivariable analysis using logistic regression are both necessary in order to perform a more thorough assessment of labor induction’s role in perinatal infection risk. One must also try to distinguish labor inducing- and clinical practicesrelated factors.

Ocular Toxoplasmosis Reactivation During Pregnancy – A Case Report

Introduction: Toxoplasmosis is caused by Toxoplasma gondii and may be acquired from food or water contaminated with cat feces or by vertical transmission. Severe fetal complications can overcome during pregnancy. There are also rare case-reports of congenital toxoplasmosis from previously immunized pregnant women; usually these women being had prior retinal toxoplasmic lesions. Immunosuppresion is one of the risk factors which accounts for some of these cases. Case report: 30 year-old pregnant woman, OI 2002, brazilian, previously healthy, admitted in Ophtalmology Department because of sudden left eye amaurosis in June, 2010. The fundoscopy revealed retinal scars suggesting previous infections; she was treated with corticoids and spiramycin for ocular toxoplasmosis reactivation. Previous serum analysis (2008) showed immunity to T. Gondii, but in July the IgM was negative and high levels of specific IgG were found (1227UI/mL). The serologic findings were later confirmed by a more accurate laboratory technique which found the IgM to be also positive. An amniocentesis was performed and it was negative for fetal transmission. Clinical and ultrasound follow-up throughout the rest of the gestational period was normal; daily spiramycin intake was maintained. An uneventful term delivery was performed. Neither the newborn’s serum analysis nor the histopathological study of the placenta were positive for congenital infection. Conclusion: Toxoplasmosis reactivation in pregnant women without immunosuppression is rare but is more likely to occur if previous post-infectious retinal scars are present. T. gondii infection is endemic in Brazil, so the geographical origin is important. If risk factors are present, fundoscopy should be performed every three months during pregnancy and one should always be aware of any visual symptoms. If you suspect reactivation, start medical prophylaxis for fetal transmission, perform amniocentesis and regular ultrasound follow-up.

Cardmobili: innovation technology in everyday life

The developments of the internet, the proliferation of the use of Web 2.0 tools, and of the technology in general, are leveraging new ways of people to communicate, collaborate, and interact. This new world and new markets, in a daily change, are enabling the emergence of new innovative enterprises and services, taking advantage of the new technologies and of the global network. Cardmobili is a Portuguese start-up company working in the area of mobile services. This company provides a mobile service to manage rewards and membership cards, enabling users to store them in the cloud, while using mobile applications to present them in store, collecting and using the rewards, sharing cards and information with other users and friends in social networks. Cardmobili is linked to merchants’ loyalty management systems, enabling users to access exclusive offers, delivered to their mobile application and web account. The company provides complete services to make any loyalty or membership program mobile: branding, new customer registration, integration of customer account balance, mobile vouchers, coupons and offers, and mobile communication.

Ontology methodology building criteria for crowdsourcing innovation intermediaries

Crowdsourcing innovation intermediaries are organizations that mediate the communication and relationship between companies that aspire to solve some problem or to take advantage of any business opportunity with a crowd that is prone to give ideas based on their knowledge, experience and wisdom. A significant part of the activity of these intermediaries is carried out by using a web platform that takes advantage of web 2.0 tools to implement its capabilities. Thus, ontologies are presented as an appropriate strategy to represent the knowledge inherent to this activity and therefore the accomplishment of interoperability between machines and systems. In this paper we present an ontology roadmap for developing crowdsourcing innovation ontology of the intermediation process. We start making a literature review on ontology building, analyze and compare ontologies that propose the development from scratch with the ones that propose reusing other ontologies, and present the criteria for selecting the methodology. We also review enterprise and innovation ontologies known in literature. Finally, are taken some conclusions and presented the roadmap for building crowdsourcing innovation intermediary ontology.

A escolha da escola: motivos da escolha da escola na transição para o 10º ano

A escolha da escola depende de uma multiplicidade de fatores. Desde logo os aspetos legais que determinam em que condições se pode fazer esta escolha. Depois aspetos ligados às pessoas, sejam eles de natureza académica, profissional ou outros relacionados com a perspetiva de futuro. De que forma alguns destes aspetos estão envolvidos no processo de escolha é o que este projeto pretende determinar. Quais são em termos gerais os aspetos que se consideram mais importantes para as escolhas, e em particular o que leva os alunos do Agrupamento de Escolas de Oliveira do Douro n.º1, a escolher ficar na escola secundária do agrupamento ou sair dela para prosseguir estudos no ensino secundário? Percebidos esses aspetos, importa iniciar um processo de mudança que leve os alunos a preferirem o agrupamento a outras escolas.