Incisional hernia at the insertion site of the laparoscopic trocar: case report and review of the literature

Laparoscopic operations offer a myriad of advantages resulting in a rapid postoperative recovery. Incisional hernia is an uncommon cause of morbidity in operative procedures performed by laparoscopic access, and the diagnosis may not be easily made. In our service we identified 2 patients with incisional hernia the site of trocar insertion. The records of these 2 cases were reviewed. We report on these 2 cases and present a review of the literature.

The effect of the presence of muscle tissue in a bone healing site

PURPOSE: The recovery of a bone fracture is a process that is not yet fully understood. The literature conflicts on the results obtained by the interposition of foreign tissue inside a damaged bone. The objective of the present study was to ascertain the effect of placing muscle tissue between the stumps of a fractured bone. METHOD: The study was carried out on 10 rabbits divided into 2 groups (n = 5): Group 1-partial fracture of the humerus and interposition of muscle tissue; Group 2-complete fracture of the humerus and interposition of muscle tissue. The fractured limb of all animals was immobilized for 8 weeks. At the end of this time, the rabbits were killed and their operated humeri were carefully removed for roentgenological and histological assessment. RESULTS: All humeri of Group 1 recovered their integrity and normal aspect. However, the healing of the humeri of Group 2 was not perfect. Gross angulation of the bone diaphysis occurred in all animals, and immature trabecular bone, osteochondral tissue, and persistence of muscle tissue substituted normal bone. CONCLUSIONS: Interposed muscle does not affect partial bone fracture healing but causes instability in a complete fracture.

Going Public: Conservation of Contemporary Artworks. Between Backstage and Frontstage in Contemporary Art Museums

In museum studies and history of art, what happens behind the scenes of museums stays relatively unseen and unspoken about. In the arts, generally speaking, what is dismissed as irrelevant (e.g. the realm of practices) is deliberately detached from what is thought to really matter; theory, discourse, content and meaning. Up till recently, backstage activities such as conservation practices are merely discussed among specialists and museum professionals. Only the outcomes of these discussions are sometimes – if at all – explicitly communicated to a larger public. Studies into the practices of contemporary art conservation however show that practices behind the scenes play an important role in the perpetuation of these artworks. What happens behind the scenes in terms of conservation has, in several ways, important effects on the ongoing life of these artworks in a museum context. Conservation practices, I argue, should therefore become a necessary part of museum studies and history of art. How can the working practices of conservators become more visible and transparent to a diversity of audiences, including researchers? And what does this mean in terms of research methodology?

The perfect paint in modern art conservation: a comparative study of 21st century vinyl emulsions

Contemporary painting places, and will continue to place, several questions about its meaning, its chemical nature, its durability and the best way to preserve it. This research aims at putting together comprehensive data on vinyl based paints, including their components, their properties, their aging behavior and their response to selected cleaning products. In this project degradation mechanisms of vinyl binders and formulations used in the 20th and 21st century were studied. Stability over time of selected vinyl polymers was assessed through natural indoor and artificially aging. The objective was to enhance knowledge and understanding of vinyl emulsion formulations and their performance over time. Overall conservation state of pictorial layers namely, adhesion, cohesion and discoloration of selected case studies from the Portuguese artist Julião Sarmento (b.1948) was correlated with the observed molecular level changes studied in laboratory experiments. Sarmento’s paintings were chosen due to conservation concerns (discoloration) on some of his works from the 90’s. Besides, research was carried out to start increasing the knowledge of what can be expected of PVAc based paints in terms of response to conservation treatments namely, surface cleaning. Artificial aging showed that the most recent formulations which are based on a poly(vinyl acetate), poly(vinyl chloride) and polyethylene terpolymer are less stable when compared to some homopolymer formulations. From the four pigments studied, titanium dioxide rutile and a carbon based black proved to be stabilizers for both types of polymer. The mixture lithopone plus calcium carbonate has showed to have a photocatalytic effect on the binders. The studied paintings showed to be in an overall good state of conservation except for the paintings created in the 90’s with white glue and a mixture of white lithoponeand calcium carbonate. Discoloration of this white paint seems to be irreversible and ongoing and is still a major concern. The disapearance of the plasticizer was the only change detected. The current works created by Sarmento are expected to be more stable as they were painted using the rutile titanium dioxide. Immersion/cleaning tests showed that vinyl based paints can be susceptible to water and organic solvents like ethanol as some evidences point to the removal/diffusion of additives from the paint. The observations made point to the need to further proceed in this research field.

Late-medieval construction site management at the Monastery of Jerónimos in Lisbon

Through the analysis of the exceptional accounting documents of 1517 related to the construction of the Monastery of Jerónimos (Lisbon), this paper discusses the main characteristics of a new model of construction site organization. In the later Middle Ages we can find, among others, two main models of constructing site organization. One, older and more widespread, consisted in a centralized and pyramidal management model. The other, apparently more recent, was based in the existence of several autonomous teams working simultaneously, each one responsible for building a specific part or section of the building. This paper describes and discusses this new organizational model as it was adopted and implemented by João de Castilho (1470–1552) for the construction of the Monastery of Jerónimos in 1517, probably for the first time in Portugal, but with some parallels in other places in Europe.

Assessment and management of the geomorphological heritage of Monte Pindo (NW Spain): a landscape as a symbol of identity

This study focuses on the granite mountain known as Monte Pindo (627 m above sea level) in the Autonomous Community of Galicia (NW Spain). This territory is included in the area classified as “Costa da Morte” in the “Politica de Ordenación Litoral” (POL) (Coastal Planning Policy) for the region of Galicia. This coastal unit, located between “Rías Baixas” and “Cape Fisterra” has great potential for demonstrating geological processes and its geomorphological heritage is characterized by a high degree of geodiversity of granite landforms. The main objective of our work is to assess the geomorphological heritage of the site, thus revealing its wide geodiversity. We shall analyze and highlight: its scientific value, developing an inventory of granite landforms; its educational valuel and its geotouristic potential. It must be ensured that the Administration understands that natural diversity is composed of both geodiversity and biodiversity. Only then will the sustainable management of Monte Pindo become possible by integrating natural and cultural heritage values. The goal is to ensure that Monte Pindo and its immediate surroundings become a geopark with the aim of promoting local development projects based on the conservation and valorization of its geological heritage.

The influence of the conservation status and changes in the rainfall regime on forest-savanna mosaic dynamics in Northern Brazilian Amazonia

Coupled carbon/climate models are predicting changes in Amazon carbon and water cycles for the near future, with conversion of forest into savanna-like vegetation. However, empirical data to support these models are still scarce for Amazon. Facing this scenario, we investigated whether conservation status and changes in rainfall regime have influenced the forest-savanna mosaic over 20 years, from 1986 to 2006, in a transitional area in Northern Amazonia. By applying a spectral linear mixture model to a Landsat-5-TM time series, we identified protected savanna enclaves within a strictly protected nature reserve (Maracá Ecological Station - MES) and non-protected forest islands at its outskirts and compared their areas among 1986/1994/2006. The protected savanna enclaves decreased 26% in the 20-years period at an average rate of 0.131 ha year-1, with a greater reduction rate observed during times of higher precipitation, whereas the non-protected forest islands remained stable throughout the period of study, balancing the encroachment of forests into the savanna during humid periods and savannization during reduced rainfall periods. Thus, keeping favorable climate conditions, the MES conservation status would continue to favor the forest encroachment upon savanna, while the non-protected outskirt areas would remain resilient to disturbance regimes. However, if the increases in the frequency of dry periods predicted by climate models for this region are confirmed, future changes in extension and directions of forest limits will be affected, disrupting ecological services as carbon storage and the maintenance of local biodiversity.

Ex situ collection of Limonium spp.: cytogenetic and reproductive characterization for the conservation of rare species

Dissertação mestrado em Biologia Molecular, Biotecnologia e Bioempreendedorismo em Plantas

Exploring silk based biomaterials functionalized with antimicrobial peptides to prevent surgical site infections

Surgical site infections (SSI) often occur after invasive surgery, which is as a serious health problem, making it important to develop new biomaterials to prevent infections. Spider silk is a natural biomaterial with excellent biocompatibility, low immunogenicity and controllable biodegradability. Through recombinant DNA technology, spider silk-based materials can be bioengineered and functionalized with antimicrobial (AM) peptides 1. The aim of this study is to develop new materials by combining spider silk chimeric proteins with AM properties and silk fibroin extracted from Bombyx mori cocoons to prevent microbial infection. Here, spider silk domains derived from the dragline sequence of the spider Nephila clavipes (6 mer and 15 mer) were fused with the AM peptides Hepcidin and Human Neutrophil peptide 1 (HNP1). The spider silk domain maintained its self-assembly features allowing the formation of beta-sheets to lock in structures without any chemical cross-linking. The AM properties of the developed chimeric proteins showed that 6 mer + HNP1 protein had a broad microbicidal activity against pathogens. The 6 mer + HNP-1 protein was then assembled with different percentages of silk fibroin into multifunctional films. In vitro cell studies with a human fibroblasts cell line (MRC5) showed nontoxic and cytocompatible behavior of the films. The positive cellular response, together with structural properties, suggests that this new fusion protein plus silk fibroin may be good candidates as multifunctional materials to prevent SSI.

As particularidades do jornalismo online ao serviço das preferências dos leitores: análise dos elementos multimédia no site Maisfutebol

Dissertação de mestrado em Ciências da Comunicação (área de especialização em Informação e Jornalismo)

Analysis of the Prevalence of Ventricular Late Potentials in the Late Phase of Myocardial Infarction Based on the Site of Infarction

OBJECTIVE: The initial site of myocardial infarction (MI) may influence the prevalence of ventricular late potentials (VLP), high-frequency signals, due to the time course of ventricular activation. The prevalence of VLP in a period of more than 2 years after acute MI was assessed focusing on the initially injured wall . METHODS: The prevalence of VLP in a late phase after MI (median of 924 days) in anterior/antero-septal and inferior/infero-dorsal wall lesion was analyzed using signal-averaged electrocardiogram in time domain. The diagnostic performance of the filters employed for analysis on was tested at high-pass cut-off frequencies of 25 Hz, 40 Hz and 80 Hz. RESULTS: The duration of the ventricular activation and its terminal portion were larger in inferior than anterior infarction, at high-pass cut-off frequencies of 40 Hz and 80 Hz. In patients with ventricular tachycardia, these differences were more remarked. The prevalence of ventricular late potentials was three times greater in inferior than anterior infarction. CONCLUSION: Late after myocardial infarction, the prevalence and the duration of ventricular late potentials are greater in lesions of inferior/infero-dorsal than anterior/antero-septal wall confirming their temporal process, reflecting their high-frequency content.

Percepción y uso de flora y fauna por parte de los pobladores del sistema Laguna Mar Chiquita - Bañados del Río Dulce y área de influencia: diagnóstico e implicaciones para la conservación. Perception and use of flora and fauna by people of the system "Laguna Mar Chiquita - Bañados del Río Dulce" and it influence area: diagnosis and conservation implications.

La percepción, consumo y manejo de recursos naturales forma parte del conocimiento tradicional de distintas poblaciones humanas e involucra diversidad de actividades (recolección de plantas, caza y pesca, etc). Entre los vegetales, el uso de plantas medicinales se destaca por su persistencia y ubicuidad. El recurso animal, a través de la caza y la pesca, es fundamental como fuente de alimento y empleo. El sistema Mar Chiquita-Bañados del Río Dulce se destaca por su biodiversidad y la existencia de prácticas tradicionales de uso. La presión por conversión de ambientes naturales a tierras dedicadas al cultivo es fuerte, afectando principalmente a los bosques autóctonos, y las especies animales que en él habitan. Además, la desaparición de ambientes naturales conlleva la pérdida de prácticas tradicionales de uso, con la consiguiente deculturación. El presente trabajo evaluará la percepción y utilización de recursos naturales por los pobladores del área de influencia de Bañados del Río Dulce y Laguna Mar Chiquita, centrándose en plantas medicinales, peces, aves y mamíferos, a la vez de indagar sobre la diversidad de percepciones y conductas de apropiación de los recursos, dado que en la región coexisten diferentes pautas socio-culturales de acuerdo al grupo de procedencia. Como metodología básica para la recolección de datos de percepción y uso se utilizarán encuestas semi-estructuradas. Sobre el origen étnico y lazos sociales se relevarán de fuentes escritas sobre procedencia, pautas de elección de pareja y formas de residencia. Los muestreos de fauna a campo se realizarán al azar estratificados en pastizal, bosque, y áreas relacionadas a humedales en busca de huellas, heces y señales de la presencia de especies animales focales, a la vez de prospección visual y auditiva. Los datos obtenidos acerca del conocimiento y uso del ambiente se presentarán y analizarán mediante técnicas específicas para análisis de datos antropológicos cualitativos y madiante ANOVA. Los datos sobre origen y lazos serán analizados según indicadores de endogamia geográfica e indicadores de endogamia reproductiva. Los datos de presencia de las especies se utilizarán para desarrollar modelos de distribución regional y de nicho ecológico. Se espera caracterizar en forma diferencial la percepción y uso del ambiente de acuerdo al origen o área de residencia, a la vez de generar mapas de distribución de especies focales. Asimismo, se propondrán acciones de conservación de la biodiversidad, tales como cartillas o talleres tendientes a reforzar y re-significar los conocimientos locales sobre el uso de flora y fauna.

Diseño y evaluación de alternativas de manejo sustentable para la recuperación y conservación de bosques degradados de la región del Espinal en la provincia de Córdoba. Design and evaluation of sustainable management alternatives for the recovery and conservation of degraded forest in the Espinal Region in Córdoba province.

El avance de la frontera agropecuaria y la urbanización han reducido la superficie boscosa del Espinal en Córdoba a fragmentos que son sumamente valiosos como relictos del ambiente original del Algarrobal y como barreras frente a la acción erosiva del agua y los vientos. Por su estructura, degradada y enmarañada, el productor agropecuario generalmente los visualiza como una molestia ya que le restan superficie apta para el cultivo y resultan poco aprovechables para el pastoreo de los animales. Bajo pautas de manejo adecuadas estos bosquecillos podrían rehabilitarse para el aprovechamiento del ganado y otros usos complementarios. Para que el productor local cuente con herramientas de manejo sustentable de sus recursos naturales es necesario generar información confiable para la zona. En ese contexto, se plantea la siguiente Hipótesis General: Existen alternativas de manejo que, aplicadas sobre los bosques del Espinal, permiten recuperar y conservar la biodiversidad a la vez que mejoran la rentabilidad del productor. El Objetivo General es diseñar y evaluar, en términos ecológicos, tecnológicos y socio-económicos, alternativas de manejo sustentable de bosques degradados del Espinal de la provincia de Córdoba tendientes a su recuperación y conservación. El proyecto se localizará en el bosque fragmentado del Campo Escuela de la FCA-UNC. Se establecerán parcelas con distintos niveles de cobertura arbustiva en las que se medirán el efecto de los arbustos sobre la regeneración de especies arbóreas deseables, la producción y calidad de la pastura, el crecimiento de los árboles y las condiciones edáficas del sistema. Además, la incidencia del ganado vacuno sobre la regeneración de especies arbóreas deseables, la riqueza y abundancia de especies forrajeras deseables y las condiciones edáficas del sistema. Se hará enriquecimiento con plantines de tres especies de Prosopis tanto en el bosque con distintos anchos de fajas como en suelo desmontado, para evaluar su comportamiento. También se probará la diseminación y establecimiento posterior de estas especies por medio de la ingesta del ganado vacuno. Se relevarán especies medicinales, aromáticas, melíferas, tintóreas y ornamentales nativas, y se las valorará económicamente según su uso actual y potencial en esta y otras zonas de la provincia y el país. Se efectuará la caracterización socio-económica y ambiental del área circundante al Campo Escuela y mediante encuestas se determinará el grado de valorización del bosque que tienen los pobladores zonales. Se realizará el análisis económico y financiero del sistema propuesto versus el sistema sin proyecto, considerando bienes producidos y servicios ambientales del bosque y se socializará el proyecto a través de encuestas y reuniones participativas con los productores zonales. Para el análisis de toda la información se usará el software INFOSTAT 2007. Se harán tablas y gráficos de estadística descriptiva para visualizar la distribución de datos. Se usará análisis de correlación, análisis de regresión lineal múltiple, ANAVA y test a posteriori. Se espera generar pautas preliminares de manejo, sencillas y económicas, fácilmente adoptables por los productores de la región, que aseguren la persistencia de estos fragmentos boscosos, relictos de la vegetación original del Espinal.

Domesticación y conservación de plantas nativas del centro de Argentina con potencial de usos múltiples. Domestication and conservation of native plants from central Argentine with multiple potential uses.

Con el retroceso de los bosques nativos se pierden hábitats y recursos fitogenéticos. Existen investigaciones científicas, técnicas y rescate de saberes populares sobre el aprovechamiento de especies autóctonas, búsqueda de productos derivados y servicios ambientales. Entre ellos se destacan estudios locales sobre principios activos con actividad pesticida y medicinal y el uso en paisajismo, mejoramiento ambiental y remediación de paisajes degradados. La información para propagar muchas especies nativas cuyo uso se promueve, no existe o no está calibrada para escala de cultivos intensivos. Este proyecto se enfoca sobre cuatro especies endémicas o nativas de Espinal y Chaco, que tienen gran valor de conservación y son promisorias por su potencial simultáneo de aplicación paisajística y para elaboración de pesticidas. La meta es promover la conservación regional de flora nativa a través del uso, con estrategias in situex situ en áreas urbanas, industriales y rurales. Los objetivos específicos son a-Conservar y caracterizar muestras de las especies Flourensia oolepis, Dolichandra cynanchoides, Lepechinia floribunda y Achyrocline satureioides en el Banco Activo de Germoplasma del Jardín Botánico Gaspar Xuárez sj de la UCC; b-Estudiar la propagación y cultivo de dichas especies y c- Transferir información y capacitar recursos humanos en técnicas de cultivo intensivo ambientalmente sustentable. La metodología contempla: a- Recolección georreferenciada de germoplasma a campo, que se conservará acondicionado en el Banco; b- Caracterización y evaluación de calidad de semillas en laboratorio siguiendo normas internacionales ISTA (peso de mil semillas, poder germinativo y viabilidad) y c- Calibración de protocolos de propagación sexual y cultivo en vivero (variables de supervivencia, sustratos, inóculos). La capacitación de recursos humanos se hará mediante pasantías y talleres de capacitación en el marco del Jardín Botánico y transferencia de información a viveristas, emprendedores y paisajistas. Como productos se esperan 40 nuevas accesiones al Banco y su correspondiente evaluación de calidad de semillas, protocolos de métodos de propagación y cultivo, la realización de un taller de capacitación y una pasantía al año y la publicación de resultados. La pertinencia de estudiar la domesticación de estas especies surge frente a su potencial de uso para múltiples fines y frente al poco desarrollo que aún presenta el sector de producción intensiva de especies nativas. Se espera que la información generada sirva de base, tanto para aportar materias primas y avanzar regionalmente en el desarrollo agroindustrial de pesticidas naturales, como para la provisión de ejemplares cultivados con técnicas conservativas de variabilidad y viabilidad genética para intervenciones paisajistas en áreas urbanas y remediación de paisajes, evitando la extracción directa del recurso.