Analyse bibliométrique de la contribution des postdoctorants canadiens à l’avancement des connaissances

Au Canada, les chercheurs postdoctoraux font face à de nombreux défis qui découlent d’une carence dans leur prise en charge par le système d'éducation supérieure. Puisque leurs données ne sont pas gérées de façon centralisée, leur population et leur contribution au système de recherche demeurent imprécises. Cette étude présente une analyse bibliométrique sur la production scientifique des stagiaires postdoctoraux financés par les organismes subventionnaires fédéraux canadiens et de la province de Québec de 2004 à 2008 (N = 3 454). Les résultats montrent que ces postdoctorants ont en moyenne une productivité égale ou supérieure à celle des doctorants et des membres du corps professoral québécois et que leur impact scientifique est supérieur à celui des deux autres groupes. On observe aussi que les postdoctorants ayant réalisé leur stage aux États-Unis présentent des indicateurs de productivité et d’impact plus élevés.

How Gene Patents May Inhibit Scientific Research

Commentaire / Commentary

Studying Your Own Country. Social Scientific Knowledge For Our Times and Places; Presidential Address to the Canadian Political Science Association, St Catharines, May 28, 2014

Political science is both a generalizing and an anchored, nationally defined, discipline. Too often, the first perspective tends to crowd out the latter, because it appears more prestigious, objective, or scientific. Behind the international/national dichotomy, there are indeed rival conceptions of social science, and important ontological, epistemological and methodological assumptions. This article discusses these assumptions and stresses the critical contribution of idiographic, single-outcome studies, the importance of producing relevant, usable knowledge, and the distinctive implications of studying one’s own country, where a scholar is also a citizen, involved in more encompassing national conversations. The aim is not to reject the generalizing, international perspective, or even the comparative approach, but rather to reaffirm the importance of maintaining as well, and in fact celebrating, the production of social scientific knowledge directly relevant for our own times and places.

Contributions of local, lateral and contextual habitat variables to explaining variation in fisheries productivity metrics in the littoral zone of a reservoir

Puisque l’altération des habitats d’eau douce augmente, il devient critique d’identifier les composantes de l’habitat qui influencent les métriques de la productivité des pêcheries. Nous avons comparé la contribution relative de trois types de variables d’habitat à l’explication de la variance de métriques d’abondance, de biomasse et de richesse à l’aide de modèles d’habitat de poissons, et avons identifié les variables d’habitat les plus efficaces à expliquer ces variations. Au cours des étés 2012 et 2013, les communautés de poissons de 43 sites littoraux ont été échantillonnées dans le Lac du Bonnet, un réservoir dans le Sud-est du Manitoba (Canada). Sept scénarios d’échantillonnage, différant par l’engin de pêche, l’année et le moment de la journée, ont été utilisés pour estimer l’abondance, la biomasse et la richesse à chaque site, toutes espèces confondues. Trois types de variables d’habitat ont été évalués: des variables locales (à l’intérieur du site), des variables latérales (caractérisation de la berge) et des variables contextuelles (position relative à des attributs du paysage). Les variables d’habitat locales et contextuelles expliquaient en moyenne un total de 44 % (R2 ajusté) de la variation des métriques de la productivité des pêcheries, alors que les variables d’habitat latérales expliquaient seulement 2 % de la variation. Les variables les plus souvent significatives sont la couverture de macrophytes, la distance aux tributaires d’une largeur ≥ 50 m et la distance aux marais d’une superficie ≥ 100 000 m2, ce qui suggère que ces variables sont les plus efficaces à expliquer la variation des métriques de la productivité des pêcheries dans la zone littorale des réservoirs.

Further studies on the process of coastal upwelling along the south west coast of India - possible correlations with biological productivity

An attempt is made to study the possible relationship between the process of upwelling and zooplankton biomass in the shelf weters along the south west coast of India between Cape comorin and Ratnagiri based on oceanographic and Zooplankton data collected by the erstwhile FAO/UNDP Pelagic Fishery Project,Cochin between 1973 and 1978. Different factors such as the depth from which the bottom waters are induced upwards during the process of upwelling,the depth to which the bottom waters are drawn, vertical velocity of upwelling and the resultant zooplankton productivity were considered while arriving at the deductions. Except for nutrients and phytoplankton productivity, for which simultaneous data is lacking, all the major factors were taken into consideration before cocluding- xon positive/negative correlation.

Contribution of size fractions of planktonic algae to primary organic productivity in the coastal waters of Cochin- south west coast of lndia

This thesis entitled “Contribution of size fractions of planktonic algae to primary organic productivity in the coastal waters of cochin,south west coast of india”. Marine ecosystems planktonic algae are the most important primary producers on wliich considerable attention is being given on account of their supreme status in the marine food chain.The study of primary production in the Indian Ocean started With DANA (I928-30),, John Murray t I933-34). Discovery ( I934) and Albatross (I947-48) expeditions which tried to evaluate productivity from nutrients and standing crop of phytoplankton .The bioproductivity of the marine environment is dependent on various primary producers. ranging in size from picoplankton to larger macro phytoplankton. The quantity and quality of various size fractions of planktonic algae at any locality depend mainly on the hydrographic conditions of the area .In the coastal waters of Cochin- south west coast of lndia. Planktonic algal community is composed mainly of the diatoms, the dinoflagellates, the blue-green algae and the silicoflagellates, the former two contributing the major flora and found distributed in the all size fractions. The maximum number of species of diatoms at station 1 and station 2 was found in the pre-monsoon season.. The size groups of planktonic algae greater than 53 um are dominated by filamentous- chain forming and colonial diatoms. The coastal waters of Cochin. planktonic algae less than 53 um in size contribute significantly to primary productivity and the biodiversity of the microflora, indicating the presence of rich fishery resources in the south west coast of india.The study of different size fractions of planktonic algae and their relative contribution to the primary organic production is a useful tool for the estimation of the quantity and quality of fisheries.A deeper investigation on the occurrence of these microalgae and proper identification of their species would be of immense help for the assessment of the specificity and magnitude of fishery resources.

Journal Productivity in Fishery Science - An Informetric Analysis

This thesis Entitled Journal productivity in fishery science an informetric analysis.The analyses and formulating results of the study, the format of the thesis was determined. The thesis is divided into different chapters mentioned below. Chapter 1 gives an overview on the topic of research. Introduction gives the relevance of topic, define the problem, objectives of the study, hypothesis, methods of data collection, analysis and layout of the thesis. Chapter 2 provides a detailed account of the subject Fishery science and its development. A comprehensive outline is given along with definition, scope, classification, development and sources of information.Method of study used in this research and its literature review form the content of this chapter. Chapter 4 Details of the method adopted for collecting samples for the study, data collection and organization of the data are given. The methods are based on availability of data, period and objectives of the research undertaken.The description, analyses and the results of the study are covered in this chapter.

Studies on the Hydrobiology and pollution of the Vembanad Lake and adjacent waters

The Thesis deals with the entire estuarine system in totality on several parameters related to hydrography, ecology of biota, productivity and also the effects of pollution. The objective of this study has been to review the systems physical, chemical and biological features through varying periods of time at locations where human interference is high so that an overall assessment of the changing ecology could be made so as to impress on the scientific community whether remedial measures could be undertaken in sensitive areas. It is also the objective of this study to point out thrust areas where concerted efforts from a larger body of scientists and administrators who can sit together and chalk out programmes for a co-operative endeavor in monitoring the most sensitive areas and also suggest ways and means to exploit the rich and diverse resources at optimum levels with emphasis on conservation and protection from environmental degradation resulting in depletion of resources. Areas also have been identified which are potentially more productive where aquaculture could be intensified

Studies on the effect of selected metals on the productivity of two species of algae

The thesis embodies the results of a study on the variations in the parameters of productivity of two test species, a chlorophycean alga and a diatom. The chlorophycean alga Scenedesmus abundans was isolated from a fresh water pond whereas the diatom Nitzschia clausii was from the Cochin backwaters. Their growth parameters and their variations due to the effect of addition of some heavy metals have been studied. The growth parameters include biomass, production, respiration, photosynthetic pigments and end products of photosynthesis. The cell numbers were estimated by using a haemocytometer and production and respiration by oxygen light and dark technique. Spectrophotometric analysis for pigments, anthrone method for carbohydrate and heated biuret method for protein were the different methods employed in the present investigation. The present study is confined to nickel, cobalt, trivalent and hexavalent chromium. Different metals are discharged from various industries in and around Cochin. The effects of these metals individually and in combination are studied. Experiments to determine the effects of interaction of metals in combination enabled the assessment of the antagonistic and synergistic effect of metals on test species. The concentration or accumulation of metals on algae was determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The thesis has been divided into seven chapters. The introductory chapter explains the relevance of the present investigation. Chapter two presents the review of literature based on the work in relation to toxicity. Third chapter gives a detailed description of the material and specialized methods followed for the study. The effects of various metals selected for study - nickel, cobalt, trivalent and hexavalent chromium on the qualitative and quantitative aspects of productivity forms the subject of matter of the fourth chapter. The fifth chapter gives the impact of metals in combination on two species of algae. A general discussion and summary are included in the sixth and seventh chapters

Personnel Management Practices in the Kerala based Scheduled commercial Banks

The thesis entitled Personnel Management Practices in the Kerala-Based Scheduled Commercial Banks. Personnel management function is of cardinal importance, requiring a sophisticated and scientific approach. In a labour-intensive, service industry like banking. Productivity and ultimate profitability of the entire organization depend considerably on the effectiveness with which personnel management function is executed; and the prudence with which personnel problems are handle. The main objectives of the study are to understand the current status of personnel management functions in the banks and to evaluate the practices in the light of the principles and theories of personnel management so as to identify the strengths and weaknesses. The universe of this study is the eight Scheduled Commercial Banks based in Kerala. The major limitation of the study is that as State Bank of Travancore, the lone public sector bank based in Kerala did not grant permission for collection of data, this study had to be confined to private sector banks only. Almost the entire data used for this study are primary and were collected from the files and other records or the concerned banks. This report has chapters dealing with the functional areas of personnel management such as determination of human resource requirements, recruitment and selection, training and development, performance appraisal, promotions and compensation. Findings reveal that the practice of personnel management in the Kerala-based private sector scheduled commercial banks has not gained a degree of sophistication compatible with its role in modern business management.

Studies on the ecology and productivity of saline lagoon

A perusal of the literature shows that most of the earlier works on the ecology and productivity from the Indian waters have been confined to the estuarine ecosystms and contiguous neritic and oceanic water bodies. Although some information is available on certain aspects of the envirornental parameters from the ‘coastal lagoon ecosystem‘, there is hardly any indepth study on the ecological and productivity problems from "derlict saline lagoonal environment" in India . In view of this, the researcher undertook a study on the subject "ecology and productivity“ of a typical “coastal saline lagoon"(Pilla;headan lagoon) situated along the southeast coast of India for a period of two years!-N11, 1982 to June, 1984) , and the results of the investigations are embodied in the present thesis entitled "studies on the ecology and productivity of saline lagoon‘.

Inter- State Variations in Productivity trends and Technological Change in Indian industry

The present study entitled ‘Inter-State Variations in Manufacturing Productivity and Technological Changes in India’ covers a period of 38 years from l960 tol998-99. The study is mainly based on ASI data. The study starts with a discussion of the major facilitating factors of industrialization, namely, historical forces, public policy and infrastructure facilities. These are discussed in greater details in the context of our discussion on Perrox’s (1998) ‘growth pole’ and ‘development pole’, Hirschman’s (1958) ‘industrial centers’ and Myrdal’s ‘spread effect’ Most of the existing literature more or less agrees that the process of industrialization has not been unifonn in all Indian states. There has been a decline in inter-state industrial disparities over time. This aspect is dealt at some length in the third chapter. An important element that deserves detailed attention is the intra-regional differences in industrialisation. Regional industrialisation implies the emergence of a few focal points and industrial regions. Calcutta, Bombay and Madras were the initial focal points. Later other centers like Bangalore, Amritsar, Ahemedabad etc. emerged as nodal points in other states. All major states account for focal points. The analysis made in the third chapter shows that industrial activities generally converge to one or two focal points and industrial regions have emerged out of the focal points in almost all states. One of the general features of these complexes and regions is that they approximately accommodate 50 to 75 percent of the total industrial units and workers in the state. Such convergence is seen hands in glow with urbanization. It was further seen that intra-regional industrial disparity comes down in industrial states like Maharashtra, Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh.

Teak plantations in kerala an analysis of productivity and profitability

Teak plantations were initiated in Kerala in 1842, and extended almost continuously. Among plantations raised by the Forest Department, teak occupies the largest area and a substantial asset base has been created. Of late, several teak growing private companies have come up offering investors high returns from their plantations. However, no study has been carried out in Kerala on the economic status of teak plantations in the government forests and prospects of investing in teak plantation ventures in the private sector. The present study is relevant in presenting the productivity status of teak plantations in government forests in Kerala and its commercial profitability. This will be useful to the government for planning management strategies and investment priorities. The study will also serve as a base—line information for comparative studies.

Water quality status and Primary productivity of Valanthakad Backwater in Kerala

The water quality and primary productivity of Valanthakad backwater (9° 55 10. 24 N latitude and 76° 20 01. 23 E longitude) was monitored from June to November 2007. Significant spatial and temporal variations in temperature, transparency, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, sulphides, carbon dioxide, alkalinity, biochemical oxygen demand, phosphatephosphorus, nitrate-nitrogen, nitrite-nitrogen as well as primary productivity could be observed from the study. Transparency was low (53.75 cm to 159 cm) during the active monsoon months when the intensity of solar radiation was minimum, which together with the run off from the land resulted in turbid waters in the study sites. The salinity in both the stations was low (0.10 ‰ to 4.69 ‰) except in August and November 2007. The presence of total sulphide (0.08 mg/ l to 1.84 mg/ l) and higher carbon dioxide (3 mg/ l to 17 mg/ l) could be due to hospital discharges and decaying slaughter house wastes in Station 1 and also from the mangrove vegetation in Station 2. Nitrate-nitrogen and phosphate-phosphorus depicted higher values and pronounced variations in the monsoon season. Maximum net primary production was seen in November (0.87 gC/ m3/ day) and was reported nil in September. The chlorophyll pigments showed higher values in July, August and November with a negative correlation with phosphate-phosphorus and nitrite-nitrogen. The study indicated that the water quality and productivity of Valanthakad backwater is impacted and is the first report from the region