O Juda��smo Encalacrado: m��stica e religi��o em A Hora da Estrela, de Clarice Lispector

O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de demonstrar a import��ncia e pertin��ncia do di��logo entre literatura e religi��o, concentrando o ��mbito de sua pesquisa a partir das rela����es entre a escritura de Clarice Lispector e as resson��ncias de uma tradi����o (juda��smo), que embora n��o tenha sido assumida pela autora, persiste, encalacrada em toda a sua obra. Tendo, como objeto de pesquisa o romance A Hora da Estrela, esta disserta����o procurou entender como o drama da narrativa, em seu jogo de tens��es e identidades, em sua pluralidade de t��tulos e refer��ncias, sinaliza tamb��m um profundo problema com a religi��o. Focando, de forma especial a personagem Macab��a, este estudo procurou compreender como as referencias da personagem, sua dificuldade com as palavras, seus desencontros do outro (tu) e sua rejei����o social, revelam um grave problema de ordem teol��gica, demonstrando os equ��vocos de uma sociedade, que fundada sobre o prisma da religi��o, massacra os mais fracos. O desfecho do livro sinaliza uma poss��vel epifania, mas, desvela-se num fracasso da religi��o e de seu poder salv��fico. O trabalho procurou a partir dos principais temas do romance, perceber suas correspond��ncias com o tema da religi��o. Pode com isso, a partir das contribui����es de Scholem, ver como dilema existencial e subjetivo da personagem possui proximidade com o drama m��stico cabal��stico, al��m disso, perceber as correla����es entre a obra clariceana e textos da tradi����o juda��ca, quer na sua refer��ncia expl��cita (nome da personagem), como tamb��m, em seu aspecto de busca, em sua forma de midrash e nas in��meras exegeses e coment��rios que propicia. Finaliza seu esfor��o, levantando uma discuss��o ��tica sobre os valores teol��gicos da sociedade e seus profundos equ��vocos, ante a vida e morte da pobre Macab��a, uma mulher que viveu a religi��o nos limites da pr��pria exist��ncia.

Isa��as 24,1-6 na perspectiva da profecia apocalipsista resultante de um complexo processo s��cio-teol��gico em transi����o

A disserta����o objetiva estudar o papel que o apocalipsismo, desempenhou na hist��ria e no contexto da reda����o do or��culo isaiano em Isa��as 24,1-6. A proposta �� de que sua fun����o foi de grande import��ncia no processo de forma����o do juda��smo p��s-ex��lico, fomentando uma nova reidentifica����o e reetniza����o dos israelitas-juda��tas num contexto de frustra����o nacionalista e religiosa que gerou uma grande heterogeneidade teol��gica. Identificamos este contexto como sendo o ambiente em que se deu um complexo processo de transi����o s��cio-teol��gica na hist��ria dos judaitas no per��odo de domina����o persa. O apocalipsismo, enquanto fen��meno religioso e s��cio-hist��rico, se mostrou como resultado de uma realidade hostil e desumanizadora na qual a identidade teol��gico-cultural e os relacionamentos s��cioecon��micos das pessoas foram extremamente amea��ados e violentados gerando uma contraposi����o aos des��gnios de Yahweh expressos na alian��a firmada por ele para com seu povo. Atrav��s da pesquisa e an��lise exeg��tica de Isa��as 24,1-6, a presente disserta����o prop��e que, a partir dessa realidade conflituosa, a profecia apocalipsista isaiana se manifesta contra as estruturas e suas articula����es geradoras de segrega����o e desumanidade, lan��ando uma esperan��a no ato transformador por interm��dio de Yahweh, o senhor da hist��ria, que possibilita um reverso hist��rico, a partir do qual ser�� poss��vel reconstruir relacionamentos favor��veis no ��mbito social e espiritual.(AU)

N��O PODEIS SERVIR A DEUS E ��S RIQUEZAS: OS IMPACTOS ECON��MICOS NO EVANGELHO DE MATEUS NO CONTEXTO DO JUDA��SMO DO I S��CULO

Esta pesquisa prop��e um estudo do Evangelho produzido pela comunidade de Mateus, mais especificamente, o trabalho consiste em demonstrar a possibilidade de leitura desse evangelho a partir de implica����es econ��micas no seio da comunidade que o produziu. Entendemos o Evangelho de Mateus como um dos diversos movimentos judaicos do per��odo p��s-destrui����o do templo em 70 d.C.. Por causa desse contexto percebemos que o Evangelho de Mateus, debate com uma realidade de disputas religiosas desse per��odo. �� importante frisar que essas quest��es possuem vertentes e n��o terminam no ��mbito religioso. As disputas religiosas conseq��entemente t��m rela����es com todas as dimens��es da vida, entre elas a econ��mica. Mateus resignifica para seu grupo a quest��o das posses, das riquezas, em virtude de uma realidade de crise econ��mica. E em meio a essa crise o Evangelho de Mateus, a partir de um trabalho redacional, d�� novos significados �� vida de f�� da comunidade �� luz das hist��rias de Jesus recebidas das fontes Marcos e Lucas. Este estudo justifica-se pela lacuna existente no material produzido sobre o Evangelho de Mateus, uma vez que o que �� produzido a respeito dessas narrativas quase sempre se preocupa em analisar o conflito entre a comunidade de Mateus e os Fariseus somente no campo religioso deixando de lado as demais possibilidades, entre elas as rela����es econ��micas.(AU)

Entre Jesus e Barrab��s: realidade, expectativas e a escolha da multid��o em Marcos 15,6-15

trabalho a seguir visa apresentar um estudo da palavra multid��o no Evangelho de Marcos, considerando-a como personagem importante na estrutura liter��ria concebida pelo autor, destacando especialmente sua atua����o na cena da apresenta����o de Jesus diante de Pilatos em que �� dada a ela a multid��o a oportunidade de escolher pela liberta����o de Jesus ou de Barrab��s. O texto em refer��ncia ser�� estudado levando-se em conta o contexto de domina����o romana em que estava inserido, como composi����o liter��ria que reproduz a estrutura dos munera (combate ente gladiadores), fen��meno caracter��stico da civiliza����o romana e s��mbolo de sua domina����o, fazendo com que o escrito de Marcos seja uma par��dia que visa esclarecer seu p��blico acerca de sua pr��pria situa����o.(AU)

ERVING GOFFMAN, AS INTERA����ES NO COTIDIANO ESCOLAR, DESVENDANDO O ESTIGMA DENTRO DA INCLUS��O ESCOLAR

As pessoas com defici��ncias s��o exclu��das da sociedade devido �� marca negativa de descr��dito recebida pelo meio social - por sua apar��ncia ou seu modo de ser diferentes - que os coloca fora da norma classificando-os como seres desviantes. No cotidiano escolar essas marcas se afirmam e se reproduzem, n��o promovendo ��s pessoas com defici��ncias uma supera����o desse estigma. A pesquisa visa analisar como o estigma incorporado pelos alunos com defici��ncias influencia no processo de intera����o e inclus��o escolar, de forma a estudar ind��cios de como se desenvolve o processo de estigmatiza����o no cotidiano escolar sob a luz dos pensamentos de Erving Goffman. O presente estudo utiliza-se uma revis��o de literatura especifica do tema, fundamentada nos estudos de Erving Goffman, conjuntamente �� pesquisa emp��rica baseada na etnografia vivenciada pelo autor em seus estudos de comunidade, foram utilizadas como estrat��gias de pesquisa, entrevistas com tr��s professores e observa����es registradas por meio de de observa����o de cenas do cotidiano escolar de ��duas escolas p��blicas do estado de SPS��o Paulo . No cap��tulo 1 buscamos entender os constructos de Goffman principalmente por meio de sua trajet��ria acad��mica, no cap��tulo 2 o trabalho centrou-se na compreens��o da intera����o social e principalmente na quest��o definida pelo autor como ordem da intera����o, em queentende-se que as pessoas s��o autores dentro de um palco social, no cap��tulo 3. a pesquisa aborda o termo estigma e explica sua influ��ncia na intera����o e no avan��o das pessoas com defici��ncia. Por fim, o trabalho se encerra no cap��tulo .4 apresentando a an��lise das entrevistas e dos registros das cenas do cotidiano escolar. As cenas selecionadas apresentam os atores envolvidos, o cen��rio, e o enredo das intera����es, identificando as estrat��gias do estigma incorporado pelos alunos com defici��ncia e buscando liga����es com as pol��ticas inclusivas e as escolas brasileira. A pesquisa identificou que a escola, como meio de socializa����o e cria����o de saberes, possui um papel importante neste processo de mudan��a, apesar de muitas vezes reproduzir o estigma social. Observamos ent��o que a escola pode auxiliar na mudan��a do olhar que exclui, �� maneira que mostra algumas m��scaras do social e da pr��pria inclus��o; no entanto �� importante salientar que sua renova����o e de seus agentes sociais deve valorizar as diferen��as para constru����o de novos conhecimentos.(AU)

Travessia Po��tica: tem��ticas do tempo na poesia de Jo��o Cabral

Este livro realiza uma travessia pela obra de Jo��o Cabral de Melo Neto (1920-1999), buscando apreender o ser do tempo e seus desdobramentos no espa��o do poema. Ao leitor que j�� conhece a obra do poeta, este estudo possivelmente oferecer�� um novo olhar focado no seu processo criativo ao percorrer o trajeto de sua poesia atrav��s da tem��tica do tempo.

Corpo, for��a e pot��ncia: Nietzsche e Spinoza no pensamento de Deleuze

This dissertation aims at showing the importance of the Nietzsche s and Spinoza s philosophy in Deleuze thought, about body, force, and potency concepts. The search starts from Deleuze texts around two authors of his inspiration, reaching understand in the plan of immanence of the relationship between concepts and the way life as ethics and political affirmation. The first goal is the concept of rhizome; propose by Deleuze in what manner to walk the ways traced by philosophers and at the same time to create self ways. The second chapter examines the body in Nietzsche as force s relations. Find to show the genesis of the force in its determination as relative quantity strong or weak, and as absolute quality active or reactive; and for other side the genesis of the force from two poles of the will to power affirmation or negation, examining the consequences for life and thought. In the third chapter explained the definitions of body in Spinoza. The body, in Spinoza, defines itself complex relation of movement and repose, velocity and slowness and by it s to affect and be affecter s power. Find to show understanding the mediums for to amplify the power of to exist or the potency of to act, in what manner ethics of to live. The fourth chapter makes one parallel between the war and the thought in the constitution of socials body and collectives agenciamientos, for understand in the fifth chapter the body as war s machine of the thought, from the relationship between nomad way life and war s machine showed in Tractate of Nomadologia. Wait like this to show the importance of the ethics and political thought than affirm the existence in the world through active force from that body s power.

Paulo Em��lio Salles Gomes e a efic��cia discursiva de sua intepreta����o hist��rica: reflex��es sobre hist��ria e historiografia do cinema brasileiro

We intend with this research to contribute to the contemporary debate pertinent to the history of Brazilian cinema, its historiography and its writing procedures. Thereunto, we sustain the view that the historical interpretation composed by the essays Panorama do Cinema Brasileiro: 1896/1966 (1966) and Cinema: trajet��ria no subdesenvolvimento (1973) arranged by the critic and historian Paulo Emilio Salles Gomes, due to their epistemological postulates and narrative strategies, constitutes a version about the history of national cinema of expressive discursive efficacy.

Identidade pessoal em Hume e em Kant

The issue of this dissertation is the problem of personal identity. More specifically, the objective of this work is to investigate and compare how Hume and Kant construct, within their own philosophical systems, their theories of personal identity (of the self), so that these theories can set the grounds for the construction of theoretical knowledge. Hume���s theory of personal identity is closely connected to his empirical model of investigation, according to which no metaphysical conclusion can be accepted. This implies a very specific limitation to the humean description of personal identity. Because he can���t find a safe empirical reference for the self, Hume is obliged to describe it as a mere fiction, which the imagination creates to try to give unity to the set of perceptions that composes the mind. Kant, on the other hand, constructs his theory of the self with the aim of explaining the possibility of the a priori knowledge in Mathematics and in Physics. Kant tries to find which attributes must necessarily belong to the self so that this self can be, at the same time, the a priori transcendental condition of a subjectivity in general and the equally a priori transcendental condition for the construction of objective knowledge. Moreover, Kant shows the impossibility of objectively knowing, as intuition, the self, and limits himself to the description of the self as a mere subjective consciousness of the synthetic capacities of the understanding. Several disparities, thus, can be perceived between the theories of personal identity of these two authors. Based on these differences, the present work also examines the possibility of making an interpretation of the humean theory of the self by using elements of the kantian philosophy. The purpose of this kind of interpretation is to propose a solution to the difficulties faced by Hume in the description of his theory of personal identity.

A no����o de rela����o na teoria lingu��stica de Ferdinand de Saussure

Our work aims at investigating the notion of relation in Ferdinand de Saussure���s linguistic reflections. As we observe his theoretical production, we see this notion was amply worked in the elaboration of other concepts of his, for example, language, signe, value, arbitrariness, among others. However, beyond the capacity of the notion of relation to produce other concepts, the way it was conceived and the theoretical space it was placed allowed Saussure to break through the essentially historical-comparative studies of the epoch, what made a new way of thinking language to have its starting point. Taking it into account, firstly, by reading the work of Herman Paul, the one who represents the neogrammarians in our text, we examine in which way Saussure is distant from his contemporary linguistics when he distinguishes the linguistic relations and give them a new status in his investigation. Secondly, we study how the notion of relation has it own place in Saussure���s theoretical process of thinking the fundamentals which later would be considered the milestone for Modern Linguistics. For that, we analyse one of his manuscripts, Notes pour un livre sur la linguistique g��n��rale, and the Course in General Linguistics. The first is composed by sketches which would become a book, as Saussure promised in a letter to Meillet; and the latter contains the principals for the science of Linguistics. So we aim at researching how the notion of relation is treated in this corpus in order to see the way it is conceived both in the particular production of a manuscript written by Saussure itself and the book which was published and considered the turning point for Linguistics.

No����o de simetria na cosmologia de Anaximandro de Mileto

Through the philosophical movements in Ionia and through researches made on ph��sis (started by the first wise men in Miletus), we elected Anaximander���s cosmology as a fertile ground for exploring the Greek notion of symmetry. From a geographical perspective, initially, the Greeks��� originality towards the notion of a due measure will be questioned, since the astrological and mathematical knowledge were common in Babylon and Egypt. Although the cultural environment on the Milesian commercial ports and its architecture show evidences of a possible eastern impact on the Greek thought, it will be noted (from fragments validated by the Doxography tradition) that the problem with the birthplace of the notion of harmony and of due measure is something specific of the Greek culture and inherent to its remote religiosity. The resumption of these notions refers to the issue of arch�� and to its divinity assumed by Thales, Anaximander and Anaximenes. The divine was not an extrinsic notion to the Milesian thought towards the first element. Therefore, we will have as a result of this investigation some assumptions for which the notion of symmetry in Anaximander, stated in his ��peiron, could be, from the dialogue between philosophy and Orphism, an assimilation of the One, as witnessed in the Derveni papyrus.

Uma leitura de g��nero nos contos "Prel��dio", "Na ba��a" e "A casa de bonecas", de Katherine Mansfield

This work aims to analyze the short stories ���Prelude���, ���At the Bay��� and ���The Doll���s House���, by Katherine Mansfield under the prism of the gender studies (mainly on the works of Joan Scott and Elisabeth Badinter). To reach such objective, and based on the feminist criticism works (especially those of Elaine Showalter and Toril Moi), we analyzed the three stories, which are from the writer���s so-called ���family phase���. The present work contains a bibliographical contextualization of Mansfield���s modernist work under three main aspects: modernism, the short story and women���s writing/writings on women. From the analysis of the three short stories, we observed that questions of gender, representation and identity were depicted by means of the preponderance of female characters from all ages, marital statuses and classes. At the end it was possible to verify how Mansfield works contributed to a reflection about places and roles occupied by women in turn of the XIX and XX Centuries, whereas how this author was also in search for her own identity as a woman and as a writer, exactly in a context when women writers and women���s writings started to become more visible face to a predominantly masculine literary canon.

Estudo sobre o descobrimento do cogito em Descartes

Ce travail est le r��sultat d���une recherche d��di��e �� ��tudier le processus philosophique de la d��couverte du cogitochez Descartes. Ses buts ont ��t�� : a) de pr��ciser qu���il existe d���autres possibilit��s d���interpr��tation du cogito au-del�� de celles les plus courantes et b) de montrer que, dans cette d��couverte, il y a un trajet qui passe n��cessairement par les degr��s de la sagesse. La mise en oeuvre du travail d���enqu��te a exig�� la manipulation des sources bibliographiques primaires, constitu��es des principaux ��crits de Descartes, avec une plus grande attention �� laLettre-pr��face des Principes de la philosophie, aux M��ditations sur la philosophie premi��re, aux Principes de la philosophie et aux R��ponses aux secondes objections. Nous avons cherch�� �� lier ces textes traditionnels aux textes de la litt��rature secondaire de la modernit��, prouvant ainsi la pertinence du sujet au sein du domaine de la Philosophie dans les universit��s br��siliennes. Pour attester nos constatations, nous nous sommes appuy��s sur l���analyse linguistique de termes sp��cifiques au discours cart��sien, en utilisant des dictionnaires de latin (langue dans laquelle a ��t�� ��crite une grande partie du texte de Descartes), du fran��ais de la Renaissance et de portugais. L���argumentation s���est arr��t��e dans la mise en contexte du cadre des degr��s de la sagesse. Pour cela, il a ��t�� n��cessaire d���expliquer les notions fondamentales de la philosophie cart��sienne explicit��es dans la Lettre-pr��face. Par exemple, le concept de philosopher qui, chez Descartes, est fortement associ�� �� la pulsion sceptique, source commune d���inspiration pour le philosophe et pour le sceptique, ��tant, en outre, point de convergence entre Descartes et un autre penseur avec lequel il r��alise une esp��ce de conversation : Montaigne. Pendant le moment du quatri��me degr�� de la sagesse, Descartes identifie, dans la pens��e de Montaigne, les traces permettant de transcender le quatri��me vers le cinqui��me degr�� de la sagesse, celui-ci signifiant surtout la d��couverte des premi��res causes, des premi��res notions, des principes qui engendrent toute la Philosophie. La port��e des premi��res notions ou causes, des principes est l���objectif principal du philosopher cart��sien. Descartes distingue, m��me si de fa��on non explicit��e, entre des notions communes et des notions primitives. Dans les deux cas, il s���agit de notions premi��res, n��anmoins, chacun a une fonction diff��rente au sein de la philosophie cart��sienne. Les notions communes sont les r��gles de la raison ou les principes logiques qui confirment la d��couverte d���un savoir. Les notions primitives sont les principes qui engendrent le savoir. La conclusion pr��sent��e dans ce travail ��� la d��couverte du cogito passe par les quatre degr��s de la sagesse, en r��alisant avec excellence, dans son cinqui��me degr��, une exp��rience dans laquelle il faut trouver l���instance originelle de la pens��e ��� renforce notre constatation, ne mettant pourtant pas fin aux discussions. Puisque, dans la myriade de r��flexions sur le sujet, ce n���est qu���une modeste collaboration.

Das saudades que se tem: a representa����o paterna na escrita autobiogr��fica de Bartolomeu Campos de Queir��s

In our work, we analyze some works of Bartolomeu Campos de Queir��s that compose the ���autobiographical cycle���, especially those ones that bring the image of father���s absence/presence, the relationship between life and writing, as well as the father���s figurations and his intermediates and substitutes. We especially investigated the aspect of repetition about how the family relations are articulated, highlighting those ones that happen between father and son and that appear in these texts. This problematic interested us as a research object, a priori, because the works of Bartholomeu Campos de Queir��s are an exponent of literature for children field, as far as they show that the childhood is not always ���colorful���, happy and perfect as several productions supposedly made ���for children��� seek to have us believe. In addition, the selected texts that have an autobiographical characteristic and put the issue of child suffering because of the father���s absence are configured as a very rich corpus for studies related to the relation between life/work and investigations in the dialogue between Literature and Psychoanalysis. These aspects will permit us to understand why the pain of missing father be repetitive and insistent in these books. Thus, we problematize, by the selected works for this study, the concept of literature for children and young people and the notion of literary reading. We also analyzed in the ���statements��� given by the author the relationship between life and writing and we investigated, based on psychoanalytic studies, the literary writing as a possibility of both unconscious development of memory marked by the father���s absence ��� remedy ��� as of a perpetuation of this same conflict ��� poison. Furthermore, we analyzed how the relationship between son and father are processed considering the mother���s absence, since the works that have this person���s presence, she seems to mediate such relationships in a certain way.

Provoca����es e debates : contribui����es para o estudo do Brasil social

S��lvio Romero, cr��tico, ensa��sta e historiador da literatura brasileira, cujo nome de batismo era S��lvio Vasconcelos da Silveira Ramos, nasceu em Lagarto, Sergipe, em 1851, e morreu no Rio de Janeiro, em 1914.