Proposta metodológica para a correção do coeficiente de retorno de esgoto sanitário em unidades com sistemas de aproveitamento de água pluvial

The use of rainwater for non-potable purposes generates a reduction in the consumption of treated water, however, this reduction is not observed in the generation of wastewater, as this is independent of the water source. In Brazil, the pricing on the services of collection and treatment of sewage, in general, is based on the coefficient of return of the sewage disposal system, which has a relation sewer / water proportional to the consumption of treated water measured at the consumer unit. The use of rainwater originating from utilization systems infer on the coefficient, underestimating the volume of wastewater generated. Therefore, this study presents a methodology for setting the coefficient of return. Different roof areas, reservoir volumes and rates of water consumption situations were simulated. The behavior of adjustment of the coefficient of return were also analyzed for the average area per capita roof (m² / inhabitant) of Rio Claro - SP. As a result, it can be seen that the adjustment of the coefficient of return is directly proportional to the increase of the roof areas and the volumes of reservoirs, and inversely proportional to the total water demand. The corrected coefficient of return showed the minimum value of 0.83 and a maximum value of 1.45, this variation corresponds to the maximum ratio between the demands of total water and rainwater, since the exploitation of rain water should be used only for non-potable uses, according to NBR 15527 / 07. To the municipality of Rio Claro - SP was noted an adjustment of the coefficient of return ranging from 0.99 to 6.61

Análise e redução de custos e peso em veículo rodoviário de carga reboque linha de eixos

Load transportation in brazilian territory is made difficult by a deficient highway network, result of low maintenance and lack of government supervision. The problem aggravates when we consider the transportation of indivisible loads, mainly because the brazilian highways are not prepared for such task and few companies in Brazil have the necessary equipment suited for this kind of transport. In this dissertation it will be shown the analysis of a specific equipment to transport overweight indivisible loads, called hydraulic modular multi axle trailer. From an existing project (RB.04LE-01), manufactured and homologated in Brazil, it has been studied how the components in this trailer work so it could have been possible to elaborate a new model (RB.04LE-02), with two main objectives: reduction of costs and weight with subsequent increase in the liquid load for roadway transportation. The trailer’s components analyses were made utilizing the theory of fatigue strength of materials and finite element method with the von Misses criteria for a more safety when realizing the calculations

Indústria automobilística brasileira entre os anos 90 e os 2000: uma análise acerca da estratégia de plataformas

Este trabalho faz um estudo comparativo sobre a estratégia de plataformas na indústria automobilística brasileira entre os anos 90 e 2000. Para tanto, definiu-se o conceito de plataformas na indústria automobilística, a intensificação dos estudos sobre sua eficiência ao longo do tempo e o impacto da reutilização e adaptação de plataformas na redução de custos. Os resultados do estudo colaboraram no entendimento dos projetos de desenvolvimento de produto na indústria automotiva nacional, colaborando para a comparação entre a evolução do cenário brasileiro com a de outros cenários como Reino Unido e os BRICs

Melhoria do processo de reparo por meio da redução de Lead Time em uma empresa de som automotivo

The constant search for improvement and survival of the companies makes essential the utilization of cost reduction strategies and resources optimization. This study had as its objective the utilization of Lean Manufacturing tools for the repair process lead time reduction, in a car audio manufacturer. Performing an action research, the major problems were studied, such as the potential causes and the possible improvement activities, using the DMAIC methodology. An action plan was developed for all involved processes and, as a result, the objective was reached by making a direct impact on the customers’ satisfaction and adding a competitive differential for the company

Recuperação de resíduos plásticos provenientes dos processos de injeção

The competitiveness among global markets, the constant need for reducing manufacturing costs and also the growing environmental commitments are fueling the development of techniques for recovery residual parts generated by industrial processes. Among the various areas of a company, we highlight those that involve the processing of raw materials derived from oil, such as polymers (resins), which may take centuries to decompose in the environment and also present as a economic and environmentally strategic point. Thus, this study would examine the recovery of waste polypropylene, from the injection process of a major multinational in the field of home appliances through the recycling by a process comprising the milling, extrusion and chipping of waste material. Easy to deploy, this proposal aims to reduce levels negligible disposal (scrap) of these residues as well as the reintegration of the production process into pieces no visual and no structural importance, aimed at cutting costs and reducing environmental impacts caused. After the survey data in kilograms of waste material generated in a given period of time, and the study of changes in material properties, it would enable the reuse steadily in the injection process

Redução de empeno em barra trefiladas do aço SAE 9254

In this paper we study the process of manufacture of wire drawn steel bars 9254, from rolled wire rod. These bars are used in the automotive industry for the manufacture of coil springs, which make up the system damping of several vehicles. The wire drawing process consists of the steps of pre-straightening, shot peening, drawing, cutting and polishing. The study aims to search for the configuration of process variables, which present the best result with respect to bending. To this were maintained settings prestraightening and mechanical stripping and varied angles and stringer polish being studied to replace the spinneret with a working angle, for a string with two working angles. To assist in the analysis of the results was the tool used DOE Software Minitab, which assesses the variation in results according to each parameter and the interaction parameters. It was thus possible to determine the best condition for wire drawing

Análise ambiental em um canteiro de obras

The building sector can cause the environmental degradation, by the natural resources consumption, machinery use and natural landscape modifying. The environmental management system (EMS) improves the environmental quality and makes the companies more competitive. So, this work developed an environmental management system in a building site focused on the solid waste and in the development of mitigation proposals for the most significant environmental impacts. To develop this work it was necessary to follow the building site activities; evaluate the solid waste management; identify the law requirements; identify the environmental aspects and impacts; evaluate the environmental impacts; and propose alternatives for mitigating the adverse environmental critical impacts. The main proposals are the reduction of the waste generation in the place that it’s generated; the reuse and correct final disposal of that wastes; the treatment and reuse of the effluent; and the supervising in the trucks and machineries avoiding the oil spilling and the air pollution

Miostatina e redução da massa muscular em doenças crônicas

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Gestão de recursos hídricos: uma abordagem da economia institucional sobre a reutilização da água

Neste trabalho priorizou-se a visão da água enquanto bem público. No seu tratamento, dado que a economia neoclássica tradicional não nos oferece uma resposta desejável, pisamos o campo da Economia Institucional: da importância das instituições para o desenvolvimento até os diferentes arranjos institucionais, com o aparecimento de múltiplos agentes. Com isso procuramos atacar o problema do “carona”, e mostrar como pode haver cooperação entre os agentes para a produção de um bem público, no caso a água. Em posse desses argumentos, mostramos como é feita a atual gestão dos recursos hídricos no Brasil, descentralizada e participativa, através dos Comitês de Bacias Hidrográficas. Em seguida mostramos como a articulação regional, diante de um cenário de escassez hídrica para abastecimento antrópico, e seus consequentes conflitos, anterior à formação dos CBHs, contribuiu para pressionar um tradicional segmento da indústria na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP), o Pólo Petroquímico, e como a opção pela reutilização da água tornou-se uma alternativa não só viável, como economicamente interessante, a ponto da Sabesp e da construtora Odebrecht iniciarem o projeto Aquapolo Ambiental

Estudo da reutilização de materiais reciclados em obras de construção civil

This graduation project aims to study and analyze the reuse of solid waste projects in Civil Construction, checking the different factors such as economic viability, production processes, classification of the main materials, advantages and disadvantages, always seeking to guide themselves according Brazilian legislation establishing criteria for Waste Management of Construction. In addition, points are studied that prevent the expansion of recycling construction waste. It also offers needs improvements to the implementation of recycling to be carried out on a more expressive than current

Verificação da eficiência da metodologia Seis Sigma na redução da divergência de estoque em uma indústria de condutores de fluídos

This work was developed in order to reduce the discrepancy found between the stock data of an item in the system and the amount found physically in stock in the company presented on this study case. Therefore, this paper makes a study on system of information that can assist in the collection, control and manipulation of data regarding the company's stock. It is very important to do the inventory management, so we can control the level of this sub-product to meet sales orders and production. In the study discussed below, we used the Six Sigma methodology to identify points that had flaws in the process and thus improve their work where the results show grater process control and provide a reliable database to the point where no further problems of lack of components in stock

Redução de consumo de energia eletrica a partir de reaproveitamento de energia termica com uso de ciclo rankine orgânico

This paper is proposed the usage of an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) along with waste heat recovery from an inconstant heat source. This method of waste heat recovery with intermittent heat source is part of a technical viability study. This paper also brings up the usage of thermal energy storage as heat source for the ORC. This paper is based on a heat treatment company study in which a natural gas furnace is explored. Data such as mass flow, temperature and specific waste gas heat from this furnace are used through calculations. Calculations are made also based on furnace cycles. This viability study considers a series of working fluids such as ammonia, benzene, R113 and R134a. Results point out that ORC with out thermal storage and using refrigerant fluid ammonia is the best alternative

Redução bacteriana via terapia fotodinâmica

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação dos resíduos sólidos gerados no Restaurante Universitário da UNESP de Rio Claro: uma análise do potencial de compostagem

A consequence of population growth is the increased generation of solid waste, which requires environmentally and economically viable suitable disposal sites. The scarcity of such sites makes necessary to adopt non-generation measures, reduction, reuse , recycling and treatment of solid waste before final disposal of waste. This paper presents the quantification and qualification of organic waste generated in each sector of the University Restaurant (UR) , by proposing indicators of waste generation per meal (index of waste) . Then, from the characterization of the waste management practices adopted internally, evaluates the potential deployment of the composting process for organic waste, with signaling for opportunities to improve waste management. The diagnosis of waste generation was made based on data collected during the period of 10 days. The waste were classified into 3 groups (organic, recyclable and waste) in each sector of the restaurant ( pre preparation , kitchen and tray return) . The results reveal that 33 % of the waste generated in the UR currently has the potential to be composted in a suitable place on campus. Every meal served generat approximately 124g of waste, of which 35g are organic waste of the pre preparation sector, 49g are remnants of food in the tray’s return and 40g are other kinds of waste, including recyclable and non recyclable. You can still get a higher percentage of compostable if the trays pre-wash is not performed with detergent and water. To minimize the generation of waste trays can be replaced by plates and skimmers and ladles can be replaced by smaller ones. The food exposed in the counter but not consumed, can be distributed to students after the restaurant is closed so this material would not be disposed in the garbage

Estudo de caso: aplicação do método DMAIC-White Belt- na redução de latas amassadas em uma produção de leite em pó

This work consists of the implementation of the steps Define, Measure , Analyze , Improve and Control ( DMAIC ) to develop a Six Sigma project in an industry the food industry. The objective was to demonstrate a potential for reducing the occurrence of crushed cans in potting milk powder industry in a White Belt project. The food industry accounts for about 9 % of Brazil's gross domestic product ( GDP ), generating thousands of jobs . Among the major sectors of the food industry is the manufacturing sector of milk , occupies approximately 10 % of the total turnover of the food industry . Brazil is considered today one of the eight largest producers of milk powder in the world. The milk powder is packed , mostly for aluminum cans that are lined internally with varnishes and other materials to protect the milk of metals from aluminum. When the cans are dented food protection is compromised and may lead ingestion causing dis-eases such as botulism. Aiming to solve the problem of dented cans methodology was used as a case study with a quantitative approach through the DMAIC method. Some quality tools used in each step of the project as brainstorming , cause and effect diagram , flowchart , ef-fort and impact matrix, 5W1H , among other Pareto diagram is presented . A survey about the disposal of cans in the company verifying a mean loss and, from this histor-ical , a goal loss was calculated was performed . With the target set we calculated the annual saving design . During application of DMAIC was found that the highest rate of loss occurred in transportation between the factory and the factory that fills cans milk . Several actions were taken to resolve problems that resulted in dented cans and the first two months of phase control it was found that the smaller losses calculated target resulting in a saving for the company. The short time of implementa-tion of the Improve phase did not allow a more detailed a ...