949 resultados para Plantas - Efeito de gliofosato


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The effects on soil chemical properties brought about by cover crops vary considerably. This study was conducted to evaluate nutrient uptake by five cover crops used for grain, seed and forage production at different seed densities per hectare, as well as uptake by spontaneous vegetation, and their effect on the chemical properties of two Oxisols when grown in rotation with soybean and corn. The experiments were set up in Votuporanga, SP, Brazil and Selvíria, MS, Brazil in March 2008 after conventional soil tillage. A randomized complete block experimental design was used with four replications with the following cover crops at different seed densities: Sorghum bicolor at 6, 7 and 8 kg ha-1; Pennisetum americanum at 10, 15 and 20 kg ha-1; Sorghum sudanense at 12, 15 and 18 kg ha-1; hybrid of Sorghum bicolor with Sorghum sudanense at 8, 9 and 10 kg ha-1; and Urochloa ruziziensis at 8, 12 and 16 kg ha-1. We also used a spontaneous vegetation control. After management of the cover crops, in the first year of study, soybean was sown in no-tillage system and, in the second year, corn was sown, also in a no-tillage system. We evaluated the dry matter yield of different cover crops, nutrient uptake by the cover crops, and the chemical changes in the soil. It was found that in clayey soils with high aluminum content, as in Selvíria, sudan grass at a seed density of 18 kg ha-1, and sorghum at a seed density of 6 kg ha-1, in combination with liming, contributed to reduction of aluminum content and high potential acidity and an increase in base saturation. The different seed densities of each cover crop did not affect the dry matter yield of the cover crop itself, but affected nitrogen uptake of the hybrid Sorghum bicolor with Sorghum sudanense at a seed density of 10 kg ha-1, with lower uptake than at a seed density of 8 kg ha-1. Seed density also affected the organic matter content in the soil with sudan grass, with the seed density of 15 kg ha-1 providing more organic matter content than a seed density of 18 kg ha-1.

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Q field experiment was carried out at the Gralha Azul Experimental Farm/PUCPR, in the municipality of Fazenda Rio Grande-PR, to evaluate the effect of different times and coexistence extension periods of weeds interfering in corn yield. The experiment was arranged in a complete randomized complete block design and the treatments in a 4x5+2 factorial, with four replications. The treatments were as follows: four initial weed control periods (0-0, 0-7, 0-14 and 0-21 DAE) and five restarted weed control periods until the harvest (28, 42, 56, 70 and 84 DAE) and two checks, weedy and weed-free. The experiment was carried out under a no-till system. The period prior to weed interference (PBWI), the start of the critical period of weed interference (CPWI) and the infesting community were evaluated. When the initial weed control period was 0-0 day, the PPWI was at 9 DAE of corn; however, with increasing initial weed control periods (0-7, 0-14 and 0-21 DAE) the period prior to weed interference inncreased in relation to 0-0 day of the initial weed control, evidencing the existence of PPWI-S of 17, 24 and 28 DAE of corn, respectively. Thus CPWI initiates at the end of PPWI-S, the period when weed control is indispensable to prevent a significant reduction in corn yield. Coexistance with the weeds throughout the crop cycle reduced yield in 15%, compared to the weed-free check. Nine species of seven botanical families were assessed in the infesting community. Reduced density and dry mass were verified in the weeds that coexisted with corn, compared to those that grew without it, thus evidencing a suppressive effect of corn over the infesting plants.

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

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Pós-graduação em Biofísica Molecular - IBILCE

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA

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The periodic substitution of cotton cultivars for the farms can modify the levels of economic damages and control of pests, compromising the success in pest control. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of simulated defoliation levels in cotton cultivars actually used. The assay was carried out in experimental area of the Polo Apta Centro Norte, in Pindorama, Sao Paulo state. There were evaluated four defoliations levels (0%, 36.8%, 62.1% e 100%), done at a unique operation, in tree times (30, 60 and 90 days after plant emergence) and four cotton cultivars (IAC-25, DeltaOpal, Fibermax 966 and Fibermax 993). The defoliation was done with a scissor simulating the caterpillar damage. Evaluations included the number of open bolls, weight of one boll and 100 seeds, fiber percentage and productivity (kg ha(-1)). The defoliation negatively affected all components of agronomic traits, with the exception of percentage of fiber. The most damaging levels were 62.1 and 100% removal of the leaf blade. The period of higher susceptibility to defoliation occurs from 30 to 60 days after plant emergence.

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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A silimarina é um flavonóide polifenólico extraído de frutos e sementes de Silybum marianum, que possui efeitos antiinflamatórios, citoprotetores e anticarcinogênicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito antiinflamatório desse flavonóide sobre linhagens geneticamente selecionadas para máxima e mínima resposta inflamatória aguda, a intensidade dessa resposta foi avaliada através dos seguintes parâmetros: contagem total e diferencial de células, concentração protéica do exsudato infamatório e dosagem de H2O2 através de cultura de células do infiltrado. Para a avaliação do efeito da silimarina, as linhagens foram divididas em dois grupos, grupo AIRmax e grupo AIRmin, e cada um desses grupos foi subdividido em outros três grupos, de acordo com a forma de tratamento determinada (grupo controle, grupo tratado com silimarina 200mg/kg e grupo tratado com silimarina 100mg/kg). Os animais foram tratados durante seis dias consecutivos, recebendo um total de seis doses; ao final do tratamento os animais foram submetidos à indução flogógena pelo composto BIOGEL-P100 por via subcutânea, ao final de 24 horas o exsudato inflamatório foi retirado do dorso dos animais e preparados para análise. Os resultados demonstraram que a silimarina afetou significativamente alguns dos parâmetros avaliados. A contagem total de células mostrou redução significativa no número de células presentes no infiltrado do grupo AIRmax tratado com silimarina 100mg/kg em relação ao seu grupo controle; na contagem diferencial de células houve redução significativa no número de neutrófilos encontrados em amostras do exsudato dos animais AIRmax tratados com silimarina 100mg/kg, assumindo um padrão de resposta semelhante ao da contagem total; a concentração protéica mostrou redução significativa nos grupos AIRmax tratados com 100 e 200mg/kg em relação ao seu controle, indicando um possível efeito modulador da silimarina