Patents of drugs extracted from Brazilian medicinal plants

Background: Plants synthesise a vast repertoire of chemicals with various biological activities. Brazilian enormous botanical diversity facilitates the development of novel ethical drugs for the treatment of diseases in humans. Objective: To present therapeutic patent applications comprising Brazilian native plants published in the 2003 - 2008 period in light of legal aspects of patentability of biodiversity and public health concerns. Methods: Therapeutic patent applications related to Brazilian medicinal plants available at both the European Patent Office and the Brazilian National Institute of industrial Property databases were reviewed. Results/conclusion: Twenty-five patents are presented, most of which concern inflammatory, allergic, parasitic, infectious or digestive diseases, including extracts from Carapa guianensis, Copaifera genus, Cordia verbenacea, Erythrina mulungu, Physalis angulata and other pharmaceutical compositions with antileishmanial, antimalarial or trypanocidal activity. Brazilian research centres and universities are responsible for most of these inventions.

Ingresos y gastos de gobierno, 1947-1954 = Government income and expenditure, 1947-1954

Incluye Bibliografía

Carrying capacity in agriculture: Environmental significance and some related patents

Agriculture is one of the most important and possibly the oldest economic activity developed by humans. This activity was developed extensively and is becoming more and more dependent on development of technologies. The goal of this manuscript was examining some patents related to technologies developed for improving crop yields. Such patents are mainly related to more efficient formulations of agrochemicals and management techniques of plants, cattle and natural resources. A brief comment is carried out about bioprospection and related problems, relating, for example the case of Cupuaçu. The article is concluded mentioning that the development of policies and management strategies that increase agricultural yield and simultaneously preserve or conserve natural resources should also be prioritized, because certainly this is the only way we have to get the real sustainability and to improve life quality abroad the world.

White book of e-government interoperability for Latin America and the Caribbean: version 3.0

Includes bibliography

Economic efficiency of free and open source software in the public sector: the example of Chile

Includes bibliography

e-Government architectures, technical and political situation in Latin America

Includes bibliography

Best practices in regulating State-owned and municipal water utilities

Includes bibliography

Quality management and competitiveness: the diffusion of the ISO 9000 standards in Latin America and recommendations for government strategies

Includes bibliography

Quality management, ISO 9000 and government programmes

Includes bibliography

Competencia y regulación en las telecomunicaciones: el caso de Nicaragua

Incluye Bibliografía

Macroeconomic volatility and social vulnerability in Brazil: the Cardoso government (1995-2002) and perspectives

Includes bibliography

Structural budget balance: methodology and estimation for the Chilean central government 1987-2001

Includes bibliography

Indexes of structural reform in Latin America

Includes bibliography

Planning and government

Includes bibliography

The United States Government's Caribbean Basin Initiative

Includes bibliography