650 resultados para Parques Eólicos
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Comunicación presentada en CONPAT 2011, XI Congreso Latinoamericano de Patología de la Construcción, Guatemala, octubre 2011.
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Ivermectin is a veterinary pharmaceutical generally used to control the ecto- and endoparasites of livestock, but its use has resulted in adverse effects on coprophilous insects, causing population decline and biodiversity loss. There is currently no information regarding the direct effects of ivermectin on dung beetle physiology and behaviour. Here, based on electroantennography and spontaneous muscle force tests, we show sub-lethal disorders caused by ivermectin in sensory and locomotor systems of Scarabaeus cicatricosus, a key dung beetle species in Mediterranean ecosystems. Our findings show that ivermectin decreases the olfactory and locomotor capacity of dung beetles, preventing them from performing basic biological activities. These effects are observed at concentrations lower than those usually measured in the dung of treated livestock. Taking into account that ivermectin acts on both glutamate-gated and GABA-gated chloride ion channels of nerve and muscle cells, we predict that ivermectin’s effects at the physiological level could influence many members of the dung pat community. The results indicate that the decline of dung beetle populations could be related to the harmful effects of chemical contamination in the dung.
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La actividad turística desarrollada en el Mediterráneo español, en general, y en el litoral valenciano, en particular, está vinculada a la demanda de segundas residencias y, con ella, al desarrollo urbanístico. Se trata de un modelo que incide negativamente sobre el territorio y genera fuertes impactos, especialmente medioambientales, apenas frenados por las medidas conservacionistas llevadas a cabo en las últimas décadas. Para comprobar tales afirmaciones, el presente artículo se centra en un territorio concreto como el litoral de la provincia de Alicante, donde los parques naturales mantienen una estrecha relación con algunos de los principales destinos de sol y playa.
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As paisagens dunares são sistemas de elevado dinamismo, devido à proximidade do mar e à extrema mobilidade do substrato arenoso e prevê-se que venham a ser severamente afetadas pelas alterações ambientais globais. As dunas são depósitos de areia criados por processos eólicos e apresentam uma vegetação muito característica. Estes depósitos de areia em conjunto com a vegetação formam uma barreira essencial ao avanço do mar durante as marés altas de águas vivas e tempestades. Em Portugal, a degradação dos ecossistemas costeiros é muito preocupante. O problema das espécies exóticas invasoras agravou-se, aumentando a pressão sobre as plantas nativas. Embora este problema não seja o único motivo da degradação dos ecossistemas costeiros, este trabalho pretende divulgar as plantas dunares da zona costeira de Matosinhos, sensibilizar para a proteção e conservação das dunas e alertar para o facto de diversas plantas invasoras rapidamente colonizarem espaços abertos, pondo em causa e estabilidade dos ecossistemas costeiros. O conhecimento detalhado destes ecossistemas permitirá a aplicação de processos de vigilância e monitorização bem como o restauro ecológico de áreas dunares degradadas.
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t. 1. Vie de Le Sage. Le diable boiteux. Entretiens sérieux et comiques des Cheminées de Madrid. Les Béquilles du Diable boiteux. Une journée des Parques.--t. 2-3. Histoires de Gil Blas de Santillane.--t. 4. Aventures du Chevalier de Beauchêne.--t. 5-6. Histoires de Guzman d'Alfarache.--t. 7. Le bachelier de Salamanque.--t. 8-9. Roland l'amoureaux.--t. 10. Histoire d'Estevanille Gonzalez.--t. 11. La valise troivée.--t. 12. Théâtre françois: Le point d'honneur. Don César Ursin. Crispin rival de son maitre. Turcaret. Critique de Turcaret. La Tontine.--t. 13-16. Théâtre de la Foire.
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La h. de map.: Plan of the gardens of the Zoological Society of London in the Regent's Park.
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Mode of access: Internet.
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Mode of access: Internet.
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As transformações e modificações ocorridas no mercado, nas políticas e na economia do Brasil possuem um histórico e um trajeto muitas vezes desconhecidos e pouco divulgados pelos meios responsáveis a este fim. A parceria em gestão entre o público e o privado tem estado cada vez mais presente nas sociedades onde o Estado tem adotado políticas de intervenção moderada. As políticas econômicas liberais, o insistente incentivo ao empreendedorismo e à livre iniciativa, os processos de desburocratização, as parcerias e acordos políticos levados à prática, constituem e formam as principais bases de sustentação do cenário econômico contemporâneo. Aliado a isto, a economia sob a égide estratégica da expansão contínua de riquezas tem produzido no Brasil a sondagem e aproveitamento de nichos de mercado, outrora despercebidos. Em decorrência destes fatos, observa-se nas últimas décadas um crescimento progressivo factual no setor de lazer e entretenimento, a partir do planejamento e criação de dezenas de organizações e empresas objetivando a exploração destas atividades. A contextualização do tema gestão em parceria se dará a partir do estudo e análise de uma experiência prática de gerenciamento em modelo de Permissão implementada no parque Cidade da Criança em São Bernardo do Campo, região do Grande ABC Paulista. Neste meio tempo, surge a chance de identificar padrões de ações gerenciais e formas de planejamento organizacional que sinalizem aspectos, características e capacidades que fundamentem a viabilidade funcional ou não desta parceria em cenário prático e real.
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O objetivo desse estudo é descobrir se as cidades de Guarulhos e São Bernardo do Campo têm chances de, ao explorar sua vocação turística para os negócios, obter reais possibilidades de ampliar seu mercado de trabalho na área de hotelaria. Para realizar o que se propôs, utilizou-se dos dados primários advindos das entrevistas pessoais com alguns profissionais ligados ao setor; além dos dados secundários e informações coletadas nos próprios sites das prefeituras, sindicatos, meios de hospedagem e outras associações que integrados à pesquisa bibliográfica verificou-se que as duas cidades possuem potencial turístico para os negócios porque contam com parques industriais que possibilitam a entrada e permanência de pessoas que vem às cidades para realizar diversos tipos de negócios. Para tanto, precisam hospedar-se, geralmente, por um espaço de tempo em que pretendem descansar, alimentar-se, banhar-se como se estivessem em suas casas. Além desse potencial, as cidades apresentam mais algumas características em comum como a localização de aeroportos, Cumbica e Congonhas, bem próximos de seus centros e, ainda, servem de passagem para outras cidades consideradas mais acolhedoras como Santos, Guarujá entre outras localizadas no litoral e São Paulo, na região conhecida como a grande São Paulo. Por isso Guarulhos e São Bernardo acabam sendo pouco aproveitadas no que se refere aos seus potenciais turísticos. A pesquisa aponta que se houver investimentos nesse setor, o turismo poderá crescer tornando-as cidades receptivas àqueles que as visitam por motivo de trabalho e que precisam de uma boa hospedagem e, muitas vezes, de um lugar para utilizar como seu próprio escritório. Com isso, aumenta-se a necessidade de profissionais qualificados para atender às expectativas desses turistas. Conseqüentemente amplia-se o mercado de trabalho nas áreas voltadas ao turismo e hotelaria das cidades. Entre elas, destacam-se Transportes, Comércio, Segurança, Gastronomia, Cultura, Esportes e Lazer, Redes Hoteleiras e até mesmo Escolas Técnicas e Faculdades. Identificou-se que as duas cidades estudadas possuem potencial turístico para os negócios e podem ampliar o mercado de trabalho hoteleiro a partir da conscientização das partes interessadas em investirem na infra-estrutura, na capacitação dos Recursos Humanos, na estrutura dos empreendimentos hoteleiros e na divulgação do local, dos produtos e dos serviços oferecidos.(AU)
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Taking into account the Environmental Restorative Theory (ERT) , created by Fre derick Law Olmsted in mid XIX ce ntury , according which, urban parks can contribute to solve problems arisen from crowding , particularly urban stress, we analize how the ERT arrived at XXI century, having as approach the evaluation of New York Central Park (CP). Considering that the CP and the cinema were born around at the same, we question if the North American cinema produced between 1960 and 2013 show the ideals, which engendered the CP. By answering this question we defend the hypothesis that, even though has existed adjusts and modificati ons in the CP plan through time, it kept reasonably faithful to the ERT premises, propitiating to the XX and XXI centuries cinema identify and bring forth the presence of the Olmsted’s Ideals in the present days. The thesis main objective was nonetheless u nderstand similarities and/or differences between the XIX century ideals (that gave birth to CP) and the way the cinema represents the present uses of the place, taking into account that the Olmstedian ERT proposal have survived to the context changes (soc ial, economic, political and cultural). Methodologically , we drew upon bibliographical and documental analysis to build the first chapters and to the cinema as analytical lenses to investigate the ERT. The results point that although the CP plan has kept r elatively intact and faithful to the ERT – with the presence of natural elements in the films (notably vegetation and water) – many of contemporary behaviors were not foreseen previously, especially in relation to sports practice, the massive feminine pres ence, as well as criminality.
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An important problem faced by the oil industry is to distribute multiple oil products through pipelines. Distribution is done in a network composed of refineries (source nodes), storage parks (intermediate nodes), and terminals (demand nodes) interconnected by a set of pipelines transporting oil and derivatives between adjacent areas. Constraints related to storage limits, delivery time, sources availability, sending and receiving limits, among others, must be satisfied. Some researchers deal with this problem under a discrete viewpoint in which the flow in the network is seen as batches sending. Usually, there is no separation device between batches of different products and the losses due to interfaces may be significant. Minimizing delivery time is a typical objective adopted by engineers when scheduling products sending in pipeline networks. However, costs incurred due to losses in interfaces cannot be disregarded. The cost also depends on pumping expenses, which are mostly due to the electricity cost. Since industrial electricity tariff varies over the day, pumping at different time periods have different cost. This work presents an experimental investigation of computational methods designed to deal with the problem of distributing oil derivatives in networks considering three minimization objectives simultaneously: delivery time, losses due to interfaces and electricity cost. The problem is NP-hard and is addressed with hybrid evolutionary algorithms. Hybridizations are mainly focused on Transgenetic Algorithms and classical multi-objective evolutionary algorithm architectures such as MOEA/D, NSGA2 and SPEA2. Three architectures named MOTA/D, NSTA and SPETA are applied to the problem. An experimental study compares the algorithms on thirty test cases. To analyse the results obtained with the algorithms Pareto-compliant quality indicators are used and the significance of the results evaluated with non-parametric statistical tests.
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The objective of this study was to determine the seasonal and interannual variability and calculate the trends of wind speed in NEB and then validate the mesoscale numerical model for after engage with the microscale numerical model in order to get the wind resource at some locations in the NEB. For this we use two data sets of wind speed (weather stations and anemometric towers) and two dynamic models; one of mesoscale and another of microscale. We use statistical tools to evaluate and validate the data obtained. The simulations of the dynamic mesoscale model were made using data assimilation methods (Newtonian Relaxation and Kalman filter). The main results show: (i) Five homogeneous groups of wind speed in the NEB with higher values in winter and spring and with lower in summer and fall; (ii) The interannual variability of the wind speed in some groups stood out with higher values; (iii) The large-scale circulation modified by the El Niño and La Niña intensified wind speed for the groups with higher values; (iv) The trend analysis showed more significant negative values for G3, G4 and G5 in all seasons and in the annual average; (v) The performance of dynamic mesoscale model showed smaller errors in the locations Paracuru and São João and major errors were observed in Triunfo; (vi) Application of the Kalman filter significantly reduce the systematic errors shown in the simulations of the dynamic mesoscale model; (vii) The wind resource indicate that Paracuru and Triunfo are favorable areas for the generation of energy, and the coupling technique after validation showed better results for Paracuru. We conclude that the objective was achieved, making it possible to identify trends in homogeneous groups of wind behavior, and to evaluate the quality of both simulations with the dynamic model of mesoscale and microscale to answer questions as necessary before planning research projects in Wind-Energy area in the NEB
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The stabilization of energy supply in Brazil has been a challenge for the operation of the National Interconnected System in face of hydrological and climatic variations. Thermoelectric plants have been used as an emergency source for periods of water scarcity. The utilization of fossil fuels, however, has elevated the cost of electricity. On the other hand, offshore wind energy has gained importance in the international context and is competitive enough to become a possibility for future generation in Brazil. In this scenario, the main goal of this thesis was to investigate the magnitude and distribution of offshore wind resources, and also verify the possibilities of complementing hydropower. A data series of precipitation from the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) Blended Sea Winds from the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC/NOAA) were used. According to statistical criteria, three types of complementarity were found in the Brazilian territory: hydro × hydro, wind × wind and hydro × wind. It was noted a significant complementarity between wind and hydro resources (r = -0.65), mainly for the hydrographical basins of the southeast and central regions with Northeastern Brazil winds. To refine the extrapolation of winds over the ocean, a method based on the Monin-Obukhov theory was used to model the stability of the atmospheric boundary layer. Objectively Analyzed Air-Sea Flux (OAFLUX) datasets for heat flux, temperature and humidity, and also sea level pressure data from NCEP/NCAR were used. The ETOPO1 from the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC/NOAA) provided bathymetric data. It was found that shallow waters, between 0-20 meters, have a resource estimated at 559 GW. The contribution of wind resources to hydroelectric reservoir operation was investigated with a simplified hybrid wind-hydraulic model, and reservoir level, inflow, outflow and turbine production data. It was found that the hybrid system avoids drought periods, continuously saving water from reservoirs through wind production. Therefore, from the results obtained, it is possible to state that the good winds from the Brazilian coast can, besides diversifying the electric matrix, stabilize the hydrological fluctuations avoiding rationing and blackouts, reducing the use of thermal power plants, increasing the production cost and emission of greenhouse gases. Public policies targeted to offshore wind energy will be necessary for its full development.