993 resultados para Ontologies (Informàtica)
Resumo:
[ES] El objetivo de este TFG es la obtención de un modelo de negocio de una asesoría informática para PYMES, centrada en el sector turístico, mediante la metodología de desarrollo del cliente utilizando el famoso método del lienzo creado por Alexander Osterwalder. Para la obtención del mismo se han realizado encuestas a cuarenta negocios de la isla de Gran Canaria. El proceso seguido ha consistido en someter el lienzo de trabajo a modificaciones, a fin de obtener hipótesis verificadas y poder crear un catálogo de servicios. En este proyecto se han realizado tres etapas diferentes. En la primera etapa del proceso se realizaron veintidós encuestas, siendo los resultados obtenidos modificaciones en seis de los nueve bloques que forman el lienzo. En la segunda etapa se realizaron dieciséis encuestas, confirmándose los aspectos modificados en la etapa anterior y refinándose aspectos de diferentes bloques del modelo de negocio. Finalmente en la tercera etapa se realizaron catorce encuestas. Los resultados obtenidos no hicieron variar significativamente el modelo de negocio, con lo que se dio por concluido el proceso. El resultado obtenido es el modelo de negocio validado y verificado, así como un catálogo de servicios definidos.
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[ES]El objetivo del este trabajo ha sido diseñar y validar una prueba psicométrica que mida la autoeficacia informática básica de los estudiantes de traducci´on e interpretaci´on. En principio tal escala difiere de otras que miden la autoeficacia inform´atica general no solo en la especificidad de sus contenidos, sino tambi´en en el grado de profundizaci´on requerido en algunos de ellos. La Escala de Autoeficacia Inform´atica B´asica para Traductores (AeIBT) ha mostrado unas propiedades psicom ´etricas adecuadas en este estudio preliminar; a mayor especializaci´on de las tareas menor nivel de confianza en sus capacidades por parte de los estudiantes, pero tambi´en menor influencia ejercida por la ansiedad inform ´atica. El hecho de disponer de una prueba espec´?fica con propiedades psicom´etricas adecuadas, facilitar´a la investigaci´on emp´?rica acerca de la posible influencia de la autoeficacia percibida por los estudiantes sobre su rendimiento en el aprendizaje y uso de las herramientas de traducci´on asi tida por ordenador.
Resumo:
Ontology design and population -core aspects of semantic technologies- re- cently have become fields of great interest due to the increasing need of domain-specific knowledge bases that can boost the use of Semantic Web. For building such knowledge resources, the state of the art tools for ontology design require a lot of human work. Producing meaningful schemas and populating them with domain-specific data is in fact a very difficult and time-consuming task. Even more if the task consists in modelling knowledge at a web scale. The primary aim of this work is to investigate a novel and flexible method- ology for automatically learning ontology from textual data, lightening the human workload required for conceptualizing domain-specific knowledge and populating an extracted schema with real data, speeding up the whole ontology production process. Here computational linguistics plays a fundamental role, from automati- cally identifying facts from natural language and extracting frame of relations among recognized entities, to producing linked data with which extending existing knowledge bases or creating new ones. In the state of the art, automatic ontology learning systems are mainly based on plain-pipelined linguistics classifiers performing tasks such as Named Entity recognition, Entity resolution, Taxonomy and Relation extraction [11]. These approaches present some weaknesses, specially in capturing struc- tures through which the meaning of complex concepts is expressed [24]. Humans, in fact, tend to organize knowledge in well-defined patterns, which include participant entities and meaningful relations linking entities with each other. In literature, these structures have been called Semantic Frames by Fill- 6 Introduction more [20], or more recently as Knowledge Patterns [23]. Some NLP studies has recently shown the possibility of performing more accurate deep parsing with the ability of logically understanding the structure of discourse [7]. In this work, some of these technologies have been investigated and em- ployed to produce accurate ontology schemas. The long-term goal is to collect large amounts of semantically structured information from the web of crowds, through an automated process, in order to identify and investigate the cognitive patterns used by human to organize their knowledge.
Resumo:
The thesis explores ways to formalize the legal knowledge concerning the public procurement domain by means of ontological patterns suitable, on one hand, to support awarding authorities in conducting procurement procedures and, on the other hand, to help citizens and economic operators in accessing procurement's notices and data. Such an investigation on the making up of conceptual models for the public procurement domain, in turn, inspires and motivates a reflection on the role of legal ontologies nowadays, as in the past, retracing the steps of the ``ontological legal thinking'' from Roman Law up to now. I try, at the same time, to forecast the impact, in terms of benefits, challenges and critical issues, of the application of computational models of Law in future e-Governance scenarios.
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ABSTRACT ONTOLOGIES AND METHODS FOR INTEROPERABILITY OF ENGINEERING ANALYSIS MODELS (EAMS) IN AN E-DESIGN ENVIRONMENT SEPTEMBER 2007 NEELIMA KANURI, B.S., BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES PILANI INDIA M.S., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Directed by: Professor Ian Grosse Interoperability is the ability of two or more systems to exchange and reuse information efficiently. This thesis presents new techniques for interoperating engineering tools using ontologies as the basis for representing, visualizing, reasoning about, and securely exchanging abstract engineering knowledge between software systems. The specific engineering domain that is the primary focus of this report is the modeling knowledge associated with the development of engineering analysis models (EAMs). This abstract modeling knowledge has been used to support integration of analysis and optimization tools in iSIGHT FD , a commercial engineering environment. ANSYS , a commercial FEA tool, has been wrapped as an analysis service available inside of iSIGHT-FD. Engineering analysis modeling (EAM) ontology has been developed and instantiated to form a knowledge base for representing analysis modeling knowledge. The instances of the knowledge base are the analysis models of real world applications. To illustrate how abstract modeling knowledge can be exploited for useful purposes, a cantilever I-Beam design optimization problem has been used as a test bed proof-of-concept application. Two distinct finite element models of the I-beam are available to analyze a given beam design- a beam-element finite element model with potentially lower accuracy but significantly reduced computational costs and a high fidelity, high cost, shell-element finite element model. The goal is to obtain an optimized I-beam design at minimum computational expense. An intelligent KB tool was developed and implemented in FiPER . This tool reasons about the modeling knowledge to intelligently shift between the beam and the shell element models during an optimization process to select the best analysis model for a given optimization design state. In addition to improved interoperability and design optimization, methods are developed and presented that demonstrate the ability to operate on ontological knowledge bases to perform important engineering tasks. One such method is the automatic technical report generation method which converts the modeling knowledge associated with an analysis model to a flat technical report. The second method is a secure knowledge sharing method which allocates permissions to portions of knowledge to control knowledge access and sharing. Both the methods acting together enable recipient specific fine grain controlled knowledge viewing and sharing in an engineering workflow integration environment, such as iSIGHT-FD. These methods together play a very efficient role in reducing the large scale inefficiencies existing in current product design and development cycles due to poor knowledge sharing and reuse between people and software engineering tools. This work is a significant advance in both understanding and application of integration of knowledge in a distributed engineering design framework.
Resumo:
Traditionally, ontologies describe knowledge representation in a denotational, formalized, and deductive way. In addition, in this paper, we propose a semiotic, inductive, and approximate approach to ontology creation. We define a conceptual framework, a semantics extraction algorithm, and a first proof of concept applying the algorithm to a small set of Wikipedia documents. Intended as an extension to the prevailing top-down ontologies, we introduce an inductive fuzzy grassroots ontology, which organizes itself organically from existing natural language Web content. Using inductive and approximate reasoning to reflect the natural way in which knowledge is processed, the ontology’s bottom-up build process creates emergent semantics learned from the Web. By this means, the ontology acts as a hub for computing with words described in natural language. For Web users, the structural semantics are visualized as inductive fuzzy cognitive maps, allowing an initial form of intelligence amplification. Eventually, we present an implementation of our inductive fuzzy grassroots ontology Thus,this paper contributes an algorithm for the extraction of fuzzy grassroots ontologies from Web data by inductive fuzzy classification.
Conflicting Ontologies? Rabbinic Kinship Concepts and the Formation of Same-Sex Parenthood in Israel
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Because the knowledge in the World Wide Web is continuously expanding, Web Knowledge Aggregation, Representation and Reasoning (abbreviated as KR) is becoming increasingly important. This article demonstrates how fuzzy ontologies can be used in KR to improve the interactions between humans and computers. The gap between the Social and Semantic Web can be reduced, and a Social Semantic Web may become possible. As an illustrative example, we demonstrate how fuzzy logic and KR can enhance technologies for cognitive cities. The underlying notion of these technologies is based on connectivism, which can be improved by incorporating the results of digital humanities research.
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Este proyecto, generado a partir de las demandas que se exponen al Área de Informática desde los ámbitos internos y externos de la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales (FHyCS) de la Universidad Nacional de Misiones (UNAM), plantea una doble perspectiva de análisis teórico-operativo: como espacio curricular de aprendizaje con características propias y como centro de recursos de tecnología informática, surgidas a partir de las reorientaciones del área y su impacto sobre el cambio organizacional. El diseño investigativo de evaluación diagnóstica e intervención contempla las peculiaridades de diversas áreas de conocimientos que contribuyen a la resolución del problema inicial a partir de convergencias paradigmáticas, teorías, metodológicas y de datos estratégicamente triangulados. Todo esto con el convencimiento de que las instituciones de educación superior pueden promover acciones coordinadas y articuladas entre sus académicos, y focalizar sus esfuerzos de investigación e intervención hacia el mejoramiento de las condiciones de vida y de trabajo en sus ámbitos institucionales. Con este proyecto de investigación se busca aportar elementos teóricos, conceptuales y críticos para abordar la consolidación y desarrollo curricular y de gestión del Área de Informática a través de la formulación de un plan estratégico y participativo entre todos los actores sociales del área.
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Este proyecto, generado desde las demandas que se exponen al Área de Informática provenientes de los ámbitos internos y externos de la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales (FHyCS) de la Universidad Nacional de Misiones (UNaM), plantea una doble perspectiva: un espacio curricular de aprendizaje con características propias y un centro de recursos de tecnología informática, surgidas a partir de las reorientaciones del área y su impacto sobre el cambio curricular El diseño contempla las peculiaridades de diversas áreas de conocimientos que contribuyen a la discusión de teorías, enfoques metodológicos generales y específicos con sus respectivas técnicas, validaciones y la formulación de una evaluación consensuada sobre el área de informática, tendiente a reorientar su quehacer e impactos curriculares. Todo esto con el convencimiento de que las instituciones de educación superior pueden promover acciones coordinadas y articuladas entre sus académicos, y focalizar sus esfuerzos de investigación y tecnológicos hacia el mejoramiento de las condiciones de vida y de trabajo en sus ámbitos institucionales. Con este proyecto de investigación se busca aportar elementos teóricos, conceptuales y críticos para abordar la consolidación y desarrollo del Área de Informática a través de la formulación de un plan estratégico y participativo entre todos los actores sociales del área.
Resumo:
El buen uso de la computadora y de las múltiples posibilidades que ella ofrece, puede cumplir un papel importante en el avance de los estudios. Este libro es un material didáctico cuya finalidad es introducir al alumno en el mundo de la informática. Se editó como material de aprendizaje destinado al personal de seguridad pública de la Provincia de Mendoza en el marco del proyecto pedagógico con modalidad a distancia para la terminalidad de estudios de EGB3 y Educación Polimodal –EDITEP–, implementado a partir de la firma del Convenio entre la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo y el Gobierno de la Provincia de Mendoza, en octubre de 2003.