La excepción argentina. Construcción del Estado y de la Iglesia en el siglo XIX (Estudios)

Around 1930, Argentina was one of the richest, most dynamic and modern countries in Latin America and, at the same time, the only one on the continent that had not separated Church from State. This observation can be summed up and singled out among the many hypotheses during the last decades that have permitted the questioning of the most schematic, linear and teleological reports concerning the secularization process. This article puts forward a report concerning the double process of state and ecclesiastical construction in Argentina in the Nineteenth Century. Its purpose is to suggest keys for understanding said report that permit the comprehension of special features concerning the type of laicism that Argentina adopted at the beginning of the Twentieth Century.

La arquitectura modernista a mediados del siglo XX en Quito como articulación preponderante del proceso de desarrollo de la imagen urbana de la ciudad

El estudio aquí desarrollado se propone encontrar asideros concretos (testimonios), en términos de Arquitectura y de Diseño Urbano, en el proceso de desarrollo de la ciudad de Quito. Asideros concretos que den testimonio de la evolución de la cultura y de la sociedad sobre las maneras de ser de los productos de la cultura material. Se ha propuesto evidenciar la relación entre urbanismo e historia, a través de la identificación de los cambios en los modos de ser de la arquitectura y de la ciudad, sobre la base de los cambios en los modos de ser geopolíticos, económicos y culturales de la sociedad. Se ha seguido la línea expresiva (estilística), de los períodos históricos marcados: culturas autóctonas, indígenas, incario, Colonia, República siglo XIX, República siglos XX y XXI; para, dentro de este contexto, poder interpretar la época puntual del análisis de este estudio: mediados del siglo XX, Arquitectura Moderna. Se ha propuesto demostrar que el momento histórico analizado fue, de la misma manera que los dos momentos anteriores: Arquitectura y ciudad española, superpuesta a lo incásico. Arquitectura “Republicana”, superpuesta a lo colonial; y, finalmente, Arquitectura Moderna, superpuesta a lo republicano. Un momento de transición y de articulación en el cambio de la imagen de la ciudad. Se ha propuesto, en este estudio, demostrar que en el momento analizado se desplegaron los únicos recursos técnicos de planificación, en la sociedad industrial del siglo XX, que permitieron que el crecimiento de la ciudad de Quito se regule y se organice.

O sentido do sagrado e sua interpretação arquitetônica na América Latina do século XX [1930-1960]

Este trabalho consiste em um estudo sobre a arquitetura religiosa produzida no século XX na América Latina, enfocando a interpretação deste tema no período compreendido entre 1930 e 1960. Primeiramente, discorre-se sobre a tradição na arquitetura eclesiástica, abordando aspectos históricos e projetuais, desde a origem das primitivas basílicas cristãs até às igrejas modernas; após, trata-se sobre o movimento de renovação litúrgica, iniciado no final do século XIX, e as transformações decorrentes do mesmo; e, concluindo esta primeira parte, aborda-se o surgimento da arquitetura moderna na América Latina, bem como suas características e particularidades. Na segunda parte, tendo como casos, relevantes edificações sacras da América Latina, realiza-se, inicialmente, a descrição caso a caso e, após, a análise da interpretação sacra, através de temas arquitetônicos, quais sejam: organização planimétrica e espacial, tratamento de superfícies, configuração volumétrica, proporções e escala, aberturas e uso da luz.

Revisitando a obra de Celestin Freinet: limites e possibilidades de uma proposta de educação popular na escola pública

Esta dissertação analisa a obra que Célestin Freinet, professor primário público desenvolveu na Fiança entre 1920 e 1966. Esta obra só se torna compreensível em profundidade, se recolocada no contexto sócio-econômico,político e educacional em que foi gerada: a formação do capitalismo francês, com suas peculiaridades e o tipo de sociedade que engendrou; o regime republicano nascido da Revolução de 1789, que atinge seu auge no final do século XIX e início do século XX, com o advento da Terceira República; a escola pública, pedra angular deste regime e palco da batalha pela definitiva instauração do republicanismo no país e, finalmente, o corpo docente, principal, ator desta batalha.

Mãe-esposa e professora: educadoras no final do século XIX

This text is organized through discussions undertaken in the area of the History of Education in Rio Grande do Norte, circumscribed to the History of Women from the first decades of the Brazilian Republic, and to the analysis of what was expected of this education. We examined representations of women in Natal, between 1889 and 1914, with the goal of configuring relations between the sexes with the emphasis on moral, intellectual and pedagogical aspects required of these women. As documental sources we utilized the educational, civil and criminal Legislation, on a National scope, as well as on a State and Municipal scope. We circumscribed our search to the newspaper A República, in which we found literature that circulated in Natal in the form of pamphlets, short stories and poetry, as well as other texts by authors that were part of the corpus of analysis of this study, located in public and private archives in Rio Grande do Norte, such as the Historical and Geographic Institute of Rio Grande do Norte (IHGRN) and the State Public Archive of Rio Grande do Norte (APE-RN). The use of the indexing method and the propositions of Cultural History were the appropriate theoretical-methodological framework to complete studies of this nature. This operational perspective permitted us to elaborate nuances about this time of transition from the 19th to the 20th Century, and to spotlight the fire of the women from this period. The basis of the argument that related women to maternity and domesticity, and within the ideals of abnegation and religious leadership, aligned to a demand coming from the increase in the quantity of schools for women, allocated women as the most appropriate for superior in educational performance in the country, based on its foundations: primary education. Beyond the universe of formal education, the other side of women appeared in republican politics. The mother-spouse and the institutionalization of domestic education associated the female gender with the role of educator at home as well. Be it in the public sphere, as a teacher, or in private, as mother-spouse, female care is perceived in this configuration, as an educational base that the Republic, and in transition, bequeathed to the Brazilian 20th Century

Adrien-Marie Legendre (1752-1833) e suas obras em Teoria dos Números

The present thesis is an analysis of Adrien-Marie Legendre s works on Number Theory, with a certain emphasis on his 1830 edition of Theory of Numbers. The role played by these works in their historical context and their influence on the development of Number Theory was investigated. A biographic study of Legendre (1752-1833) was undertaken, in which both his personal relations and his scientific productions were related to certain historical elements of the development of both his homeland, France, and the sciences in general, during the 18th and 19th centuries This study revealed notable characteristics of his personality, as well as his attitudes toward his mathematical contemporaries, especially with regard to his seemingly incessant quarrels with Gauss about the priority of various of their scientific discoveries. This is followed by a systematic study of Lagrange s work on Number Theory, including a comparative reading of certain topics, especially that of his renowned law of quadratic reciprocity, with texts of some of his contemporaries. In this way, the dynamics of the evolution of his thought in relation to his semantics, the organization of his demonstrations and his number theoretical discoveries was delimited. Finally, the impact of Legendre s work on Number Theory on the French mathematical community of the time was investigated. This investigation revealed that he not only made substantial contributions to this branch of Mathematics, but also inspired other mathematicians to advance this science even further. This indeed is a fitting legacy for his Theory of Numbers, the first modern text on Higher Arithmetic, on which he labored half his life, producing various editions. Nevertheless, Legendre also received many posthumous honors, including having his name perpetuated on the Trocadéro face of the Eiffel Tower, which contains a list of 72 eminent scientists, and having a street and an alley in Paris named after him

Aquelas leituras formadoras de culturas (Caicó-RN, século XIX)

La lecture faite du livre Seridó − XIXème siècle (Fazendas & livros), des historiens Medeiros Filhos et Faria, a été ce qui a déclenché l écrit de cette thèse de doctorat. La lecture intensive de ce livre a conduit au corpus documentaire de la recherche (livres scolaires, religieux et laïques, chronique, discours, documents ecclésiastiques, inventaires, testaments, mémoires d'enfance, articles journalistiques, rapports), et aussi au corpus du référentiel théorico-méthodologique de l'histoire culturelle de la lecture, en correspondance avec Roger Chartier et Robert Darnton. Dans la rigueur de l'écriture de la thèse, la recherche relative à la thématique lecture et absorptions culturelles nous a menés à définir comme objet d'étude les pratiques culturelles appropriées pertinemment aux lectures faites, entendues, murmurées, de nombreuses fois répétées et mémorisées, de livres scolaires imprimés, religieux et laïques qui circulaient à Caicó, dans les années mille huit cents. En vue de la lecture intensive et de l'extensive, l'objectif est d analyser, d'une part, des indices d'absorptions ou appropriations culturelles des enseignements de ces pratiques de lecture et, d'autre part, les entrelacements des enseignements relatifs à l'oralité, à la lecture, à l'écrit et à la scolarisation. La thèse défendue est que l'histoire de la lecture à Caicó, au XIXème siècle, est l'histoire de la lecture faite, entendue, murmurée, répétée et, encore, mémorisée, qui, soutenue par des textes de livres scolaires, religieux et laïques, se convertissait dans la production de biens culturels spécifiques, comme des cartes, inventaires, remèdes homéopátiques et faits maison, testaments, prières fortes de cure, vers de cordel, parmi beaucoup d'autres. En commençant avec l'intention d écrire une histoire de la lecture à Caicó, au XIXème siècle, nous comprenons que les pratiques culturelles, spécialement les pratiques des coutumes seridoenses, sont, excessivement, le résultat des appropriations de lectures de textes scolaires, religieux et laïques, stimulatrices d'autres pratiques de lectures intensives et extensives. Si la lecture faite, entendue, répétée, mémorisée et reconnue est liée à des pratiques de coutumes universelles et locales, malgré cela la force de l'oralité aurait été l élément essentiel de la reproduction et de la longévité de cette lecture, ainsi que de son passage du XIXème siècle au XXème et, encore, des vestiges de certaines permanences de ce XXIème siècle. En partie, ce réseau de pratiques culturelles, reproduit par la force de la transmission orale, persiste depuis l époque de nos arrière-arrière-grand-parents

Habitação e modernização: Cidade Nova e maneiras de viver em Natal no início do século XX

Analyses the presence of new standards of habitation detected in the construction of the region called Cidade Nova, in the first s years of the XX century. Associates the presence of these new patterns with the historical moment lived by the capital, marked by the urban modernization and by the changes of local life. Map voices that, introduced by the republican groups since 1889, pronounced the overcome of the old city of the XIX century asseverated a new model of town. Make use, as fundamental fonts of research, of the urban chronicles produced by the local intellectuals and the newspapers, like A República. Dialog with chronics that includes since propositions about the colonial past until the preoccupations about the acting of the State on how to order the public space. Identifies on those texts the political motivations and the elements whose where inherent to capitalism that accelerated the changes occurred in the urban space. Demonstrates the gradual occupation of Cidade Nova as an important modification happened in the city from that time on. That neighborhood adopted a new model on how to construct the houses of their citizens and helped to promote the urban life as a whole. From now on, Natal has a space meant for the home of their richest families. Recognizes, from many ways, many discourses, manners of living that was legitimized by the changing of the XIX to the XX century and has his highest point in the 1920´s. And it was representative of the strong attachment about the habits of refinery and order in the essence of the private life of the local urban elites

A festa da urbe e o nascimento da cidade: A Cidade Antiga como prelúdio da modernidade

This work is a result of an research that aims to understand in which way the work The Ancient City of the French historian Fustel de Coulanges built a moral model for the institutions and for the construction of the French territory in the century XIX understood like The Modern City . Our intention is to present a study on the way like the ancient city it was built, when nationalist of century XIX is taking into account his connections with the space reforms and the discussion in France. In this sense, we go besides the works of the historiography of the century XIX on this subject and of the articles and tests of the beginning of the century XX, when urbanity planner tied the narrative Scientifics of Fustel with the discussion in France of this period and his contribution, through this connection between history and space, with the national education of the individuals and the formation of the French identity. In this way, we understand which History, Nation and Space were the bases of sustenance of the theory of Coulanges about The Ancient City and of the formation of the French territory. Besides, the discussion historiography between Frenchmen and Germans on the origins of his respective nations influenced Coulanges the perspective of narrating a history of the Antiquity, taking into account the cultural approach of the past and the modern Institutions

A moderna agricultura no final do século XIX em São Paulo: algumas propostas

Esta pesquisa se insere dentro da história da agricultura no Brasil, especialmente no Estado de São Paulo, a partir da segunda metade do século XIX, início do século XX. As propostas de modernização agrícola giravam em torno de diferentes assuntos, mas sempre interligados, como: diversificação da agricultura, adubação química e natural, cultura intensiva do solo, mão de obra, povoamento e colonização, instalação de núcleos coloniais dentro dos moldes da moderna agricultura então desejada, instrução agrícola por meio de campos de experiências e demonstração, ensino agrícola para diferentes graus, a mecanização da lavoura, o que era chamado, na época, de Moderna Agricultura, em substituição ao que era considerado como agricultura rotineira ou atrasada, praticada desde o início da agricultura no Brasil.

A metáfora do Bogatyr: o corpo acrobata e a cena russa no início do século XX

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Teatro a vapor de Arthur Azevedo: um olhar satírico sobre o Rio de Janeiro do início do século XX

Pós-graduação em Estudos Literários - FCLAR

Contra o liberalismo, a favor da democracia: a concepção política da igreja católica em meados do século XX

Pós-graduação em História - FCHS

Nacionalismo, cosmopolitismo e afrancesamento em Mon coeur balance e Leur âme, de Oswald de Andrade e Guilherme de Almeida

Pós-graduação em História - FCLAS

A expressão do tempo futuro no português brasileiro dos séculos XVIII ao XX

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)