Normalização automática de descrições de hotéis

As descrições de produtos turísticos na área da hotelaria, aviação, rent-a-car e pacotes de férias baseiam-se sobretudo em descrições textuais em língua natural muito heterogénea com estilos, apresentações e conteúdos muito diferentes entre si. Uma vez que o sector do turismo é bastante dinâmico e que os seus produtos e ofertas estão constantemente em alteração, o tratamento manual de normalização de toda essa informação não é possível. Neste trabalho construiu-se um protótipo que permite a classificação e extracção automática de informação a partir de descrições de produtos de turismo. Inicialmente a informação é classificada quanto ao tipo. Seguidamente são extraídos os elementos relevantes de cada tipo e gerados objectos facilmente computáveis. Sobre os objectos extraídos, o protótipo com recurso a modelos de textos e imagens gera automaticamente descrições normalizadas e orientadas a um determinado mercado. Esta versatilidade permite um novo conjunto de serviços na promoção e venda dos produtos que seria impossível implementar com a informação original. Este protótipo, embora possa ser aplicado a outros domínios, foi avaliado na normalização da descrição de hotéis. As frases descritivas do hotel são classificadas consoante o seu tipo (Local, Serviços e/ou Equipamento) através de um algoritmo de aprendizagem automática que obtém valores médios de cobertura de 96% e precisão de 72%. A cobertura foi considerada a medida mais importante uma vez que a sua maximização permite que não se percam frases para processamentos posteriores. Este trabalho permitiu também a construção e população de uma base de dados de hotéis que possibilita a pesquisa de hotéis pelas suas características. Esta funcionalidade não seria possível utilizando os conteúdos originais. ABSTRACT: The description of tourism products, like hotel, aviation, rent-a-car and holiday packages, is strongly supported on natural language expressions. Due to the extent of tourism offers and considering the high dynamics in the tourism sector, manual data management is not a reliable or scalable solution. Offer descriptions - in the order of thousands - are structured in different ways, possibly comprising different languages, complementing and/or overlap one another. This work aims at creating a prototype for the automatic classification and extraction of relevant knowledge from tourism-related text expressions. Captured knowledge is represented in a normalized/standard format to enable new services based on this information in order to promote and sale tourism products that would be impossible to implement with the raw information. Although it could be applied to other areas, this prototype was evaluated in the normalization of hotel descriptions. Hotels descriptive sentences are classified according their type (Location, Services and/or Equipment) using a machine learning algorithm. The built setting obtained an average recall of 96% and precision of 72%. Recall considered the most important measure of performance since its maximization allows that sentences were not lost in further processes. As a side product a database of hotels was built and populated with search facilities on its characteristics. This ability would not be possible using the original contents.

Plant life in Alpine Switzerland; being an account in simple language of the natural history of Alpine plants.

Bibliography: p. 333-336.

The standard dictionary of facts; history, language, literature, biography, geography, travel, art, government, politics, industry, invention, commerce, science, education, natural history, statistics and miscellany,

Mode of access: Internet.

Palestine explored : with a view to its present natural features, and to the prevailing manners, customs, rites, and colloquial expressions of its people, which throw light on the figurative language of the Bible /

Includes bibliographical references and indexes.

Elements of physics; or, Natural philosophy, general and medical : written for universal use, in plain or non-technical language; and containing new disquistions and practical suggestions. Comprised in five parts. 1st. Somatology, statics, and dynamics. 2nd. Mechanics. 3rd Pneumatics, hydraulics, and acoustics. 4th. Heat and light. 5th. Animal and medical physics ... /

Mode of access: Internet.

Practical lessons in Welsh in imitation of the natural method of learning to speak a language.

Mode of access: Internet.

A manual of phonography, or, Writing by sound : a natural method of writing by signs that represent the sounds of language, and adapted to the English language as a complete system of phonetic shorthand /

Mode of access: Internet.

Plant life in Alpine Switzerland : being an account in simple language of the natural history of Alpine plants.

Bibliography: pages 333-335.

The evidences of the Christian religion, with additional discourses on the following subjects, viz: Of God, and his attributes. The power and wisdom of God in the creation. The providence of God. The worship of God. Advantages of revelation above natural reason. Excellency of the Christian institution. Dignity of the Scripture language. Against atheism and infidelity. Against the modern free-thinkers. Immortality of the soul, and a future state. Death and judgment.

Shaw-Shoemaker

The standard dictionary of facts; history, language, literature, biography, geography, travel, art, government, politics, industry, invention, commerce, science, education, natural history, statistics, miscellany; a practical handbook of ready reference based upon everyday needs,

Mode of access: Internet.

The standard dictionary of facts;, history, language, literature, biography, geography, travel, art, government, politics, industry, invention, commerce, science, education, natural history, statistics and miscellany; a practical handbook of ready reference based upon everyday needs,

Mode of access: Internet.

Narrative of a tour through Hawaii, or Owhyhee; with observations on the natural of the Sandwich Islands, and remarks on the manners, customs, traditions, history, and language of the inhabitants.

Mode of access: Internet.

A descriptive vocabulary of the language in common use amongst the aborigines of western Australia, embodying much interesting information regarding the ... natives and the natural history of the country.

Mode of access: Internet.

Elements of physics: or, Natural philosophy, general and medical: written for universal use, in plain or non-technical language; and containing new disquisitions and practical suggestions. In two volumes.

Mode of access: Internet.