946 resultados para N fertilization


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The embryological characters of Crawfurdia delavayi Frabnch. are described and the systematic relationships of Crawfurdia discussed. Anthers are tetrasporangiate. The development of anther walls conforms to the Dicotyledonous type. The tapetum is of single origin. The development of the tapetum with uninucleate cells is of the glandular type. The tapetal cells on the connective side show radial elongation or periclinal division and intrude into the anther locule. The epidermis of anther walls persists and its cells become pillar and fibrous, and the endothecium degenerates. The ovary is bicarpellary and unilocular. The placentation is typically parietal with 8 rows of anatropous ovules. The development of embryo sac is of the polygonum type. Before fertilization, two polar nuclei fuse into a secondary nucleus. Three antipodal cells persist. Flowers are protandrous. Fertilization is porogamous. The development of the endosperm is of the nuclear type. The embryogeny corresponds to the solanad type physalis II variation. The embryological data indicate that it is better to separate Crawfurdia from Gentiana as an independent genus.

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The East Kunlun area of Xinjiang (briefly EKAX) is the western part of broadly speaking East Kunlun orogenic zone. The absence of geological data (especially ophiolites) on this area has constrained our recognition to its geology since many years. Fund by National 305 Item (96-915-06-03), this paper, by choosing the two ophiolite zones (Muztag and Southwestern Margin of Aqikekule Lake ophiolite zones) exposed at EKAX as the studied objects and by the analysis of thin section, electron probe, XRF, ICP-MS, SEM and Sm-Nd isotope, totally and sys ematically dealt with the field geological, petrological, minerological, petrochemical and geochemical characteristics (including trace, rare earth element and Sm-Nd isotope) and the tectonic setting indicated by them for each ophilite zone. Especially, this paper discussed the trace and rare earth element patterns for metamorphic peridotites, their implications and related them to the other components of ophiolite in order to totally disclose ophiolite origins. Besides, this paper also studied the petrological, geochemical and paleobiological characteristics for the cherts coexsisted with the Muztag ophiolite and the tectonic setting indicated by them. Based on these, the author discussed the tectonic evolution from Proterozoic to Permian for this area. For Muztag ophiolite, their field geological, petrological, minerological, petrochemical and geochemical characteristics show that: ① outcropped along the Muztag-Jingyuhu fault with west-to-east strike, the ophiolite is composed of such three components as metamorphic peridotites, cumulates and volcanic rocks; ② metamophic peridotites consist of such types as lherzolites, serpentinized lherzolites and serpentinites, only pyroxenites is seen of cumulates and volcanic rocks include basalts, basaltic andesites and andesites; ③ mineralogical data on this ophiolite suggest it formed in supra-subduction zone (SSZ)environment, and its mantle wedge is heterogeneous; ④ whole-rock TiO_2 and Al_2O_3 of metamorphic peridotites indicate their original environment with the MORB and SSZ characteristics; ⑤ metamorphic peridotites have depleted LREE and flat REE patterns and volcanic rocks have enriched LREE patterns; ⑥ trace element characteristics of metamorphic peridotites imply that they had undergone Nb and Ta enrichment event after partial melting; ⑦ trace element characteristics of volcanic rocks and their tectonic diagrams show they are formed in the spreading and developed island arc environment with back-arc basin, such as rifted island arc, which is supported by the ε_(Nd)(t) -2.11~+3.44. In summary, the above evidence implies that Muztag ophiolite is formed in SSZ environment, where heterogeneous mantle wedge was metasomatised by the silica-enriched melt from subducted sediments and/or oceanic crust, which makes the mantle wedge enriched again, and this enriched mantle wedge later partially melted to form the volcanic rocks. For Southwestern Margin of Aqikekule Lake ophiolite, their field geological, petrological, minerological, petrochemical and geochemical characteristics show that: ① it outcropped as tectonic slices along the near west-to-east strike Kunzhong fault and is composed of metamorphic perodotties, cumulates and volcanic rocks, in which, chromites are distributed in the upper part of metamorphic peridotites as pods, or in the lower part of cumulates as near-strata; ② metamorphic peridotites include serpentinites, chromite-bearing serpentinites, thlorite-epidote schists and chromitites, of which, chromitites have nodular and orbicular structure, and cumulates include pyroxenits, serpentinites, chromite-bearing serpentinites, chromites and metamorphically mafic rocks and only basalts are seen in volcanic rocks; ③ Cr# of chromites suggest that they formed in the SSZ and Al_2O_3 and TiO_2 of metamorphic peridotites also suggest SSZ environment; ④metamorphic peridotites have V type and enriched LREE patterns, cumulates have from strongly depleted LREE, flat REE to enriched LREE patterns with universally striking positive Eu anomalies and basalts show flat REE or slight enriched LREE patterns with no Eu anomalies; ⑤ trace element and Sm-Nd isotope characteristics of metamorphic peridotites imply their strikingly heterogeneous mantle character(ε_(Nd)(t)+4.39~+26.20) and later Nb, Ta fertilization; ⑥ trace element characteristics of basalts and their tectonic diagrams show they probably formed in the rifted island arc or back-arc basin enviromnent. In summary, the above evidence shows that this ophiolite formed in the SSZ environment and melts from subudcted plate are joined during its formation. Rare earth element, whole-rock and sedimentary characteristics of cherts with the Muztag ophiolite show that they formed in the continental margin environment with developed back-arc basin, and radiolarias in the cherts indicate that the upper age of Muztag ophiolite is early carboniferous. Based on the accreted wedge models of Professor Li Jiliang for Kunlunshan Mountain and combined with study on the two typical ophiolite profiles of EKAX, the author discussed the tectonic evolution of EKAX from Proterzoic to Permian.

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1993

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2002

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1987

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Adubacao; Gesso agricola; Correcao da acidez do solo.

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Investimentos em tecnologia: a nova realidade da nova agricultura; Manejo do solo; Clima; Cultivares; Populacao, densidade e epocas de semeadura; Instalacao da lavoura; Controle de plantas daninhas; Manejo de pragas; Controle de doencas; Colheita.

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Melhoramento de soja para alimentacao humana; Manejo do solo; Clima; Cultivares; Populacao e densidade de semeadura; Epocas de semeadura; Instalacao da lavoura; Controle de plantas daninhas; Manejo de pragas; Controle de doencas; Colheita.

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Situacao da producao; Valor nutritivo da soja; Funcoes dos nutrientes: Macronutrientes (N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S) Nitrogenio, Fosforo, Potassio, Calcio, Magnesio, Enxofre e Micronutrientes (Fe, Mn, An, Cu, B, Mo, Cl, Ni e Co) Ferro, Boro, Cloro, Molibdenio, Cobre, Zinco, Manganes, Niquel, Cobalto; Exigencias nutricionais da soja: Extracao e exportacao de nutrientes, Acumulo de materia seca da planta, Acumulo de nutrientes na planta; Respostas da soja a nutrientes aplicados: Nitrogenio, Potassio, Enxofre, Molibdenio, Interacao entre nutrientes (Nitrogenio e Potassio, Fosforo e potassio, Nitrogenio e enxofre, Fosforo, enxofre e molibdenio, Enxofre e zinco).

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Exigencias nutricionais; Adubacao para a soja; Calagem.

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Calagem e adubacao; Cultivares recomendadas; Populacao, densidade e epocas de semeadura; Instalacao da lavoura; Tecnologia de sementes; Estabelecimento de campo de semente; Colheita; Avaliacao da qualidade das sementes; Fitopatologia; Recomendacoes gerais; Tratamento de sementes; Cancro da haste; Plantas daninhas; Manejo de pragas.

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No Sistema Plantio Direto (SPD), o ambiente edáfico é profundamente alterado em relação ao sistema convencional de preparo do solo, que se caracteriza pelo uso intenso de implementos para o revolvimento deste. As condições encontradas em cultivos sob SPD são resultantes dos efeitos da manutenção dos resíduos sobre a superfície, do incremento do teor da matéria orgânica, da pequena movimentação ou perturbação do solo e da maior atividade de micro-organismos sobre os demais atributos físicos, químicos e biológicos. Trabalhos de pesquisa realizados em diferentes regiões do País têm demonstrado que essas alterações resultam em maior eficiência de aproveitamento dos nutrientes e da água no solo, permitindo a aplicação de fertilizantes a lanço, em superfície. A antecipação desta prática agrícola pode conferir maior rapidez na execução da semeadura, aumentando a possibilidade da implantação da cultura dentro da época mais adequada, com ganhos indiretos na produtividade da cultura de verão. A presente revisão bibliográfica tem por objetivo explorar o embasamento teórico relacionado à adubação antecipada para as culturas de verão, notadamente soja e milho, de maneira a auxiliar na tomada de decisão quanto a sua adoção. Resultados de pesquisa realizados em diferentes condições edafoclimáticas indicam que, em áreas cultivadas no SPD que ainda apresentam baixa a média disponibilidade de fósforo e/ou potássio, a adubação deve ser efetuada no sulco de semeadura, principalmente na cultura do milho. Por outro lado, em áreas com alta fertilidade é possível optar-se pela adubação antecipada da cultura de verão, desde que o sistema produtivo utilizado permita a adequada manutenção da cobertura vegetal e o acúmulo de matéria orgânica no solo, principalmente. O sucesso da adoção Adubação Antecipada no Sistema Plantio Direto desta prática também está relacionado à ausência de limitação física e/ou química na camada subsuperficial, à adoção de práticas de controle de erosão e ao manejo adequado de plantas daninhas, princípios fundamentais do SPD.