The use of music education in oral schools for children who are deaf and hard of hearing

This paper is a survey and discussion of the teaching methods, objectives, and benefits associated with music programs in oral schools for children who are deaf and hard of hearing.

Influencia de la combinación de marketing digital y marketing tradicional en el comportamiento de las ventas empresariales. Caso: música digital Universal Music Ecuador

Las ventas del formato físico de música se han reducido en Ecuador por falta de control de la piratería y elevados precios de venta al público, provocando la reducción de tiendas discos y el fortalecimiento de la ilegalidad. El lanzamiento de tiendas digitales legales de música en el país representa una oportunidad para las compañías discográficas de impulsar el consumo de música digital, destacando iTunes como la plataforma de mayor difusión y penetración, frente a la cual ninguna compañía ha desarrollado una estrategia. Universal Music es la compañía discográfica número uno en el mundo, y en Ecuador la única con operaciones propias, para la que se propone una estrategia mixta de marketing tradicional y digital, siguiendo una estrategia genérica de enfoque, actual en la empresa, orientada al segmento joven y joven – adulto y estrategias específicas de: penetración de mercado a través del diseño de un plan de comunicación de medios online y offline que promueva la venta del producto digital de la empresa en iTunes e incremente su participación en el mercado musical digital del país, y una estrategia específica de diversificación concéntrica proponiendo la música digital como nuevo formato de calidad, variedad y bajo costo para un mercado que opta por la piratería ante la falta de opciones. El plan de acción considera estrategias y herramientas obtenidas el análisis de las 4 P tradicionales y las 4 nuevas P, desde un enfoque online y offline de product e- marketing, e-promotion, e- communication, e-advertising, ecommerce. La implementación de la estrategia contempla la aplicación del plan mixto de medios propuesto para el nuevo disco del cantante Juanes “Loco de Amor”, con énfasis en la campaña de medios online.

Life histories of music service histories, the past in inductees' present

This article discusses inductee music service teachers (to 25 years of age). It explores how their lives, as perceived, shape current identities in teaching and result in several career problems. Respondents were drawn from a comprehensive life history study of 28 Local Education Authority employees. Of this larger cohort, four were age 25 years and below, and the remaining 24 teachers made retrospective comments. Data were collected and analysed between October 2002 and March 2004. Principal findings suggest that schooling failed to address these educators' needs as musical learners; key childhood experiences were external of schools. This often resulted in an idealistic trajectory, in teenage years, towards an occupation as a performer. An occupation in music education was entirely disregarded. Consequently, inductees now consider training experiences an inappropriate platform for their professional lives. Managing group teaching and children's behaviour engenders considerable anxiety. Music service work is also deemed a transient state of affairs. There are implications for training, retention and professional development.

Primary music education: the misrepresentation of the ideals of curricula in research

The author starts from a historical viewpoint to suggest that, at primary level, we have tended to perpetuate a nineteenth-century notion of music education. This is evident in the selection and organisation of musical content in curriculum documents, the scope of the teacher-pupil transaction implicit in these and the assumptions about music education which underpin research on practice conducted at official policy level. In light of the introduction of the 1999 Revised Primary School Curriculum, with its change in emphasis, she notes that it is timely to reconsider the situation. Central to this is the need to challenge the notion of music as a set of delineated skills, to explore the relationship between the primary teacher and music, and to move towards a notion of research which acknowledges the richness of multiple interpretations teachers bring to the curriculum.