Desinfestação e estabelecimento in vitro de explantes de bananeira 'Grande Naine' em diferentes concentrações de hipoclorito de sódio

A maioria dos plantios de bananeira ainda é realizada utilizando mudas tradicionais, mas outros métodos de propagação, como a micropropagação in vitro, vêm sendo desenvolvidos e aperfeiçoados, para elevar a taxa de multiplicação em curto espaço de tempo e melhorar a qualidade da produção de mudas. Contudo, a contaminação é um dos maiores problemas desta técnica. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a eficiência da descontaminação de explantes de bananeira com o uso de diferentes concentrações de cloro ativo durante a assepsia do explante. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado e constituído de cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições, sendo cada repetição representada por 5 explantes em diferentes concentrações de cloro ativo, sendo: T1 (testemunha, sem cloro ativo); T2 (0,5%); T3 (1,0%); T4 (1,5%), e T5 (2%). Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância, e as médias, comparadas pelo teste de Tukey, a 5% de probabilidade. Os resultados permitiram concluir que a maior eficiência dentre os tratamentos testados foi a imersão dos explantes em hipoclorito de sódio com 2% de cloro ativo, sendo as doses testadas não tóxicas aos explantes, permitindo o desenvolvimento normal dos mesmos, concluindo assim que essa concentração possa ser utilizada para o controle de contaminações para micropropagação de bananeira cv. Grande Naine.

Em direção a uma representação para equações algébricas :uma lógica equacional local

The intervalar arithmetic well-known as arithmetic of Moore, doesn't possess the same properties of the real numbers, and for this reason, it is confronted with a problem of operative nature, when we want to solve intervalar equations as extension of real equations by the usual equality and of the intervalar arithmetic, for this not to possess the inverse addictive, as well as, the property of the distributivity of the multiplication for the sum doesn t be valid for any triplet of intervals. The lack of those properties disables the use of equacional logic, so much for the resolution of an intervalar equation using the same, as for a representation of a real equation, and still, for the algebraic verification of properties of a computational system, whose data are real numbers represented by intervals. However, with the notion of order of information and of approach on intervals, introduced by Acióly[6] in 1991, the idea of an intervalar equation appears to represent a real equation satisfactorily, since the terms of the intervalar equation carry the information about the solution of the real equation. In 1999, Santiago proposed the notion of simple equality and, later on, local equality for intervals [8] and [33]. Based on that idea, this dissertation extends Santiago's local groups for local algebras, following the idea of Σ-algebras according to (Hennessy[31], 1988) and (Santiago[7], 1995). One of the contributions of this dissertation, is the theorem 5.1.3.2 that it guarantees that, when deducing a local Σ-equation E t t in the proposed system SDedLoc(E), the interpretations of t and t' will be locally the same in any local Σ-algebra that satisfies the group of fixed equations local E, whenever t and t have meaning in A. This assures to a kind of safety between the local equacional logic and the local algebras

Projeto e implementação de uma plataforma MP-SoC usando SystemC

This work presents the concept, design and implementation of a MP-SoC platform, named STORM (MP-SoC DirecTory-Based PlatfORM). Currently the platform is composed of the following modules: SPARC V8 processor, GPOP processor, Cache module, Memory module, Directory module and two different modles of Network-on-Chip, NoCX4 and Obese Tree. All modules were implemented using SystemC, simulated and validated, individually or in group. The modules description is presented in details. For programming the platform in C it was implemented a SPARC assembler, fully compatible with gcc s generated assembly code. For the parallel programming it was implemented a library for mutex managing, using the due assembler s support. A total of 10 simulations of increasing complexity are presented for the validation of the presented concepts. The simulations include real parallel applications, such as matrix multiplication, Mergesort, KMP, Motion Estimation and DCT 2D

A biotecnologia e a educação ambiental no resguarde a duas espécies em vias de extinção na flora da Mata Atlântica Brasileira

The anthropical action caused destruction of great part of the Atlantic forest remaining today around 7% to 8% of the original portion. A classical example of the degradation is the situation of the Pau-Brasil (Caesalpinia echinata Lam.) which appellant exploration summarized abruptly decreased the wild occurrence of the species. Besides the economic exploration and the threat of extinction, the plant shows some characteristics that its own physiology makes difficult the survival in natural conditions. For this reason, any strategy developed to conserve it should also guarantee ways for its multiplication. In these conditions, the only reasonable technology is micropropagation in vitro based on immature segments of Catullus (explants or internodes). However, in virtue of the threat of extinction, extractivism and fenology, the disponibility of the sources of explants are reduced. Then, to turn this around, the present research showed the hypothesis that arrange these explants would have as a solution to elaborate a bank of matrixes and the utilization of produced seedlings as source of explant. Then, assuming that the soil is a fundamental element for a good formation of the seedlings, there were tests in a greenhouse on the Laboratory of plant biotechnology at UFRN, from May to June of 2008 that showed the influence of the four different soils on the production of Pau-Brasil. The objective of this work was to make possible the seedlings production of the specie and from them to establish a bank of matrixes as source of explant to guarantee the continuity of the process of micropropagation, contributing with the preservation of the specie

Conservação de espécies nativas em um assentamento rural do município de Apodi-RN: impactos socioambientais e econômicos e o uso da biotecnologia como alternativa promissora

The Caatinga biome has a high diversity of potential and their conservation constitutes one of the greatest challenges of Brazilian science. The sustainable management of the Caatinga emerges as an alternative that through the formation of systems agrossilvipastoris, enables the use of forest resources sustainably, ensuring their conservation, regeneration and recovery. In RN this technique has been developed mainly in settlements of Agrarian Reform, such as P. A. Moaci Lucena, and their impacts go beyond the environmental aspect and reverberate socially and economically on the quality of life of family farmers. Despite the efficiency of the Sustainable Management of the Caatinga in the conservation of native species, many forests species of this biome faces serious problems of propagation and for this reason have become vulnerable to extinction, as is the case of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth . Thus , it is evident the need to use sustainable alternatives to overcome the difficulties of propagation of this species and enable their replacement in areas where their existence is threatened. The Plant Biotechnology is considered as a promising alternative in this sense, considering that by micropropagation enables the large-scale production of seedlings with high health genetics status. This work has the following objectives: evaluate the perception of family farmers of P. A. Moaci Lucena in relation to social, environmental and economic impacts of the Sustainable Management of the Caatinga and check the conditions of germination and in vitro propagation of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth that enabling the production of seedlings of this specie on a large scale. To achieve the first objective, semi-structured interviews showed that in the perception of farmers PA Moaci Lucena, the Sustainable Management of the Caatinga was responsible for generating many social, environmental and economic impacts that affected directly in the improvement in the quality of life of the families of the Settlement Project Moaci Lucena. Have to achieve the second objective, were investigated the influence of different substrates and concentrations of growth regulator BAP in the germination and shoot induction in vitro of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth. The vermiculite was presented as the most suitable substrate for germination of this species, because it provided a more rapid germination, higher growth rates and higher dry matter accumulation. Regarding micropropagation, the concentration of 17.76 μmol/L of BAP presented a more responsive in relation to multiplication rate and the number of shoots in M. caesalpiniifolia, thus constituting the most suitable concentration for the in vitro propagation of this specie

Incidents Malignant Neoplasias Maxillofacial Area

Cancer is regarded as abnormal cellular multiplication; it is not controlled by the organism, and its cells present a differentiated DNA. Initially, the disease does not show clinical signs, but it can be diagnosed by laboratory examinations. When tumors are present in the maxillofacial area.. the carrier can lose structures in this area, resulting to the carrier's social environment exclusion. This article aims to show incidences and causes of malignant neoplasias in the maxillofacial area.

Most Frequent Tumors in Maxillofacial Area Rehabilitated Through Surgical Reconstruction and Prostheses

Cancer is regarded as the abnormal cellular multiplication; it is not controlled by the organism; and its cells present a differentiated DNA. Initially, the disease does not show clinical signs, but it can be diagnosed by laboratorial examinations. When tumors are present in the maxillofacial area, they can entail the loss of these area organs, which become responsible for the carrier's social environment exclusion. This paper aimed at showing, through a literature review, the cancers that more commonly happen in the face and the possibilities of regenerating in the patient mutilated through surgical reconstruction and prostheses.

In vitro growth of Brassocattleya orchid hybrid in different concentrations of KNO3, NH4NO3 and benzylaminopurine

Entre as maiores aplicações da cultura de tecidos de plantas está a propagação massal de mudas de plantas ornamentais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o cultivo in vitro de um híbrido de orquídea Brassocattleya em diferentes concentrações de NH4NO3, KNO3 e BAP. Foram utilizadas sementes do híbrido de orquídea Brassocattleya 'Pastoral' e as plantas foram cultivadas em meio MS com redução pela metade das fontes de P, Mg e Ca e adição de 25 g L-1 de sacarose, 100 mg L-1 de mio-inositol, 1,5 g L-1 de carvão ativo e 6,5 g L-1 de ágar-ágar, sendo o pH ajustado para 5,8. Como tratamentos foram usados quatro concentrações dos sais NH4NO3 e KNO3 (2x; 1x; ½ e ¼ do meio MS) e três concentrações de BAP (0,0; 0,5 e 1,0 mg L-1). Avaliou-se a multiplicação, o crescimento em altura, massa fresca e seca, além dos teores de açucares redutores na massa seca das mudas. Observou-se grande influência das doses de NH4NO3 e KNO3 sobre o crescimento em altura das mudas, massa fresca e seca e teores de açucares redutores em Bc. ('Pastoral' x Auto). A dose de ¼ da utilizada no meio MS promoveu aumento significativo do crescimento das plantas. Para multiplicação, houve melhor resultado com a dose de ½ dos sais NH4NO3 e KNO3 utilizados no meio MS e 1,0 mg L-1 de BAP.

Enraizamento de estacas de brotações oriundas de estacas radiculares de amoreira-preta

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of indolyl-3-butyric acid (IBA) in promoting the rooting of blackberry shoots derived of root cuttings. This work was conducted from June to August 2010, at UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo state, Brazil, under the randomized block design, with six concentrations of IBA and six replications of 12 shoot cuttings per plot. The treatments consisted of six concentrations of IBA, as a solution: T1= 0 mg L(-1), T2= 250 mg L(-1), T3= 500 mg L(-1), T4= 1000 mg L(-1), T5= 2000 mg L(-1) and T6= 4000 mg L(-1) applied on the basis of shoots cuttings for ten seconds. After 60 days, the percentage of rooting, the root fresh weight, the root dry weight, the length of root and the survival percentage, were evaluated. The concentration of 250 mg L(-1) IBA favored characteristics as fresh and dry weight of roots originating from roots of blackberry. The highest concentrations of IBA inhibited root development and characteristics ??? (please, verify the 'Resumo") of the shoots cuttings.

Experimental infections with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis obtained from armadillos: comparison to clinical isolates

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis causes paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) that is one of the most prevalent systemic human mycoses in Latin America. Armadillos show a high incidence of PCM infection and could, therefore, be a natural reservoir for this fungus. In this study were compared the virulence profiles of isolates obtained from nine-banded armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) (PbT1 and PbT4) and isolates from PCM patients (Pb265 and Bt83). Pathogenicity was evaluated by fungal load and analysis of colony morphology. Immunity against the fungus was tested by delayed type hypersensitivity test (DTH) and antibody quantification by ELISA. The higher virulence of PbT1 and PbT4 was suggested by higher fungal load in spleen and lungs. Armadillo isolates and Bt83 presented a cotton-like surface contrasting with the cerebriform appearance of Pb265. All isolates induced cellular and humoral immune responses in infected BALB/c mice. DTH reactions were similarly induced by the four isolates, however, a great variability was observed in specific antibody levels, being the highest ones induced by Bt83 and PbT4. The present work confirms that armadillos harbor P. brasiliensis, whose multiplication and induced immunity in experimentally infected mice are heterogeneous, resembling the behavior of isolates from human PCM. This study reinforces the possibility that armadillos play an important role in the biological cycle of this pathogen.

Biologia floral e sistema de reprodução de Merostachys riedeliana (Poaceae: Bambusoideae)

Merostachys riedeliana Rupr. é uma espécie monocárpica com floração cíclica e muito freqüente em sub-bosques de fragmentos florestais do sul do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Sua biologia floral e seu sistema de reprodução foram estudados e comparados com os de outros bambus. Devido ao complexo sistema de rizomas, formam touceiras vigorosas no interior da floresta, ocorrendo a interrupção na produção de novos colmos meses antes do aparecimento das primeiras inflorescências. O início da floração maciça e da morte da população ocorreu em outubro de 1998 e maio de 1999, respectivamente, com pico de floração durante a estação quente e chuvosa (dezembro e janeiro). As inflorescências espiciformes possuem, em média, 29 espiguetas. Estas são hermafroditas com três anteras poricidas e dois estigmas plumosos que se expõem durante a antese. O pólen é abundante e facilmente liberado das anteras pelo vento ou pelos visitantes. Apis mellifera L. e Trigona spinipes (F.) foram os visitantes mais freqüentes, atuando como pilhadores de pólen e, ocasionalmente, através de movimentos vibratórios, como elementos auxiliares para a dispersão do pólen. A alta pluviosidade durante a floração e a escassez de vento no sub-bosque da floresta, podem diminuir a efetividade da anemofilia. No entanto, vários caracteres morfológicos das espiguetas, queda de folhas e o hábito espacialmente agrupado, apontam para uma polinização pelo vento. Testes de polinização controlada, mostraram que M. riedeliana é autocompatível (ISI 0,99). A auto-incompatibilidade não favorece a formação de frutos em clones vegetais, ao passo que a autocompatibilidade poderia resultar em uma elevada produção de sementes. Assim, a possível ocorrência de clones de M. riedeliana nos fragmentos florestais, originados pelo crescimento vegetativo durante os intervalos reprodutivos de 30-32 anos, poderiam explicar o alto investimento na produção de espiguetas e a formação de frutos provenientes da autocompatibilidade.

Depression in patients with Parkinson's disease: Impact on functioning

Depression is a frequently observed neuropsychiatric phenomenon in Parkinson's disease (PD) and it has been lately considered as a manifestation of such disease. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between depression and clinical aspects of PD and to assess the impact of the co-occurrence of such condition on the burden imposed by PD. Fifty Outpatients diagnosed with idiopathic PD according to the London Brain Bank criteria were examined. PD was evaluated using Hoehn & Yahr staging (H&Y), United Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and Schwab & England (S&E) functional capacity evaluation. A semi-structured clinical interview was used. The diagnosis of PD was made by neurologist experts on movement disorders, and the diagnosis of depression was trade by a psychiatrist, according to the ICD-10 diagnostic criteria. Depressive symptoms were additionally measured using the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Scale. The analysis of quantitative data was performed using descriptive statistics, Univariate linear regression, T-Student Test and ANOVA. Seventeen (34%) patients were diagnosed as clinically depressed and, when compared to the non-depressed ones, presented the following results: H&Y: 3.2 vs. 2.8; UPDRS total: 75.7 vs. 65.3; S&E: 53.5% vs. 65.8% and PD duration: 114.4 months vs. 125.8 months. Depressed patients showed more advanced staging (H&Y), a more severe global clinical condition (UPDRS) and also a greater decrease in their functional capacity (S&E). These data reinforce the hypothesis that depression is associated to poorer functioning in patients with PD. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.

Measurement of the ratio of B+ and B-0 meson lifetimes

The ratio of the B+ and B-0 meson lifetimes was measured using data collected in 2002-2004 by the D0 experiment in Run II of the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. These mesons were reconstructed in B→μ(+)ν D*-X decays, which are dominated by B-0 and B→μ(+)ν(D) over bar X-0 decays, which are dominated by B+. The ratio of lifetimes is measured to be τ(+)/τ(0)=1.080± 0.016(stat)± 0.014(syst).

Search for the flavour-changing neutral current B-s(0)->mu+mu- in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV with the D0 dectector

We present the results of a search for the flavor-changing neutral current decay B-s(0)-->mu(+)mu(-) using a data set with integrated luminosity of 240 pb(-1) of p (p) over bar collisions at roots=1.96 TeV collected with the D0 detector in run II of the Fermilab Tevatron collider. We find the upper limit on the branching fraction to be B(B-s(0)-->mu(+)mu(-))less than or equal to5.0x10(-7) at the 95% C.L. assuming no contributions from the decay B-d(0)-->mu(+)mu(-) in the signal region. This limit is the most stringent upper bound on the branching fraction B-s(0)-->mu(+)mu(-) to date.

Measurement of the B-s(0) lifetime in the exclusive decay channel B-s(0)-> J/psi phi

Using the exclusive decay B-s(0)-->J/psi(mu(+)mu(-))phi(K+K-), we report the most precise single measurement of the B-s(0) lifetime. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of approximately 220 pb(-1) collected with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider in 2002-2004. We reconstruct 337 signal candidates, from which we extract the B-s(0) lifetime, tau(B-s(0))=1.444(-0.090)(+0.098)(stat)+/-0.020(sys) ps. We also report a measurement for the lifetime of the B-0 meson using the exclusive decay B-0-->J/psi(mu(+)mu(-))K-*0(892)(K(+)pi(-)). We reconstruct 1370 signal candidates, obtaining tau(B-0)=1.473(-0.050)(+0.052)(stat)+/-0.023(sys) ps, and the ratio of lifetimes, tau(B-s(0))/tau(B-0)=0.980(-0.071)(+0.076)(stat)+/-0.003(sys).