Comparing the Teaching-Learning Process With and Without the Use of Computerized Technological Resources

Computerized technological resources have become essential in education, particularly for teaching topics that require the performance of specific tasks. These resources can effectively help the execution of such tasks and the teaching-learning process itself. After the development of a Web site on the topic of nursing staff scheduling, this study aimed at comparing the development of students involved in the teaching-learning process of the previously mentioned topic, with and without the use of computer technology. Two random groups of undergraduate nursing students from a public university in São Paulo state, Brazil, were organized: a case group (used the Web site) and a control group (did not use the Web site). Data were collected from 2003 to 2005 after approval by the Research Ethics Committee. Results showed no significant difference in motivation or knowledge acquisition. A similar performance for the two groups was also verified. Other aspects observed were difficulty in doing the nursing staff scheduling exercise and the students' acknowledgment of the topic's importance for their training and professional lives; easy access was considered to be a positive aspect for maintaining the Web site.

Uso de álcool e drogas por estudantes de medicina da Unesp

INTRODUÇÃO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a prevalência do uso de drogas por estudantes da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - Unesp, comparada com outras oito escolas médicas paulistas (uso na vida, nos últimos 12 meses e nos últimos 30 dias). A pesquisa foi realizada entre 1994 e 1995, com 5.227 estudantes do 1o ao 6o ano de graduação. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foi usado um questionário de auto-respostas, anônimo, incluindo o questionário da Organização Mundial da Saúde para levantamento de uso de drogas e álcool. Setenta e um por cento (3.725) dos alunos responderam ao mesmo, e destes, 421 eram de Botucatu. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre escolas e, nos 30 dias anteriores ao preenchimento do questionário, a prevalência do uso de drogas para os estudantes de Botucatu foi a seguinte, com a variação entre outras escolas mostrada entre parênteses: álcool 50% (42-50%); tabaco 7% (7-13%); solventes 8% (7-12%); maconha 6% (6-16%); benzodiazepínicos (BZD) 3% (2-9%); cocaína 0,5% (0,2-4%); anfetaminas 1 % (0-1%). Embora tenha se encontrado um uso crescente de todas as drogas do 1o ao 6o ano, e em especial os BZD, os estudantes não aprovam este uso. A análise de regressão logística indicou que o uso de álcool e drogas foi favorecido por: a) ser homem; b) perder aulas sem razão e referir ou ter muito tempo livre nos finais de semana; e c) ter uma atitude favorável em relação ao uso de álcool e drogas. Diferentemente de outras escolas, na Unesp não houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes de gênero em relação ao uso de tranqüilizantes. No entanto, as mulheres iniciam uso mais precocemente e o fazem mais freqüentemente. Também as mulheres já faziam uso de maconha antes de entrar para a faculdade (30% mulheres X 10% homens), o contrário ocorrendo com solventes (50% homens X 2% mulheres), sendo essas diferenças estatisticamente significantes. CONCLUSÕES: Embora a pesquisa tenha focalizado o uso (não abuso ou dependência), os resultados sugerem a necessidade de as universidades estabelecerem uma política clara de orientação sobre uso de drogas e álcool para os estudantes, incluindo mudanças curriculares e programas de prevenção.

Selecting appropriate bedding to reduce locomotion problems in broilers

Two experiments were carried out at the Poultry Sector of the School of Agrarian Sciences of the Federal University of Grande Dourados to evaluate the incidence of leg problems in broilers reared on two distinct types of bedding material: rice husks or wood shavings, both new and reused. In both trials, a randomized experimental design was applied in factorial arrangement (2 x 2 x 2) using two genetic strains (Cobb® or Ross®); two sexes (male or female), and two litter materials (rice husks or wood shavings). In each trial 1080 one day pullets were reared equally divided in the treatments. The birds were placed in 4.5 m² boxes at a density of 10 birds m-2. All birds were fed diets with equal nutritional density, and water was offered ad libitum. Feeds were divided in three phases: starter diet (1 - 21 days), grower diet (22 - 35 days), and finisher diet (36 - 45 days). on day 45, fifty birds were randomly selected in each experiment to evaluate flock leg problems. The following parameters were analyzed: gait score, incidence of valgus and varus disorder, footpad dermatitis, femoral degeneration, tibial dyschondroplasia, and spondylolisthesis. Ambient temperature during rearing and litter caking and moisture content were recorded in four boxes per treatment. The analytical hierarchy process was used to organize the data into specific criteria. Several criteria, related to the attributes that were determinant according to the statistical analysis, were chosen in order to provide the best input to the process. Results indicated that new wood-shavings bedding was the most appropriate bedding to prevent locomotion problems, followed by new rice husks, reused wood shavings, and reused rice husks. However, when leg problems were associated to sex and genetic strain, male Ross birds strain presented less problems when reared on new rice husks, followed by new wood shavings

Complete denture hygiene and nocturnal wearing habits among patients attending the Prosthodontic Department in a Dental University in Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Dental caries prevalence in children up to 36 months of age attending daycare centers in municipalities with different water fluoride content

This study determined the prevalence of cavitated caries lesions (CCL) and early childhood caries (ECC), and the contribution of some variables in children up to 36 months of age attending daycare centers in municipalities with different fluoride levels in the water supply: AFC (adequate fluoride content) and LFC (low fluoride content). After approval of the Ethics Committee, the parents were interviewed. The children were clinically examined using the same codes and criteria established by the WHO (World Health Organization) and the ADA (American Dental Association). Fisher's exact test (p<0.05) was applied for statistical analysis of data. The dmft indices calculated in the LFC and AFC municipalities were 0.57 and 0.68, respectively. Considering all children examined, 17.6% presented CCL and 33.8% ECC. The economic classification, mother's education level and duration of breastfeeding were considered statistically significant with regards to CCL prevalence. The age group, duration of the habit of drinking milk before bedtime and age at which oral hygiene started were considered statistically significant with regards to ECC prevalence.

Níveis de sedação determinados pela clonidina e midazolam na medicação pré-anestésica: avaliação clínica e eletroencefalográfica bispectral

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Verificar o efeito sedativo da clonidina, um a2-agonista, e do midazolam, um benzodiazepínico, quando utilizados na medicação pré-anestésica, empregando-se avaliação clínica e eletroencefalográfica bispectral. MÉTODO: Após aprovação institucional e consentimento escrito fornecido, 45 pacientes de 18 a 65 anos, estado físico ASA I, foram aleatoriamente distribuídos nos grupos placebo (P), clonidina (C) ou midazolam (M), em que receberam, respectivamente placebo, 150 µg de clonidina ou 15 mg de midazolam por via oral, 60 minutos antes da indução da anestesia (n = 15 por grupo). A monitorização constituiu-se de eletrocardiograma (D II), pressão arterial não invasiva, freqüência cardíaca, saturação de pulso de oxigênio, freqüência respiratória, temperatura axilar e da sala de cirurgia e eletroencefalograma bispectral para determinação do índice bispectral (BIS). Esses atributos e a escala de sedações (1 - ansioso, 2 - calmo, 3 - sonolento, 4 - dormindo com reflexo, 5 - dormindo sem reflexo) foram obtidos aos 0 (M0), 15 (M15), 30 (M30), 40 (M40), 50 (M50) e 60 (M60) minutos após a medicação. RESULTADOS: Nos grupos não houve alteração significante dos parâmetros respiratórios, hemodinâmicos e de temperatura. Houve diferença significante entre os grupos na ES (M60: M=C>P) e no BIS (M50 e M60: M=C>P). CONCLUSÕES: Nas condições utilizadas, a clonidina e o midazolam determinaram níveis de sedação adequados e semelhantes na medicação pré-anestésica de pacientes estado físico ASA I, quando avaliados pela escala de sedação e pelo índice bispectral, sem determinarem alterações hemodinâmicas e respiratórias.

Biodiversidade: fonte potencial para a descoberta de fármacos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Combinação linear ponderada na definição de áreas prioritárias à conectividade entre fragmentos florestais em ambiente SIG

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Análise de decisão multicritério na localização de usinas termoelétricas utilizando SIG

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Catolicismo e casamento civil na Cidade de Goiás: conflitos políticos e religiosos (1860-1920)

Este artigo analisa a atuação do clero no sentido de normalizar o comportamento das pessoas por meio da celebração do matrimônio na cidade de Goiás, no período de 1860 a 1920, sendo que as normas católicas tinham por objetivo implantar um catolicismo ultramontano tridentino. Assim, o clero ultramontano procurava moralizar a vida privada do fiel e também evitar a adesão deste ao casamento civil, sobretudo após a aprovação do Decreto n. 181, de 24 de janeiro de 1890, que o estabeleceu no País.

Avaliação: um contrato de trabalho

Este artigo apresenta, tendo em vista perplexidades constituídas a partir de uma leitura acerca do funcionamento do modelo tradicional de ensino, considerações sobre a Proposta Pedagógica Assimilação Solidária, AS (Baldino, 1995a). Proposta interventora, a AS muda o conceito de mérito, pois considera, ao lado do prêmio ao saber, o justo prêmio ao trabalho coletivo produzido em sala de aula. O instrumento fundamental da AS é um contrato de trabalho, negociado entre professor e alunos, que vincula a avaliação e o trabalho em grupos na sala de aula.

Clinical performance of a self-etching adhesive at 18 months

Purpose: To test the null hypothesis that beveling and/or etching enamel would not affect the 18-month clinical performance of the self-etching adhesive Clearfil SE Bond (CSEB) in noncarious cervical lesions (NCCL). Methods: With Institutional Review Board approval, 34 patients were enrolled in this study. A total of 120 NCCL was selected and assigned to four groups: (1) CSEB was applied without any cavity preparation; (2) CSEB was applied after beveling enamel; (3) CSEB was applied after etching enamel for 15 seconds with 35% phosphoric acid; (4) CSEB was applied after beveling and etching enamel. A microfilled composite resin was used for all restorations. Resuts: At 6 months after initial placement, 120 restorations (a 100% recall rate) were evaluated. At 18 months, 87 restorations (a 72.5% recall rate) were available for evaluation. A survival rate of 100% was measured for all groups at both 6 and 18 months. Sensitivity to air decreased significantly only for Group 3 (no bevel+acid etch) from baseline to 18 months without statistical changes from 6 months to 18 months. None of the other parameters resulted in significant differences for any of the four groups. However, when data were pooled, both the overall marginal discoloration and the overall marginal adaptation were significantly worse at 18 months than at baseline, while sensitivity to air decreased significantly from baseline to 18 months. The 18-month survival rate of the self-etching adhesive Clearfil SE Bond was not improved by enamel bevel or by enamel etching. Both overall marginal adaptation and overall marginal discoloration were worse at 18 months than at baseline.

One-year clinical performance of self-etch adhesives in posterior restorations

Purpose: To evaluate the 1-year clinical performance of three self-etching adhesives (Adper Prompt L-Pop, Clearfil S-3 Bond, iBond) in posterior composite restorations using one etch&rinse adhesive (One-Step Plus) as control. Methods: Upon approval by the Institutional Review Board, 121 restorations were inserted in 38 subjects. The adhesives were applied as per manufacturers' instructions. Preparations were restored with a nanofilled resin composite (Filtek Supreme) and evaluated at baseline, 6 months, and 1 year. Statistical analyses included the Chi-square distribution with the McNemar non-parametric test (P< 0.05). Results: At 1 year, 111 restorations in 35 subjects were evaluated using the USPHS modified criteria. No significant changes were observed for the etch&rinse adhesive One-Step Plus. At 1 year the number of Alfa ratings decreased significantly for Clearfil S-3 Bond and for iBond in the categories color match, marginal staining, and marginal adaptation. For Adper Prompt L-Pop, marginal adaptation at 1 year was significantly worse than at baseline. Postoperative sensitivity to air improved significantly for Adper Prompt L-Pop, Clearfil S-3 Bond, and iBond. When the evaluation criteria were paired at 1 year, iBond resulted in a significantly lower number of Alfa ratings than any of the other adhesives for color match, marginal staining, and marginal adaptation. One-Step Plus resulted in a greater number of Alfa ratings for marginal adaptation than either Adper Prompt L-Pop or Clearfil S-3 Bond. Marginal adaptation was significantly better for Clearfil S-3 Bond than for Adper Prompt L-Pop. The post-operative sensitivity measured at 1 year for Adper Prompt L-Pop was statistically better than that for One-Step Plus.

Cauda equina syndrome after spinal tetracaine: Electromyographic evaluation-20 years follow-up

CAUDA equina syndrome (CES) has long been recognized as a rare complication of spinal anesthesia.(1) CES has been described after administration of spinal anesthetics with lidocaine(2) and bupivacaine.(3) In 1991,(4) CES was reported after continuous spinal anesthesia with 1% tetracaine. In 1980, at our university hospital, six adult female patients underwent perineal gynecologic surgery using a spinal anesthetic of 2 ml tetracaine, 1.2%, in 10% glucose. The concentration of the injected tetracaine was unknown by the anesthetists. In all cases, lumbar puncture was performed at the L3-L4 interspace with a disposable spinal needle while the patients were in the sitting position. CES was first diagnosed 72 h or later postoperatively; previous diagnosis was not possible because patients had an indwelling urethral catheter. The diagnosis of CES was confirmed in all patients. During the past year, after institutional approval and informed consent, clinical, magnetic resonance imaging, electromyographic examinations, and conduction studies were performed in three of the above patients. Examinations were not possible on the other three patients because one had recently died, another could not be located, and the third refused to participate. T1 and T2 magnetic resonance image readings were obtained with Gadolinium contrast from a 0.5 Tesla General Electric apparatus (General Electric, Tokyo, Japan). Bilateral sensory and motor conduction studies of the sciatic nerve branches were obtained using a two-channel Nihon-Kohden Neuropack 2 (Nihom-Kohden Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). Electromyography was performed in accordance with conventional techniques.(5,6)

As escolas vocacionais e o terceiro ambiente de Hargreaves

The article refers to an official school experience which was developed in the Brazilian education in the 60's - the vocational schools. These schools enabled an artistic-musical learning experience which would be less technicist and autocratic, contributing in a satisfactory way to the future performing formation of the students. In addition to the historical report, the text refers to the British educator D. Hargreaves, who researched on the importance of the "third environment" in the musical learning and on the relationship existing between the internal and the external cognitive process. The text is part of the Master or Arts dissertation which is being carried out in the IA-UNESP (Institute of Arts - State of São Paulo University). The musical-theoretical foundations were provided by the ideas of D. Hargreaves, Sigurd Rascher, Yehudi Menuhi, among others, and by some researchers in the area of education. It is justified on the grounds of the present moment experienced by the musical teaching in face of the approval of Law n(o) 11.769/2008.