Delimitation of the Segregate Genera of Maytenus s. l. (Celastraceae) Based on Morphological and Molecular Characters

Maytenus s. l. (including Gymnosporia) is a morphologically diverse genus of about 300 species that is widely distributed in the tropics and subtropics of both the Old and New Worlds. Its delimitation has been extensively debated and despite the segregation of Gymnosporia, Maytenus s. s. remains a heterogeneous, polyphyletic group. To delimit natural segregate genera we increased taxon sampling and generated sequences from two nuclear gene regions (ITS and 26S rDNA) and two plastid loci (matK and trnL-F) to analyze together with morphological characters. Both Moya and Tricerma were found to be nested within the New World Maytenus and are recognized as synonyms of Maytenus s. s.. In contrast, the three New World species of Gymnosporia are recognized as a new genus that is closely related to Gyminda. Haydenia is erected for these three species: H. gentryi, H. haberiana, and H. urbaniana. One or more previously proposed or novel genera are required to accommodate the systematically difficult African Maytenus. Putterlickia, and most likely Gloveria, are nested within Gymnosporia and should be synonymized with that genus. New binomials are required for four Chinese and one Rapan species of Gymnosporia that have been previously treated only as Maytenus: Gymnosporia austroyunnanensis, G. confertiflora, G. dongfangensis, G. guangxiensis, and G. pertinax. Austral-Pacific Maytenus are transferred to Denhamia, requiring eight new binomials: Denhamia bilocularis, D. cunninghamii, D. cupularis, D. disperma, D. fasciculiflora, D. ferdinandii, D. fournieri, and D. silvestris. Existing intrageneric classifications of Gymnosporia and Maytenus s. s. were not supported in their entirety. Gymnosporia is inferred to have had an African origin followed by dispersals to Madagascar, southeast Asia and the Austral-Pacific.

New glasses in the system InF3-BaF2-ErPO4

New glasses have been obtained in the system InF3-BaF2-ErPO4. Glass compositions with up to 30% mol Er3+ were shown to exist and characterized by thermal analysis, x-ray: diffraction, IR absorption and electronic spectroscopy. The systems with high Er3+ content were studied recording IR and visible emission spectral characteristics. A specially elaborated technique allowed the preparation of a high purity phosphate precursor ErPO4. X-ray identification of the crystalline phases appearing during thermal treatment have been carried out and parameters of a mixed fluoride Ba4In3-nErnF17 calculated.

Range extension for buff-fronted owl Aegolius harrisii in south-east Brazil.

Buff-fronted Owl Aegolius harrisii is a poorly known species. Field records are rare and sparse, with large gaps throughout its distribution. We present five new records of A. harrisii in south-east Brazil, in the states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais, and the second ever nest description. In São Paulo, records from Franca are >300 km from previous records, while the new record in Minas Gerais is 600 km from the only previous state record. More nocturnal field work is required to better evaluate the true distribution of A. harrisii.

Dentistry for babies: Why do parents seek dental care?

This study investigated what are the main reasons that led parents to enroll children in a clinic for infants. This was studied by consulting 1368 records during the period from July 1996 to August 2001. The predominant reason for enrolling was orientation/prevention followed by other and treatment. This study demonstrated that a program for children from the first year of life encourages parents to have a new vision of dentistry.

"Tablero de comando" para la promoción de los biocombustibles en el Perú

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Misalignment of the knees: Does it affect human stance stability

Introduction: Data describing the relationships between postural alignment and stance stability are scarce and controversial. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sensory disturbances on knee alignment in upright stance and the effects of knee hyperextension on stance stability. Method: Kinetic and kinematic data of 23 healthy adult women were collected while quietly standing in four sensory conditions. Kinematic data: knee angle (dependent variables) variations were analyzed across sensory conditions. Kinetic data: as subjects with hyperextended knees showed a clear tendency to flex their knees as balance challenge increased, center of pressure (COP) parameters (dependent variables) were analyzed in each sensory condition among trial sub-groups: Aligned-Trials (knee angle < 180°), Hyperextended-Trials (>180°) and Adjusted-Trials (>180° initially, turned <180° under challenging conditions). Results: Differences were found in mean velocity of COP in two conditions showing that knee alignment can affect stance stability. Conclusion: Knee hyperextension is a transient condition changing under postural challenges. Knee hyperextension affected postural control as mean velocity was the highest in the hyperextended group in natural standing sensory condition and lowest with sensory disturbance. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd.

Tres enfoques metodológicos para el estudio de la condición social de los ancianos: el caso de Costa Rica

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La mortalidad en los primeros años de vida en países de la América Latina: República Dominicana, 1970-1971

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Proyecto IMILA: Investigación de la Migración Internacional en Latinoamérica

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Descomposición del grupo de menores de 5 años en edades simples en base a las proyecciones de población

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Estimación de una tabla de mortalidad a partir de relaciones de sobrevivencias quinquenales

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