Scenic Design of James and the Giant Peach

The purpose of this thesis is to provide research, supporting paperwork, production photographs and other materials that document the scenic design process for James and the Giant Peach at Adventure Theatre MTC. This thesis contains the following: concept statement, scenic research images collected to express location, and the emotional/ intellectual/ psychological landscapes for the production, preliminary sketches, photographs of the ¼” scale model, drafting plates and supporting paint elevations to communicate the design, prop list and accompanying research, archival production photographs to document the completed design, and finally periodical reviews of the show.

Études in vivo et in vitro sur le potentiel néphroprotecteur de plantes médicinales anti-diabétiques de la pharmacopée traditionnelle des Cris de la Baie-James

Notre équipe a identifié le thé Labrador [Rhododendron groenlandicum L. (Ericaceae)] comme une plante potentiellement antidiabétique de la pharmacopée traditionnelle des Cris de la Baie James orientale. Dans la présente étude, nous avons évalué les effets néphroprotecteurs potentiels de la plante. De la microalbuminurie et de la fibrose rénale ont été développées chez des souris alimentées avec une diète grasse (DG). Le R. groenlandicum améliore d’une façon non-significative la microalbuminurie, avec des valeurs de l���aire sous la courbe (ACR) diminuant de 0.69 à 0.53. La valeur de la fibrose rénale qui était, à l���origine, de 4.85 unités arbitraires (UA) dans des souris alimentées à la DG, a chuté à 3.27 UA après avoir reçu un traitement de R. groenlandicum. Le R. groenlandicum a réduit la stéatose rénale de presque la moitié alors que l���expression du facteur de modification Bcl-2 (Bmf) a chuté de 13.96 UA à 9.43 UA. Dans leur ensemble les résultats suggèrent que le traitement avec R. groenlandicum peut améliorer la fonction rénale altérée par DG. Dans l���étude subséquente, notre équipe a identifié 17 espèces de la forêt boréale, de la pharmacopée traditionnelle des Cris de la Baie James orientale, qui ont présenté des activités biologiques prometteuses in vitro et in vivo dans le contexte du DT2. Nous avons maintenant examiné ces 17 extraits afin d’identifier lesquels possèdent un potentiel cytoprotecteur rénale en utilisant des cellules Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) mises à l���épreuve dans un médium hypertonique. Nous concluons que plusieurs plantes antidiabétiques Cris exercent une activité de protection rénale qui pourrait être pertinente dans le contexte de la néphropathie diabétique (ND) qui affecte une proportion importante des Cris. La G. hispidula et la A. balsamea sont parmi les plantes les plus puissantes dans ce contexte et elles semblent protectrices principalement en inhibant la caspase 9 dans la voie de signalisation apoptotique mitochondriale. Finalement, nous avons utilisé une approche de fractionnement guidée par un test biologique pour identifier les fractions actives et les composés de A. balsamea avec un potentiel de protection rénale in vitro dans des cellules MDCK mises au défi avec un médium hypertonique. La fraction d’hexane (Hex) possède le potentiel le plus élevé parmi toutes les fractions de solvant contre les dommages cellulaires induits par le stress hypertonique. Dans des études précédentes, trois composés purs ont été identifiés à partir de la fraction Hex, à savoir, l���acide abiétique, l���acide déhydroabiétique et le squal��ne. L���acide abiétique se distinguait par son effet puissant dans le maintien de la viabilité des cellules MDCK (AnnV-/PI-) à un niveau relativement élevé (augmentation de 25.48% relative au stress hypertonique, P<0.0001), ainsi qu’une réduction significative (diminution de 20.20% par rapport au stress hypertonique, P<0.0001) de l���apoptose de stade précoce (AnnV+/PI-). L���acide abiétique peut donc servir à normaliser les préparations traditionnelles d’A. balsamea et à trouver des applications potentielles dans le traitement de la néphropathie diabétique. Les trois études ont été intrinsèquement liées les unes aux autres, par conséquent, nous avons réussi à identifier R. groenlandicum ainsi que A. balsamea comme nouvelles plantes prometteuses contre la néphropathie diabétique. Nous croyons que ces résultats profiteront à la communauté crie pour la gestion des complications diabétiques, en particulier la néphropathie diabétique. En parallèle, nos données pourraient faire avancer l'essai clinique de certaines plantes médicinales de la pharmacopée traditionnelle des Cris de la Baie James orientale du Canada.

Détermination de la spéciation du samarium dans l'environnement

Les él��ments de terres rares (REEs) sont de plus en plus utilisés dans une multitude d’applications, notamment la fabrication d’aimants, de batteries rechargeables et les écrans de tél��viseurs. Ils sont pour la plupart des métaux trivalents peu solubles dans les eaux naturelles. Comme pour les métaux divalents, le risque écologique des REEs est très probablement étroitement lié à leurs spéciations chimiques. Cependant, le comportement du samarium (Sm) dans les matrices environnementales est très peu connu et il n'existe actuellement aucune technique pour évaluer sa spéciation chimique. Dans cette optique, la technique d'échange d'ions (IET) sur la résine Dowex a été optimisée pour mesurer le samarium libre en solution. Les temps d'équilibre ont d'abord été déterminés pour des solutions tamponnées de samarium (Sm 6,7x10-8 M ; MES 1,0 mM M ; pH 6,0) en présence du nitrate de sodium (de 0,01M à 0,5 M). Pour ces diverses forces ioniques, l���équilibre thermodynamique n’est atteint que pour NaNO3 0,5M. Un autre mode d’utilisation de la résine (mode dynamique) a donc été développé pour tenir compte des conditions environnementales et évaluer efficacement le samarium libre. Les impacts des ligands organiques tels le NTA, l���EDTA, le citrate, l���acide malique et l���acide fulvique Suwannee River Standard I (SRFA) ont été étudiés par l���IET en mode dynamique. Une grande corrélation a été trouvée plus entre les taux d’accumulation de samarium sur la résine d’échange pour différents rapports NTA : Sm, EDTA : Sm, SRFA : Sm et le samarium libre. Par contre, aucune corrélation significative n’a été observée pour les ligands citrate et acide malique compte tenu des complexes qu’ils forment avec le samarium et qui s’adsorbent aussi sur la résine Dowex. Les concentrations Sm3+ mesurées par la technique IET ont été fortement corrél��es avec celles prédites par le modèle WHAM 7.0 en utilisant la constante de stabilité obtenue par titration de SRFA par extinction de la fluorescence. Par ailleurs, la formation de colloïdes de samarium en fonction du pH influe grandement sur la détermination du samarium libre et doit être prise en compte dans la spéciation du samarium. L'IET assisté par des techniques auxiliaires comme le dosage par extinction de la fluorescence et le SP-ICPMS pourrait être une technique utile pour évaluer les concentrations de Sm biodisponible dans les eaux naturelles.

Détermination de la spéciation du samarium dans l'environnement

Les él��ments de terres rares (REEs) sont de plus en plus utilisés dans une multitude d’applications, notamment la fabrication d’aimants, de batteries rechargeables et les écrans de tél��viseurs. Ils sont pour la plupart des métaux trivalents peu solubles dans les eaux naturelles. Comme pour les métaux divalents, le risque écologique des REEs est très probablement étroitement lié à leurs spéciations chimiques. Cependant, le comportement du samarium (Sm) dans les matrices environnementales est très peu connu et il n'existe actuellement aucune technique pour évaluer sa spéciation chimique. Dans cette optique, la technique d'échange d'ions (IET) sur la résine Dowex a été optimisée pour mesurer le samarium libre en solution. Les temps d'équilibre ont d'abord été déterminés pour des solutions tamponnées de samarium (Sm 6,7x10-8 M ; MES 1,0 mM M ; pH 6,0) en présence du nitrate de sodium (de 0,01M à 0,5 M). Pour ces diverses forces ioniques, l���équilibre thermodynamique n’est atteint que pour NaNO3 0,5M. Un autre mode d’utilisation de la résine (mode dynamique) a donc été développé pour tenir compte des conditions environnementales et évaluer efficacement le samarium libre. Les impacts des ligands organiques tels le NTA, l���EDTA, le citrate, l���acide malique et l���acide fulvique Suwannee River Standard I (SRFA) ont été étudiés par l���IET en mode dynamique. Une grande corrélation a été trouvée plus entre les taux d’accumulation de samarium sur la résine d’échange pour différents rapports NTA : Sm, EDTA : Sm, SRFA : Sm et le samarium libre. Par contre, aucune corrélation significative n’a été observée pour les ligands citrate et acide malique compte tenu des complexes qu’ils forment avec le samarium et qui s’adsorbent aussi sur la résine Dowex. Les concentrations Sm3+ mesurées par la technique IET ont été fortement corrél��es avec celles prédites par le modèle WHAM 7.0 en utilisant la constante de stabilité obtenue par titration de SRFA par extinction de la fluorescence. Par ailleurs, la formation de colloïdes de samarium en fonction du pH influe grandement sur la détermination du samarium libre et doit être prise en compte dans la spéciation du samarium. L'IET assisté par des techniques auxiliaires comme le dosage par extinction de la fluorescence et le SP-ICPMS pourrait être une technique utile pour évaluer les concentrations de Sm biodisponible dans les eaux naturelles.

Apprendre avec la technologie : l'impact sur l'enseignement et l'apprentissage de l���utilisation de la technologie numérique (SMARTBOARD) dans les classes

This research was devoted to gaining information on teachers? use of technology, specifically SMARTBOARD technology, for teaching and promoting learning in the classroom. Research has suggested that use of technology can enhance learning and classroom practices. This has resulted in administrators encouraging the use of SMARTBOARDS, installing them in classrooms and providing training and support for teachers to use this technology. Adoption of new technology, however, is not simple. It is even more challenging because making the best use of new technologies requires more than training; it requires a paradigm shift in teachers? pedagogical approach. Thus, while it may be reasonable to believe that all we need to do is show teachers the benefits of using the SMARTBOARD; research tells us that changing paradigms is difficult for a variety of reasons. This research had two main objectives. First, to discover what factors might positively or negatively affect teachers? decisions to take up this technology. Second, to investigate how the SMARTBOARD is used by teachers who have embraced it and how this impacts participation in classrooms. The project was divided into two parts; the first was a survey research (Part 1), and the second was an ethnographic study (Part 2). A thirty-nine item questionnaire was designed to obtain information on teachers? use of technology and the SMARTBOARD. The questionnaire was distributed to fifty teachers at two EMSB schools: James Lyng Adult Centre (JLAC) and the High School of Montreal (HSM). Part 2 was an ethnographic qualitative study of two classes (Class A, Class B) at JLAC. Class A was taught by a male teacher, an early-adopter of technology and a high-level user of the SMARTBOARD; Class B was taught by a female teacher who was more traditional and a low-level user. These teachers were selected because they had similar years of experience and general competence in their subject matter but differed in their use of the technology. The enrollment in Class A and Class B were twenty-three and twenty-four adult students, respectively. Each class was observed for 90 minutes on three consecutive days in April 2010. Data collection consisted of videotapes of the entire period, and observational field notes with a graphical recording of participatory actions. Information from the graphical recording was converted to sociograms, a graphic representation of social links among individuals involved in joint action. The sociogram data was tabulated as quantified data. The survey results suggest that although most teachers are interested in and use some form of technology in their teaching, there is a tendency for factors of gender and years of experience to influence the use of and opinions on using technology. A Chi Square analysis of the data revealed (a) a significant difference (2 = 6.031, p < .049) for gender in that male teachers are more likely to be interested in the latest pedagogic innovation compared to female teachers; and, (b) a significant difference for years of experience (2 = 10.945, p < .004), showing that teachers with ?6 years experience were more likely to use the SMARTBOARD, compared to those with more experience (>6 years). All other items from the survey data produced no statistical difference. General trends show that (a) male teachers are more willing to say yes to using the SMARTBOARD compared to female teachers, and (b) teachers with less teaching experience were more likely to have positive opinions about using the SMARTBOARD compared to teachers with more experience. The ethnographic study results showed differences in students? response patterns in the two classrooms. Even though both teachers are experienced and competent, Teacher A elicited more participation from his students than Teacher B. This was so partly because he used the SMARTBOARD to present visual materials that the students could easily respond to. By comparison, Teacher B used traditional media or methods to present most of her course material. While these methods also used visual materials, students were not able to easily relate to these smaller, static images and did not readily engage with the material. This research demonstrates a generally positive attitude by teachers towards use of the SMARTBOARD and a generally positive role of this technology in enhancing students? learning and engagement in the classroom. However, there are many issues related to the SMARTBOARD use that still need to be examined. A particular point is whether teachers feel adequately trained to integrate SMARTBOARD technology into their curricula. And, whether the gender difference revealed is related to other factors like a need for more support, other responsibilities, or a general sense of anxiety when it comes to technology. Greater opportunity for training and ongoing support may be one way to increase teacher use of the SMARTBOARD; particularly for teachers with more experience (>6 years) and possibly also for female teachers.

Letteratura per l'infanzia e metafore del Limite. Mentori e infanzie sulla soglia

La presente ricerca di dottorato, attraverso un’indagine multidisciplinare, si pone l���obiettivo di elaborare in chiave pedagogica una riflessione sulla relazione esistente tra la letteratura per l���infanzia, la narrazione, l���esperienza e il limite. La ricerca mira ad analizzare le metafore del limite intese come metafore della caducità, della ferita, della marginalità, della liminalità, della divergenza e dell’alterità. La ricerca si concentra in particolare sulle rappresentazioni metaforiche della relazione educativa tra personaggi mentori e personaggi bambini, colti in attraversamenti e transizioni esistenziali, colti quindi nell’atto di cura della loro natura limitata. L���impianto teorico-interpretativo elaborato è utilizzato per sondare criticamente l���opera di Robert Louis Stevenson e di James Matthew Barrie, autori scelti come rappresentanti emblematici del periodo di soglia a cavallo di secolo, compreso tra il 1880 e il 1914. Attraverso l���applicazione del paradigma indiziario della ricerca storiografica e letteraria, l���indagine raccoglie correlazioni incongrue tra le opere, le biografie e la storia in cui esse si inseriscono, per formulare ipotesi che permettano un’interpretazione delle modificazioni che le rappresentazioni del limite subirono in quel periodo, sul limitare del primo conflitto mondiale.

Combined Analysis Of νμ Disappearance And νμ→νe Appearance In Minos Using Accelerator And Atmospheric Neutrinos.

We report on a new analysis of neutrino oscillations in MINOS using the complete set of accelerator and atmospheric data. The analysis combines the ν(μ) disappearance and ν(e) appearance data using the three-flavor formalism. We measure |Δm(32)(2)| = [2.28-2.46] × 10(-3) eV(2) (68% C.L.) and sin(2)θ(23) = 0.35-0.65 (90% C.L.) in the normal hierarchy, and |Δm(32)(2)| = [2.32-2.53] × 10(-3) eV(2) (68% C.L.) and sin(2)θ(23) = 0.34-0.67 (90% C.L.) in the inverted hierarchy. The data also constrain δ(CP), the θ(23} octant degeneracy and the mass hierarchy; we disfavor 36% (11%) of this three-parameter space at 68% (90%) C.L.

Occurrence Of Isoflavonoids In Brazilian Common Bean Germplasm (phaseolus Vulgaris L.).

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is present in the daily diet of various countries and, as for other legumes, has been investigated for its nutraceutical potential. Thus, 16 genotypes from different gene pools, representing seven types of seed coats and different responses to pathogens and pests, were selected to verify their isoflavone contents. The isoflavonoids daidzein and genistein and the flavonols kaempferol, myricetin, and quercetin were found. Grains of the black type showed the highest concentrations of isoflavonoids and were the only ones to exhibit daidzein. IAC Formoso, with high protein content and source of resistance to anthracnose, showed the greatest concentration of genistein, representing around 11% of the content present in soybean, as well as high levels of kaempferol. Arc 1, Raz 55, and IAC Una genotypes showed high content of coumestrol. The results suggest the use of IAC Formoso to increase the nutraceutical characteristics in common bean.

Influence Of The Stage Of Ripeness On The Composition Of Iridoids And Phenolic Compounds In Genipap (genipa Americana L.).

Genipap fruits, native to the Amazon region, were classified in relation to their stage of ripeness according to firmness and peel color. The influence of the part of the genipap fruit and ripeness stage on the iridoid and phenolic compound profiles was evaluated by HPLC-DAD-MS(n), and a total of 17 compounds were identified. Geniposide was the major compound in both parts of the unripe genipap fruits, representing >70% of the total iridoids, whereas 5-caffeoylquinic acid was the major phenolic compound. In ripe fruits, genipin gentiobioside was the major compound in the endocarp (38%) and no phenolic compounds were detected. During ripening, the total iridoid content decreased by >90%, which could explain the absence of blue pigment formation in the ripe fruits after their injury. This is the first time that the phenolic compound composition and iridoid contents of genipap fruits have been reported in the literature.

Auxin And Physical Constraint Exerted By The Perianth Promote Androgynophore Bending In Passiflora Mucronata L. (passifloraceae).

The androgynophore column, a distinctive floral feature in passion flowers, is strongly crooked or bent in many Passiflora species pollinated by bats. This is a floral feature that facilitates the adaptation to bat pollination. Crooking or bending of plant organs are generally caused by environmental stimulus (e.g. mechanical barriers) and might involve the differential distribution of auxin. Our aim was to study the role of the perianth organs and the effect of auxin in bending of the androgynophore of the bat-pollinated species Passiflora mucronata. Morpho-anatomical characterisation of the androgynophore, including measurements of curvature angles and cell sizes both at the dorsal (convex) and ventral (concave) sides of the androgynophore, was performed on control flowers, flowers from which perianth organs were partially removed and flowers treated either with auxin (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; 2,4-D) or with an inhibitor of auxin polar transport (naphthylphthalamic acid; NPA). Asymmetric growth of the androgynophore column, leading to bending, occurs at a late stage of flower development. Removing the physical constraint exerted by perianth organs or treatment with NPA significantly reduced androgynophore bending. Additionally, the androgynophores of plants treated with 2,4-D were more curved when compared to controls. There was a larger cellular expansion at the dorsal side of the androgynophores of plants treated with 2,4-D and in both sides of the androgynophores of plants treated with NPA. This study suggests that the physical constraint exerted by perianth and auxin redistribution promotes androgynophore bending in P. mucronata and might be related to the evolution of chiropterophily in the genus Passiflora.

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction Of Capsaicinoids From Malagueta Pepper (capsicum Frutescens L.) Assisted By Ultrasound.

Extracts from malagueta pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) were obtained using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) assisted by ultrasound, with carbon dioxide as solvent at 15MPa and 40°C. The SFE global yield increased up to 77% when ultrasound waves were applied, and the best condition of ultrasound-assisted extraction was ultrasound power of 360W applied during 60min. Four capsaicinoids were identified in the extracts and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. The use of ultrasonic waves did not influence significantly the capsaicinoid profiles and the phenolic content of the extracts. However, ultrasound has enhanced the SFE rate. A model based on the broken and intact cell concept was adequate to represent the extraction kinetics and estimate the mass transfer coefficients, which were increased with ultrasound. Images obtained by field emission scanning electron microscopy showed that the action of ultrasonic waves did not cause cracks on the cell wall surface. On the other hand, ultrasound promoted disturbances in the vegetable matrix, leading to the release of extractable material on the solid surface. The effects of ultrasound were more significant on SFE from larger solid particles.

Improvement Of The Physical Performance Is Associated With Activation Of No/pgc-1α/mttfa Signaling Pathway And Increased Protein Expressions Of Electron Transport Chain In Gastrocnemius Muscle From Rats Supplemented With L-arginine.

To examine the influence of l-arginine supplementation in combination with physical training on mitochondrial biomarkers from gastrocnemius muscle and its relationship with physical performance. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control sedentary (SD), sedentary supplemented with l-arginine (SDLA), trained (TR) and trained supplemented with l-arginine (TRLA). Supplementation of l-arginine was administered by gavage (62.5mg/ml/day/rat). Physical training consisted of 60min/day, 5days/week, 0% grade, speed of 1.2km/h. The study lasted 8weeks. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial enriched fraction as well as cytoplasmic fractions were obtained for Western blotting and biochemical analyses. Protein expressions of transcriptor coactivator (PGC-1α), transcriptor factors (mtTFA), ATP synthase subunit c, cytochrome oxidase (COXIV), constitutive nitric oxide synthases (eNOS and nNOS), Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) and manganese-SOD (Mn-SOD) were evaluated. We also assessed in plasma: lipid profile, glycemia and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The nitrite/nitrate (NOx(-)) levels were measured in both plasma and cytosol fraction of the gastrocnemius muscle. 8-week l-arginine supplementation associated with physical training was effective in promoting greater tolerance to exercise that was accompanied by up-regulation of the protein expressions of mtTFA, PGC-1α, ATP synthase subunit c, COXIV, Cu/Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD. The upstream pathway was associated with improvement of NO bioavailability, but not in NO production since no changes in nNOS or eNOS protein expressions were observed. This combination would be an alternative approach for preventing cardiometabolic diseases given that in overt diseases a profound impairment in the physical performance of the patients is observed.

Preclinical Target Validation Using Patient-derived Cells.

The Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC) and its clinical, industry and disease-foundation partners are launching open-source preclinical translational medicine studies.

Distribution Of Lutzomyia Longipalpis Chemotype Populations In São Paulo State, Brazil.

American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) is an emerging disease in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Its geographical expansion and the increase in the number of human cases has been linked to dispersion of Lutzomyia longipalpis into urban areas. To produce more accurate risk maps we investigated the geographic distribution and routes of expansion of the disease as well as chemotype populations of the vector. A database, containing the annual records of municipalities which had notified human and canine AVL cases as well as the presence of the vector, was compiled. The chemotypes of L. longipalpis populations from municipalities in different regions of São Paulo State were determined by Coupled Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry. From 1997 to June 2014, L. longipalpis has been reported in 166 municipalities, 148 of them in the Western region. A total of 106 municipalities were identified with transmission and 99 were located in the Western region, where all 2,204 autochthonous human cases occurred. Both the vector and the occurrence of human cases have expanded in a South-easterly direction, from the Western to central region, and from there, a further expansion to the North and the South. The (S)-9-methylgermacrene-B population of L. longipalpis is widely distributed in the Western region and the cembrene-1 population is restricted to the Eastern region. The maps in the present study show that there are two distinct epidemiological patterns of AVL in São Paulo State and that the expansion of human and canine AVL cases through the Western region has followed the same dispersion route of only one of the two species of the L. longipalpis complex, (S)-9-methylgermacrene-B. Entomological vigilance based on the routes of dispersion and identification of the chemotype population could be used to identify at-risk areas and consequently define the priorities for control measures.

Low Molecular Weight Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (lmwptp) Upregulation Mediates Malignant Potential In Colorectal Cancer.

Phosphatases have long been regarded as tumor suppressors, however there is emerging evidence for a tumor initiating role for some phosphatases in several forms of cancer. Low Molecular Weight Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (LMWPTP; acid phosphatase 1 [ACP1]) is an 18 kDa enzyme that influences the phosphorylation of signaling pathway mediators involved in cancer and is thus postulated to be a tumor-promoting enzyme, but neither unequivocal clinical evidence nor convincing mechanistic actions for a role of LMWPTP have been identified. In the present study, we show that LMWPTP expression is not only significantly increased in colorectal cancer (CRC), but also follows a step-wise increase in different levels of dysplasia. Chemical inhibition of LMWPTP significantly reduces CRC growth. Furthermore, downregulation of LMWPTP in CRC leads to a reduced migration ability in both 2D- and 3D-migration assays, and sensitizes tumor cells to the chemotherapeutic agent 5-FU. In conclusion, this study shows that LMWPTP is not only overexpressed in colorectal cancer, but it is correlated with the malignant potential of this cancer, suggesting that this phosphatase may act as a predictive biomaker of CRC stage and represents a rational novel target in the treatment of this disease.