Aplicação do multi-layer stream mapping para a gestão da eficiência de recursos e produtividade de um sistema de produção

Mestrado em Engenharia Mecânica – Especialização Gestão Industrial

SCADA House Intelligent Management for Energy Efficiency Analysis in Domestic Consumers

The implementation of smart homes allows the domestic consumer to be an active player in the context of the Smart Grid (SG). This paper presents an intelligent house management system that is being developed by the authors to manage, in real time, the power consumption, the micro generation system, the charge and discharge of the electric or plug-in hybrid vehicles, and the participation in Demand Response (DR) programs. The paper proposes a method for the energy efficiency analysis of a domestic consumer using the SCADA House Intelligent Management (SHIM) system. The main goal of the present paper is to demonstrate the economic benefits of the implemented method. The case study considers the consumption data of some real cases of Portuguese house consumption over 30 days of June of 2012, the Portuguese real energy price, the implementation of the power limits at different times of the day and the economic benefits analysis.

Intelligent Remuneration and Tariffs for Virtual Power Players

Power systems have been through deep changes in recent years, namely due to the operation of competitive electricity markets in the scope the increasingly intensive use of renewable energy sources and distributed generation. This requires new business models able to cope with the new opportunities that have emerged. Virtual Power Players (VPPs) are a new type of player that allows aggregating a diversity of players (Distributed Generation (DG), Storage Agents (SA), Electrical Vehicles (V2G) and consumers) to facilitate their participation in the electricity markets and to provide a set of new services promoting generation and consumption efficiency, while improving players’ benefits. A major task of VPPs is the remuneration of generation and services (maintenance, market operation costs and energy reserves), as well as charging energy consumption. This paper proposes a model to implement fair and strategic remuneration and tariff methodologies, able to allow efficient VPP operation and VPP goals accomplishment in the scope of electricity markets.

Stochastic Framework for Strategic Decision-making of Load-serving Entities for Day-ahead Market

The deregulation of electricity markets has diversified the range of financial transaction modes between independent system operator (ISO), generation companies (GENCO) and load-serving entities (LSE) as the main interacting players of a day-ahead market (DAM). LSEs sell electricity to end-users and retail customers. The LSE that owns distributed generation (DG) or energy storage units can supply part of its serving loads when the nodal price of electricity rises. This opportunity stimulates them to have storage or generation facilities at the buses with higher locational marginal prices (LMP). The short-term advantage of this model is reducing the risk of financial losses for LSEs in DAMs and its long-term benefit for the LSEs and the whole system is market power mitigation by virtually increasing the price elasticity of demand. This model also enables the LSEs to manage the financial risks with a stochastic programming framework.

Elspot: Nord Pool Spot Integration in MASCEM Electricity Market Simulator

The energy sector in industrialized countries has been restructured in the last years, with the purpose of decreasing electricity prices through the increase in competition, and facilitating the integration of distributed energy resources. However, the restructuring process increased the complexity in market players' interactions and generated emerging problems and new issues to be addressed. In order to provide players with competitive advantage in the market, decision support tools that facilitate the study and understanding of these markets become extremely useful. In this context arises MASCEM (Multi-Agent Simulator of Competitive Electricity Markets), a multi-agent based simulator that models real electricity markets. To reinforce MASCEM with the capability of recreating the electricity markets reality in the fullest possible extent, it is crucial to make it able to simulate as many market models and player types as possible. This paper presents a new negotiation model implemented in MASCEM based on the negotiation model used in day-ahead market (Elspot) of Nord Pool. This is a key module to study competitive electricity markets, as it presents well defined and distinct characteristics from the already implemented markets, and it is a reference electricity market in Europe (the one with the larger amount of traded power).

Particle Swarm Optimization of Electricity Market Negotiating Players Portfolio

Energy systems worldwide are complex and challenging environments. Multi-agent based simulation platforms are increasing at a high rate, as they show to be a good option to study many issues related to these systems, as well as the involved players at act in this domain. In this scope the authors’ research group has developed a multi-agent system: MASCEM (Multi- Agent System for Competitive Electricity Markets), which performs realistic simulations of the electricity markets. MASCEM is integrated with ALBidS (Adaptive Learning Strategic Bidding System) that works as a decision support system for market players. The ALBidS system allows MASCEM market negotiating players to take the best possible advantages from each market context. However, it is still necessary to adequately optimize the players’ portfolio investment. For this purpose, this paper proposes a market portfolio optimization method, based on particle swarm optimization, which provides the best investment profile for a market player, considering different market opportunities (bilateral negotiation, market sessions, and operation in different markets) and the negotiation context such as the peak and off-peak periods of the day, the type of day (business day, weekend, holiday, etc.) and most important, the renewable based distributed generation forecast. The proposed approach is tested and validated using real electricity markets data from the Iberian operator – MIBEL.

Incentive-based demand response programs designed by asset-light retailers for day-ahead market

Following the deregulation experience of retail electricity markets in most countries, the majority of the new entrants of the liberalized retail market were pure REP (retail electricity providers). These entities were subject to financial risks because of the unexpected price variations, price spikes, volatile loads and the potential for market power exertion by GENCO (generation companies). A REP can manage the market risks by employing the DR (demand response) programs and using its' generation and storage assets at the distribution network to serve the customers. The proposed model suggests how a REP with light physical assets, such as DG (distributed generation) units and ESS (energy storage systems), can survive in a competitive retail market. The paper discusses the effective risk management strategies for the REPs to deal with the uncertainties of the DAM (day-ahead market) and how to hedge the financial losses in the market. A two-stage stochastic programming problem is formulated. It aims to establish the financial incentive-based DR programs and the optimal dispatch of the DG units and ESSs. The uncertainty of the forecasted day-ahead load demand and electricity price is also taken into account with a scenario-based approach. The principal advantage of this model for REPs is reducing the risk of financial losses in DAMs, and the main benefit for the whole system is market power mitigation by virtually increasing the price elasticity of demand and reducing the peak demand.

Towards a unified European electricity market: The contribution of data-mining to support realistic simulation studies

Worldwide electricity markets have been evolving into regional and even continental scales. The aim at an efficient use of renewable based generation in places where it exceeds the local needs is one of the main reasons. A reference case of this evolution is the European Electricity Market, where countries are connected, and several regional markets were created, each one grouping several countries, and supporting transactions of huge amounts of electrical energy. The continuous transformations electricity markets have been experiencing over the years create the need to use simulation platforms to support operators, regulators, and involved players for understanding and dealing with this complex environment. This paper focuses on demonstrating the advantage that real electricity markets data has for the creation of realistic simulation scenarios, which allow the study of the impacts and implications that electricity markets transformations will bring to the participant countries. A case study using MASCEM (Multi-Agent System for Competitive Electricity Markets) is presented, with a scenario based on real data, simulating the European Electricity Market environment, and comparing its performance when using several different market mechanisms.

Smart meters as a tool for energy efficiency

Gradually smart grids and smart meters are closer to the home consumers. Several countries has developed studies focused in the impacts arising from the introduction of these technologies and one of the main advantages are related to energy efficiency, observed through the awareness of the population on behalf of a more efficient consumption. These benefits are felt directly by consumers through the savings on electricity bills and also by the concessionaires through the minimization of losses in transmission and distribution, system stability, smaller loading during peak hours, among others. In this article two projects that demonstrate the potential energy savings through smart meters and smart grids are presented. The first performed in Korea, focusing on the installation of smart meters and the impact of use of user interfaces. The second performed in Portugal, focusing on the control of loads in a residence with distributed generation.

Processos Colaborativos e de Comunicação

Esta tese descreve um projeto desenvolvido na sua maioria durante o segundo semestre do ano letivo 2013/2014 nas instalações da Bosch Security Systems ST em Ovar, uma empresa do Grupo Bosch. Este projeto resultou de uma cooperação existente entre a Avans University of Applied Sciences (AUAS) e o Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto (ISEP), bem como entre a fábrica Bosch ST Ovar e o Centro de Desenvolvimento Bosch situado em Eindhoven, Holanda. O objetivo é o estudo dos processos colaborativos de comunicação que se realizam entre a R&D (Research and Development/Centro de Desenvolvimento) e a MP (Manufacturing Plant/Fábrica). O sucesso das organizações empresariais só é possível se se alcançar a satisfação das expectativas do mercado. Assim, para o sucesso de uma empresa, temos de ter em conta a sua eficiência para conseguir obter o máximo rendimento da sua missão, que só é possível através de comunicações e de processos produtivos/serviços que acrescentem valor ao bem que disponibilizam. Tendo sempre em vista este princípio, o Grupo Bosch tem vindo a adotar metodologias com o intuito de eliminar os desperdícios existentes nos seus negócios aumentando o máximo possível os seus rendimentos. O desafio foi encontrar problemas ou dificuldades que levam com que a comunicação não seja realizada eficazmente, o que origina, na maioria dos casos, atrasos nos projetos realizados nesta parceria. Com a orientação do diretor técnico da fábrica e observando o trabalho realizado por 2 MBI’s (Manufacturing Business Interface), iniciou-se a compreensão do meio e os métodos de trabalho da empresa, a forma como é que é feita a parceria com os centros de desenvolvimento, como também as responsabilidades e funções de cada um. O estudo desenvolvido teve como base a metodologia Soft Systems Methodology com envolvimento de um questionário submetido aos colaboradores Bosch, realizando-se no final as sugestões de melhoria. Este relatório apresenta assim o estudo dos processos colaborativos e de comunicação entre a fábrica e o centro de desenvolvimento.

The role of molecular imaging in modern drug development

Drug development represents a highly complex, inefficient and costly process. Over the past decade, the widespread use of nuclear imaging, owing to its functional and molecular nature, has proven to be a determinant in improving the efficiency in selecting the candidate drugs that should either be abandoned or moved forward into clinical trials. This helps not only with the development of safer and effective drugs but also with the shortening of time-to-market. The modern concept and future trends concerning molecular imaging will assumedly be hybrid or multimodality imaging, including combinations between high sensitivity and functional (molecular) modalities with high spatial resolution and morphological techniques.

Efficiency of indirect immunofluorescence assay as a confirmatory test for the diagnosis of human retrovirus infection (HIV-1 and HTLV-I/II) in different at risk populations

We compared the indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) with Western blot (Wb) as a confirmatory method to detect antibodies anti retrovirus (HIV-1 and HTLV-I/II). Positive and negative HIV-1 and HTLV-I/II serum samples from different risk populations were studied. Sensitivity, specificity, positive, negative predictive and kappa index values were assayed, to assess the IFA efficiency versus Wb. The following cell lines were used as a source of viral antigens: H9 ( HTLV-III b); MT-2 and MT-4 (persistently infected with HTLV-I) and MO-T (persistently infected with HTLV-II). Sensitivity and specificity rates for HIV-1 were 96.80% and 98.60% respectively, while predictive positive and negative values were 99.50% and 92.00% respectively. No differences were found in HIV IFA performance between the various populations studied. As for IFA HTLV system, the sensitivity and specificity values were 97.91% and 100% respectively with positive and negative predictive values of 100% and 97.92%. Moreover, the sensitivity of the IFA for HTLV-I/II proved to be higher when the samples were tested simultaneously against both antigens (HTLV-I-MT-2 and HTLV-II-MO-T). The overall IFA efficiency for HIV-1 and HTLV-I/II-MT-2 antibody detection probed to be very satisfactory with an excellent correlation with Wb (Kappa indexes 0.93 and 0.98 respectively). These results confirmed that the IFA is a sensitive and specific alternative method for the confirmatory diagnosis of HIV-1 and HTLV-I/II infection in populations at different levels of risk to acquire the infection and suggest that IFA could be included in the serologic diagnostic algorithm.

Ventilação de locais afetos a serviços técnicos elétricos

A correta ventilação de locais afetos a serviços técnicos elétricos, nomeadamente postos de transformação e salas de grupos geradores, reveste-se de extrema importância como garantia da continuidade e qualidade do serviço prestado, durabilidade dos materiais e equipamentos e da segurança das instalações e utilizadores. A ventilação dos locais afetos a serviços técnicos elétricos pode ser natural ou mecânica, dependendo das suas caraterísticas e das necessidades de ar para ventilação e combustão, quando aplicável. Os técnicos responsáveis pelo projeto de instalações elétricas não detém, em regra, um conhecimento muito profundo sobre este tema, sendo os seus projetos realizados com base em especificações e metodologias gerais disponibilizadas pelos fabricantes e comercializadores dos materiais e equipamentos. O projeto de uma solução de ventilação para um local afeto a serviços técnicos eléctricos exige o conhecimento de todos os ganhos térmicos no interior do espaço, o conhecimento das soluções técnicas e tecnológicas de ventilação bem como as metodologias de dimensionamento aplicáveis a cada situação. Sendo a fase de projeto elétrico, em regra, uma atividade com prazos apertados, pode conduzir ao menosprezar de certos aspetos particulares que carecem de investigação e tempo para serem desenvolvidos, o que pode resultar em projetos e mapas de quantidades que apresentam desvios da solução ideal para o cliente, podendo resultar em investimentos mais elevados, quer na fase de execução, quer na fase de exploração das instalações. Neste sentido, pretendeu-se com o presente trabalho, tratar o tema da ventilação de locais afetos a serviços técnicos, atendendo ao enquadramento normativo e regulamentar das instalações, às soluções técnicas e tecnológicas disponíveis no mercado e às metodologias de dimensionamento, apresentadas pelos documentos normativos e regulamentares. Pretendeu-se também desenvolver uma ferramenta informática de auxilio ao dimensionamento das soluções de ventilação de locais afetos a serviços técnicas eléctricos destinados a postos de transformação e grupos geradores de modo a reduzir o tempo normalmente exigido por esta tarefa, o que se traduzirá numa maior rentabilidade do tempo de projeto, assim como a normalizar as soluções apresentadas e minimizar a probabilidade de erro do dimensionamento das soluções, reduzindo assim a probabilidade de gastos em “trabalhos a mais” provenientes de erros em projeto, poupança em materiais presentes no mapa de quantidades, maior eficácia na execução da empreitada, poupança em gastos durante a exploração e desta forma numa proximidade entre as partes interessadas com o dimensionamento da ventilação do espaço técnico elétrico.

Eficiência e concentração na indústria bancária

O objectivo deste trabalho é a análise da eficiência produtiva e dos efeitos da concentração sobre os custos bancários, tendo por base a indústria bancária portuguesa. O carácter multiproduto da empresa bancária sugere a necessidade de se adoptar formas multiproduto da função custo (tipo Fourier). Introduzimos variáveis de homogeneidade e de estrutura que permitem o recurso a formas funcionais uniproduto (Cobb-Douglas) à banca. A amostra corresponde a 22 bancos que operavam em Portugal entre 1995-2001, base não consolidada e dados em painel. Para o estudo da ineficiência recorreu-se ao modelo estocástico da curva fronteira (SFA), para as duas especificações. Na análise da concentração, introduziram-se variáveis binárias que pretendem captar os efeitos durante quatro anos após a concentração. Tanto no caso da SFA como no da concentração, os resultados encontrados são sensíveis à especificação funcional adoptada. Concluindo, o processo de concentração bancário parece justificar-se pela possibilidade da diminuição da ineficiência-X.

Technology market transfer plan launch of DELIVES to E.U. Market©

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Biotecnologia