Dictionnaire françois-latin : auquel les mots françois, avec les manières d'user d'iceulx, sont tournez en latin... ([Reprod.]) / par maistre Iehan Thierry..

Collection : Archives de la linguistique française ; 376

Variabilidade genética de procedências e progênies de umbuzeiro via metodologia de modelos lineares mistos (REML/BLUP)

O umbuzeiro (Spondias tuberosa Arruda), espécie nativa do semi-árido brasileiro, é um dos recursos genéticos mais importantes para a produção de frutos destinados ao consumo in natura e à industrialização. No melhoramento de espécies perenes, o uso de técnicas de avaliação genética com base em modelos mistos do tipo REML/BLUP (máxima verossimilhança restrita /melhor predição linear não viciada) é fundamental para a predição de valores genéticos aditivos e genotípicos de indivíduos com potencial para seleção, tanto em nível intrapopulacional como interpopulacional. Este procedimento vem sendo aplicado com sucesso no Brasil, no melhoramento de várias espécies frutíferas e florestais. O presente trabalho teve como objetivos estudar a variabilidade genética, estimar parâmetros genéticos e realizar a predição de valores genéticos dos indivíduos, utilizando a metodologia REML/BLUP a partir da avaliação de procedências e progênies de umbuzeiro. O ensaio foi instalado em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com arranjo hierárquico desbalanceado, constituído de três procedências e 42 progênies. Foram avaliados os caracteres altura de plantas (ALP), maior diâmetro de copa (MAC), menor diâmetro de copa (MEC), diâmetro do colo (DIC) e número de ramos primários (NRP), os quais são correlacionados à produção de frutos. Os resultados obtidos permitem afirmar que, no umbuzeiro, aos nove anos de idade, a maior parte da variabilidade genética encontrada concentra-se dentro de populações. Os caracteres MEC e MAC apresentaram, respectivamente, valores de herdabilidade individual no sentido restrito de 0,08 e 0,14 e ganhos de 6% e 9%, respectivamente, com a seleção dos dez melhores genitores.

Guia d’audiodescripció (CapScribe)

Aquest document és una introducció a l’eina CapScribe per a audiodescripcions en vídeos digitals. Es tracta d’un programari gratuït per als entorns Mac d’Apple i pot treballar amb vídeos de Quicktime, YouTube i alguna altra plataforma i/o reproductor.

Statistical modelling of CSP solving algorithms performance

The goal of this work is to try to create a statistical model, based only on easily computable parameters from the CSP problem to predict runtime behaviour of the solving algorithms, and let us choose the best algorithm to solve the problem. Although it seems that the obvious choice should be MAC, experimental results obtained so far show, that with big numbers of variables, other algorithms perfom much better, specially for hard problems in the transition phase.

Metáforas sobre modelos educativos en Educación para la Salud: una propuesta de Aula de Salut.

Las metáforas son un instrumento pedagógico y terapéutico para facilitar la comunicación y comprensión de temas relacionados con la salud-enfermedad. Objetivo: Presentar las metáforas que el equipo de “Aula de Salut” ha elaborado en base a la experiencia en formación de grado, posgrado y profesionales, intervención y asesoramiento en Educación para la Salud (EpS), con el fin de reflexionar y enseñar los modelos de intervención en EpS. Método: Se ha seguido la metodología de la investigación-acción de Mac Kernan. Resultados: Se han caracterizado cuatro tipologías distintas de profesionales de la salud en función de su modelo de intervención (botijo, maceta, látigo y matrona) con sus respectivas metáforas. A través de dichas metáforas se provoca la implicación, tanto del alumno como del profesional, permitiéndoles observar y analizar sus modelos de intervención para ayudarles a comprenderlos y mejorarlos. Conclusiones: Ha resultado ser una herramienta muy útil porque abre una vía de investigación en el campo de la EpS tanto en la práctica asistencial como en la formación de los profesionales de la salud. También constituye un elemento clave de comunicación al convertirse en un modo de transmitir el mensaje de forma más efectiva y, finalmente, se alzan como una herramienta de pensamiento al transformarse en un medio para ayudar a entender nuevas ideas, conceptos y métodos.

Fluorescência e teores de clorofilas em abacaxizeiro cv. pérola submetido a diferentes concentrações de sulfato de amônio

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a análise da emissão da fluorescência da clorofila a e dos teores de clorofilas em plantas de Ananas comosus (L. Merril) cv pérola, cultivadas em casa de vegetação, submetidas a quatro concentrações de nitrogênio por adição ou não de sulfato de amônio, de acordo com os seguintes tratamentos: Tº= 0 T1/2 = 15; T1 = 30; e T2 = 60 mg/kg solo. As determinações de fluorescência mínima (F0), máxima (Fm), variável (Fv), terminal (Ft) e da eficiência fotoquímica máxima (Fv/Fm) de folhas adaptadas ao escuro foram realizadas ao longo do dia, aos cinco dias após a segunda aplicação de sulfato de amônio, efetuada 120 dias após o transplantio. A adição de sulfato de amônio afetou a fluorescência variável e a máxima, mas não afetou a fluorescência mínima, a terminal nem a eficiência fotoquímica. Houve diferenças significativas entre os valores das variáveis da fluorescência ao longo do dia em que foram feitas as leituras. Houve diferenças nos teores de clorofilas foliares, em função das concentrações de sulfato de amônio aplicadas, com aumento para clorofila a e para a relação clorofila a/b, mas não para clorofila b.

Copy number variations and cognitive phenotypes in unselected populations

IMPORTANCE: The association of copy number variations (CNVs), differing numbers of copies of genetic sequence at locations in the genome, with phenotypes such as intellectual disability has been almost exclusively evaluated using clinically ascertained cohorts. The contribution of these genetic variants to cognitive phenotypes in the general population remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical features conferred by CNVs associated with known syndromes in adult carriers without clinical preselection and to assess the genome-wide consequences of rare CNVs (frequency ≤0.05%; size ≥250 kilobase pairs [kb]) on carriers' educational attainment and intellectual disability prevalence in the general population. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The population biobank of Estonia contains 52,000 participants enrolled from 2002 through 2010. General practitioners examined participants and filled out a questionnaire of health- and lifestyle-related questions, as well as reported diagnoses. Copy number variant analysis was conducted on a random sample of 7877 individuals and genotype-phenotype associations with education and disease traits were evaluated. Our results were replicated on a high-functioning group of 993 Estonians and 3 geographically distinct populations in the United Kingdom, the United States, and Italy. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Phenotypes of genomic disorders in the general population, prevalence of autosomal CNVs, and association of these variants with educational attainment (from less than primary school through scientific degree) and prevalence of intellectual disability. RESULTS: Of the 7877 in the Estonian cohort, we identified 56 carriers of CNVs associated with known syndromes. Their phenotypes, including cognitive and psychiatric problems, epilepsy, neuropathies, obesity, and congenital malformations are similar to those described for carriers of identical rearrangements ascertained in clinical cohorts. A genome-wide evaluation of rare autosomal CNVs (frequency, ≤0.05%; ≥250 kb) identified 831 carriers (10.5%) of the screened general population. Eleven of 216 (5.1%) carriers of a deletion of at least 250 kb (odds ratio [OR], 3.16; 95% CI, 1.51-5.98; P = 1.5e-03) and 6 of 102 (5.9%) carriers of a duplication of at least 1 Mb (OR, 3.67; 95% CI, 1.29-8.54; P = .008) had an intellectual disability compared with 114 of 6819 (1.7%) in the Estonian cohort. The mean education attainment was 3.81 (P = 1.06e-04) among 248 (≥250 kb) deletion carriers and 3.69 (P = 5.024e-05) among 115 duplication carriers (≥1 Mb). Of the deletion carriers, 33.5% did not graduate from high school (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.12-1.95; P = .005) and 39.1% of duplication carriers did not graduate high school (OR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.27-2.8; P = 1.6e-03). Evidence for an association between rare CNVs and lower educational attainment was supported by analyses of cohorts of adults from Italy and the United States and adolescents from the United Kingdom. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Known pathogenic CNVs in unselected, but assumed to be healthy, adult populations may be associated with unrecognized clinical sequelae. Additionally, individually rare but collectively common intermediate-size CNVs may be negatively associated with educational attainment. Replication of these findings in additional population groups is warranted given the potential implications of this observation for genomics research, clinical care, and public health.

VariScan Software

VariScan is a software package for the analysis of DNA sequence polymorphisms at the whole genome scale. Among other features, the software:(1) can conduct many population genetic analyses; (2) incorporates a multiresolution wavelet transform-based method that allows capturing relevant information from DNA polymorphism data; and (3) it facilitates the visualization of the results in the most commonly used genome browsers.

Paikkatiedon kerääminen ja hyödyntäminen WLAN-verkossa

Työn teoriaosuudessa tutustutaan ensin yleisimpiin paikannusmenetelmiin. Käsiteltävänä ovat GPS-satelliittipaikannus sekä radiosoluverkkojen paikannusmenetelmät solupaikannuksesta monimutkaisempiin signaalin ominaisuuksia tutkiviin menetelmiin. Teoriaosuudessa käsitellään myös IEEE 802.11 –standardin PHY- ja MAC-kerrosten toimintaa sekä WLAN-verkon siirtotien ominaisuuksia paikannuksen kannalta. Ennen paikannusjärjestelmän toteuttamista työssä esitellään menetelmiä ja tuloksia muista tutkimuksista samalta tutkimusalueelta. Työssä toteutetaan paikannusjärjestelmä sekä solupaikannusta että signaalitasopaikannusta hyödyntäen. Solupaikannusjärjestelmälle määritellään palvelurajapinta, jonka kautta paikannuspalvelua voidaan hyödyntää muissa palveluissa. Kaksi paikannuspalvelun päälle luotua palvelua esitellään lyhyesti malliesimerkkeinä. Signaalitasopaikannuksen osalta kuvataan kaksi menetelmään kuuluvaa vaihetta ja yksittäisten komponenttien toiminta näissä vaiheissa. Paikannusmenetelmien tarkkuutta tutkitaan mittausten avulla ja testituloksista muodostetaan paikannustarkkuutta kuvaavat tilastot. Solupaikannuksen keskimääräinen virhe on ±50 metriä. Vastaavasti signaalitasopaikannuksen virhe on ±4 metriä ja parannettua algoritmia käyttäen ±3 metriä.

Mobile Protocol Stack Simulator

Nykypäivän maailma tukeutuu verkkoihin. Tietokoneverkot ja langattomat puhelimet ovat jo varsin tavallisia suurelle joukolle ihmisiä. Uusi verkkotyyppi on ilmestynyt edelleen helpottamaan ihmisten verkottunutta elämää. Ad hoc –verkot mahdollistavat joustavan verkonmuodostuksen langattomien päätelaitteiden välille ilman olemassa olevaa infrastruktuuria. Diplomityö esittelee uuden simulaatiotyökalun langattomien ad hoc –verkkojen simulointiin protokollatasolla. Se esittelee myös kyseisten verkkojen taustalla olevat periaatteet ja teoriat. Lähemmin tutkitaan OSI-mallin linkkikerroksen kaistanjakoprotokollia ad hoc –verkoissa sekä vastaavan toteutusta simulaattorissa. Lisäksi esitellään joukko simulaatioajoja esimerkiksi simulaattorin toiminnasta ja mahdollisista käyttökohteista.

Capital Controls with International Reserve Accumulation: Can this Be Optimal ?

Motivated by the Chinese experience, we analyze a semi-open economy where the central bank has access to international capital markets, but the private sector has not. This enables the central bank to choose an interest rate different from the international rate. We examine the optimal policy of the central bank by modelling it as a Ramsey planner who can choose the level of domestic public debt and of international reserves. The central bank can improve savings opportunities of credit-constrained consumers modelled as in Woodford (1990). We find that in a steady state it is optimal for the central bank to replicate the open economy, i.e., to issue debt financed by the accumulation of reserves so that the domestic interest rate equals the foreign rate. When the economy is in transition, however, a rapidly growing economy has a higher welfare without capital mobility and the optimal interest rate differs from the international rate. We argue that the domestic interest rate should be temporarily above the international rate. We also find that capital controls can still help reach the first best when the planner has more fiscal instruments.

Safety Traps

Fear of risk provides a rationale for protracted economic downturns. We develop a real business cycle model where investors with decreasing relative risk aversion choose between a risky and a safe technology that exhibit decreasing returns. Because of a feedback effect from the interest rate to risk aversion, two equilibria can emerge: a standard equilibrium and a "safe" one in which investors invest in safer assets. We refer to the dynamics of this second equilibrium as a safety trap because it is self-reinforcing as investors accumulate more wealth and show it to be consistent with Japan's lost decade.

Choosing a platform for a billing system

Enterprises have a need in use of billing. Before actual choose of a billing system an appropriate platform has to be deployed. This work presents a study of a platform choosing for a billing system and shows the role of optimally chosen platform. In evaluation of a platform several criteria were considered: cost, scalability, reliability, safety, usability, portability and efficiency. In the thesis three different platforms MAC OS, Linux and MS Windows were studied. The results of the evaluation of each platform are shown and according to this results the most suitable platform for a billing system was chosen.

Influence of M. tuberculosis lineage variability within a clinical trial for pulmonary tuberculosis.

Recent studies suggest that M. tuberculosis lineage and host genetics interact to impact how active tuberculosis presents clinically. We determined the phylogenetic lineages of M. tuberculosis isolates from participants enrolled in the Tuberculosis Trials Consortium Study 28, conducted in Brazil, Canada, South Africa, Spain, Uganda and the United States, and secondarily explored the relationship between lineage, clinical presentation and response to treatment. Large sequence polymorphisms and single nucleotide polymorphisms were analyzed to determine lineage and sublineage of isolates. Of 306 isolates genotyped, 246 (80.4%) belonged to the Euro-American lineage, with sublineage 724 predominating at African sites (99/192, 51.5%), and the Euro-American strains other than 724 predominating at non-African sites (89/114, 78.1%). Uneven distribution of lineages across regions limited our ability to discern significant associations, nonetheless, in univariate analyses, Euro-American sublineage 724 was associated with more severe disease at baseline, and along with the East Asian lineage was associated with lower bacteriologic conversion after 8 weeks of treatment. Disease presentation and response to drug treatment varied by lineage, but these associations were no longer statistically significant after adjustment for other variables associated with week-8 culture status.

Nitric oxide and ethylnitrosourea: relative mutagenicity in the p53 tumor suppressor and hypoxanthine-phosphoribosyltransferase genes.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a cellular messenger which is mutagenic in bacteria and human TK6 cells and induces deamination of 5-methylcytosine (5meC) residues in vitro. The aims of this study were: (i) to investigate whether NO induces 5meC deamination in codon 248 of the p53 gene in cultured human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B); and (ii) to compare NO mutagenicity to that of ethylnitrosourea (ENU), a strong mutagen. Two approaches were used: (i) a novel genotypic assay, using RFLP/PCR technology on purified exon VII sequence of the p53 gene; and (ii) a phenotypic (HPRT) mutation assay using 6-thioguanine selection. BEAS-2B cells were either exposed to 4 mM DEA/NO (Et2N[N2O2]Na, an agent that spontaneously releases NO into the medium) or transfected with the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene. The genotypic mutation assay, which has a sensitivity of 1 x 10(-6), showed that 4 mM ENU induces detectable numbers of G --> A transitions in codon 248 of p53 while 5-methylcytosine deamination was not detected in either iNOS-transfected cells or cells exposed to 4 mM DEA/NO. Moreover, ENU was dose-responsively mutagenic in the phenotypic HPRT assay, reaching mutation frequencies of 24 and 96 times that of untreated control cells at ENU concentrations of 4 and 8 mM respectively; by contrast, 4 mM DEA/NO induced no detectable mutations in this assay, nor were any observed in cells transfected with murine iNOS. We conclude that if NO is at all promutagenic in these cells, it is significantly less so than the ethylating mutagen, ENU.