Produção e caracterização de amilases bacterianas: α-amilase e ciclodextrina glucanotransferase (CGTase)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Produção semissólida de metarhizium anisopliae e beauveria bassiana em diferentes substratos e efeito da radiação ultravioleta e da temperatura sobre propágulos desses entomopatógenos

The present study was aimed to evaluate different (semi-solid) media for the production of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana propagules, and to evaluate the tolerance of these propagules to ultraviolet radiation and temperature. The experiments were performed at the Biological Control Laboratory of the Instituto Biológico at Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. For both fungi, 6 repetitions were performed for each of the 17 treatments: corn starch, full rice, parboiled rice, type-1 rice, type-2 rice, oat flakes, canjiquinha [grits], wheat flour, raw cassava flour, yellow corn flour, special wheat flour, corn flour, corn in grains, cassava starch, soy in grains, crushed wheat, and turf. The viability analysis was done in plastic plates containing BDA. For the bioassays involving exposure to ultraviolet light and temperature, BDA was also used for viability analysis, and each treatment was exposed to the UV radiation for 0, 25 and 50 seconds, the temperature exposure being at 20, 25, 30 and 35º C. Using a Potter tower, 2 mL of fungus suspension from each treatment was inoculated to the Diatraea saccharalis caterpillars. Regarding the sporulation, the largest concentrations of M. anisopliae and B. bassiana were found for the treatments with parboiled rice, type-1 rice, type-2 rice, yellow corn flour, corn flour and crushed wheat. The viability of all treatments was superior to 94.00%. Also, the longer the duration of the exposition to the UV, the smaller the number of fertile conidia. At 35o C, a significant loss of conidia viability was observed, and all the treatments presented some level of virulence.

Obtenção de amido resistente por intercruzamento e por tratamento hidrotérmico, e sua incorporação em bolos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Efeitos de modificações físicas sobre as propriedades de amido de tuberosas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Microbial biomass and soil chemical properties under different land use systems in Northeastern Pará

O aumento da produção agrícola na Amazônia brasileira tem ocorrido devido, em grande parte, à expansão da fronteira agrícola, utilizando áreas já antropizadas ou avançando sobre a vegetação primária. Ao mesmo tempo, os sistemas agrícolas, na pequena produção, continuam utilizando o fogo no preparo da área, o que leva à perda da capacidade produtiva dos solos em curto espaço de tempo, forçando a abertura de novas áreas. Este trabalho avaliou o efeito de métodos de preparo do solo e tempo de pousio que envolvem queima e trituração da vegetação, com permanência na superfície ou incorporada ao solo, com ou sem adubação mineral, em duas épocas do ano sobre os atributos químicos e biológicos do solo. O experimento foi instalado em 1995 em um Latossolo Amarelo do campo experimental da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, no nordeste do Estado do Pará. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, arranjados em esquema fatorial 2 x 6, sendo dois sistemas de manejo e seis tratamentos, estudados em duas épocas de coleta. Os sistemas de manejo envolveram as culturas de arroz (Oriza sativa), seguido de feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata) e mandioca (Manihot esculenta). Um sistema constou de dois ciclos de cultivo seguidos, deixando em pousio por três anos; e o outro, de um ciclo de cultivo, deixando em pousio por três anos. Os tratamentos foram: corte e queima da vegetação, com adubação NPK (Q+NPK); corte e queima da vegetação, sem adubação NPK (Q-NPK); corte e trituração da vegetação, deixando-a na superfície do solo, com adubação NPK (C+NPK); corte e trituração da vegetação, deixando-a na superfície do solo, sem adubação NPK (C-NPK); corte e trituração da vegetação, com incorporação e com adubação NPK (I+NPK); e corte e trituração da vegetação, com incorporação e sem adubação NPK (I-NPK). As coletas de solo foram realizadas na estação mais chuvosa (abril de 2006) e na menos chuvosa (setembro de 2006), na profundidade de 0,0-0,1 m. Em cada parcela, foram coletadas 10 amostras simples para compor uma amostra composta. O sistema de manejo mais intensivo apresentou maiores teores de C microbiano (Cmic) e N microbiano (Nmic), ao passo que o sistema menos intensivo mostrou maio teor de C orgânico. Os tratamentos que apresentaram maior teor de Cmic e Nmic foram aqueles em que houve corte, trituração e deposição da biomassa na superfície do solo. Os atributos químicos nos dois sistemas de manejo encontram-se em faixas que enquadram os solos como de baixa fertilidade; no entanto, P e K (no período chuvoso) foram mais elevados no sistema de manejo menos intensivo.

Development of cassava cake enriched with its own bran and Spirulina platensis

The cassava cake was developed enriching it with a biomass of Spirulina platensis and a type of bran made out of its own starch. This biomass, a part from being rich in protein, also contains vitamins, essential fatty acids and minerals. Around Umuarama, in the State of Parana, there is an agricultural/industrial complex annually producing and processing tons of cassava. Baked goods can be elaborated based in cassava as a way to expand the use of this raw material and to produce food free of gluten to celiac people. In this complex a solid byproduct is generated, which is rich in starch and fibres, and because of its low commercial value it is used for animal feed or discarded. The bran was dehydrated and analysed microbiologically as well as physically and chemically so as to be used in applied research. Developed energetic food based on cassava lacks protein, but this can be supplied by adding the biomass of Spirulina platensis. Different formulations of this cassava cake were developed varying the concentration of Spirulina platensis and cassava bran. The formulation that presented the best features received chocolate before being submitted to sensory tests by children in the public education system. The results show an excellent acceptance which made viable the development of this product because of aspects like nutrition, technology and sensorial.

Production and action of an Aspergillus phoenicis enzymatic pool using different carbon sources

Aspergillus phoenicis is an interesting heat tolerant fungus that can synthesize enzymes with several applications in the food industry due to its great hydrolytic potential. In this work, the fungus produced high enzymatic levels when cultivated on inexpensive culture media consisting of flakes from different origins such as cassava flour, wheat fibre, crushed soybean, agro-industrial wastes, starch, glucose or maltose. Several enzymatic systems were produced from these carbon sources, but amylase was the most evident, followed by pectinase and xylanase. Traces of CMCases, avicelase, lipase, β-xylosidase, β-glucosidase and α-glucosidase activities were also detected. Amylases were produced on rye flakes, starch, oat flakes, corn flakes, cassava flour and wheat fibre. Significant amylolytic levels were produced in the culture medium with glucose or when this sugar was exhausted, suggesting an enzyme in the constitutive form. Cassava flour, rye, oats, barley and corn flakes were also used as substrates in the hydrolytic reactions, aiming to verify the liberation potential of reducing sugars. Corn flakes induced greater liberation of reducing sugars as compared to the others. Thin layer chromatography of the reaction end products showed that the hydrolysis of cassava flour liberated maltooligosaccharides, but cassava flour and corn, rye, oats and barley flakes were hydrolyzed to glucose. These results suggested the presence of glucoamylase and α-amylase as part of the enzymatic pool of A. phoencis.

Los pasos previos : Apuntes sobre la radicalización política y cultural a partir de la trayectoria empresarial de Jorge Alvarez (1963 - 1970)

En este artículo se reconstruye la trayectoria del empresario y productor cultural Jorge Alvarez entre los años 1963 y 1970. El objetivo es plantear algunos aspectos referidos a la relación establecida entre ciertos modelos de intelectualidad ligados a la versión argentina de la "nueva izquierda" cultural y las resonancias que las tendencias globales ligadas a un amplio proceso de contestación juvenil alcanzaron en nuestro país durante aquellos años. Como en buena parte del mundo occidental, la consolidación en la Argentina de la juventud como actor social significativo se alimentó de un heterogéneo universo de elementos que circulaban a través de renovados mecanismos de la industria y la cultura de masas. El artículo se presenta como un aporte para la incorporación de aspectos relativamente desatendidos en las lecturas existentes sobre el fenómeno de radicalización juvenil ocurrido en nuestro país en la intersección de las décadas del '60 y '70

Tabacaleros y acopiadores en la colonización del Alto Paraná Misionero (1930-1946)

Durante la expansión colonizadora de las décadas de 1920-1930 en el Alto Paraná Misionero, el tabaco fue para los colonos alemanes-brasileños un cultivo destinado a la obtención de ingresos monetarios y bienes de consumo. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el vínculo entre productores y acopiadores de tabaco, tratando de identificar los elementos conflictivos de esta relación (disputas por la clasificación y el precio del producto). El trabajo heurístico se focalizó en la Compañía Johann, la empresa acopiadora más grande de la colonia Puerto Rico y la única que mantiene los registros desde su creación (1929). El producto que acopió por más tiempo fue el tabaco (1929-1985), y en orden de importancia decreciente también acopiaron tung, almidón de mandioca y grasa de cerdo. A través de los libros de acopio y de venta de tabaco enfardelado se da vida a las dos caras de la producción del tabaco: los productores tabacaleros y los acopiadores. Dicha información ha sido enriquecida con entrevistas a informantes clave.

Los pasos previos : Apuntes sobre la radicalización política y cultural a partir de la trayectoria empresarial de Jorge Alvarez (1963 - 1970)

En este artículo se reconstruye la trayectoria del empresario y productor cultural Jorge Alvarez entre los años 1963 y 1970. El objetivo es plantear algunos aspectos referidos a la relación establecida entre ciertos modelos de intelectualidad ligados a la versión argentina de la "nueva izquierda" cultural y las resonancias que las tendencias globales ligadas a un amplio proceso de contestación juvenil alcanzaron en nuestro país durante aquellos años. Como en buena parte del mundo occidental, la consolidación en la Argentina de la juventud como actor social significativo se alimentó de un heterogéneo universo de elementos que circulaban a través de renovados mecanismos de la industria y la cultura de masas. El artículo se presenta como un aporte para la incorporación de aspectos relativamente desatendidos en las lecturas existentes sobre el fenómeno de radicalización juvenil ocurrido en nuestro país en la intersección de las décadas del '60 y '70

Tabacaleros y acopiadores en la colonización del Alto Paraná Misionero (1930-1946)

Durante la expansión colonizadora de las décadas de 1920-1930 en el Alto Paraná Misionero, el tabaco fue para los colonos alemanes-brasileños un cultivo destinado a la obtención de ingresos monetarios y bienes de consumo. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el vínculo entre productores y acopiadores de tabaco, tratando de identificar los elementos conflictivos de esta relación (disputas por la clasificación y el precio del producto). El trabajo heurístico se focalizó en la Compañía Johann, la empresa acopiadora más grande de la colonia Puerto Rico y la única que mantiene los registros desde su creación (1929). El producto que acopió por más tiempo fue el tabaco (1929-1985), y en orden de importancia decreciente también acopiaron tung, almidón de mandioca y grasa de cerdo. A través de los libros de acopio y de venta de tabaco enfardelado se da vida a las dos caras de la producción del tabaco: los productores tabacaleros y los acopiadores. Dicha información ha sido enriquecida con entrevistas a informantes clave.

Los pasos previos : Apuntes sobre la radicalización política y cultural a partir de la trayectoria empresarial de Jorge Alvarez (1963 - 1970)

En este artículo se reconstruye la trayectoria del empresario y productor cultural Jorge Alvarez entre los años 1963 y 1970. El objetivo es plantear algunos aspectos referidos a la relación establecida entre ciertos modelos de intelectualidad ligados a la versión argentina de la "nueva izquierda" cultural y las resonancias que las tendencias globales ligadas a un amplio proceso de contestación juvenil alcanzaron en nuestro país durante aquellos años. Como en buena parte del mundo occidental, la consolidación en la Argentina de la juventud como actor social significativo se alimentó de un heterogéneo universo de elementos que circulaban a través de renovados mecanismos de la industria y la cultura de masas. El artículo se presenta como un aporte para la incorporación de aspectos relativamente desatendidos en las lecturas existentes sobre el fenómeno de radicalización juvenil ocurrido en nuestro país en la intersección de las décadas del '60 y '70

Tabacaleros y acopiadores en la colonización del Alto Paraná Misionero (1930-1946)

Durante la expansión colonizadora de las décadas de 1920-1930 en el Alto Paraná Misionero, el tabaco fue para los colonos alemanes-brasileños un cultivo destinado a la obtención de ingresos monetarios y bienes de consumo. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el vínculo entre productores y acopiadores de tabaco, tratando de identificar los elementos conflictivos de esta relación (disputas por la clasificación y el precio del producto). El trabajo heurístico se focalizó en la Compañía Johann, la empresa acopiadora más grande de la colonia Puerto Rico y la única que mantiene los registros desde su creación (1929). El producto que acopió por más tiempo fue el tabaco (1929-1985), y en orden de importancia decreciente también acopiaron tung, almidón de mandioca y grasa de cerdo. A través de los libros de acopio y de venta de tabaco enfardelado se da vida a las dos caras de la producción del tabaco: los productores tabacaleros y los acopiadores. Dicha información ha sido enriquecida con entrevistas a informantes clave.

Da maniva ao grolado: práticas produtivas e patrimoniais no processo identitário dos Tremembé de Almofala (CE)

The indigenous political scene in Brazil is undergoing transformations that need to be better analyzed by scholars in the field of the Social Sciences. The deficit in the policy of indigenous land demarcation emerges as the largest obstacle in the conquest of collective rights. Therefore, a study to analyze renewed strategies in the struggle for social rights, and their implications in local everyday life relations, is urgent. In this context, the aim of this research is to understand the current social dynamics of identity among the Tremembé people of Almofala, in the state of Ceará, Brazil, with a fieldwork conducted in the flour mill of the Casa de Farinha Comunitária project, in the Lameirão community. Specific aims are: a) to analyze the processes involved in the project in order to comprehend their meanings and appropriations as well as their everyday life and political uses; b) understand the strategies to fight for social benefits; c) analyze the local ethnic classifications grounding the construction of the Tremembé identity in Almofala. Methods deployed are ethnography of communities, used to apprehend the social production of networks of relationships, and a social cartography of practices. The realization of rights demanded by the indigenous populations in Brazil is intertwined with a process of social and legal legitimation their identity and cultural heritage. Such legitimation works as a safeguard mechanism of rights secured by the Constitution. Therefore, to own a “cultural heritage” is perceived as a “passport” to benefit from emerging rights. Amid this context, changes in the traditional processing of the cassava root, a productive practice shared locally by diverse social groups, is reified as cultural heritage by the Tremembé people of Almofala and their network of collaborators in the pursuit of accessing distinctive public policies. Furthermore, the research came across specific social arrangements of local subjects which unfolded internal struggles, enabling to understand the dynamics of the Tremembé of Almofala identity process.

Desempenho de sementes de soja revestidas com biopolímeros

The use of biopolymers that help to fix pesticides efficiently and degrade easily without harming the environment, and still improve the physiological performance of field soybean seed may bring contributions to the soybean yield. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cassava starch polymers (AM), sodium alginate (ALG) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), in the concentrations 2, 4 and 6 g / 100 ml of solution, in the physiological attributes of seeds soy, seed speed soaking and performance of soybean seeds after three months of storage. The soybean variety used was the NK 7059 RR. The experimental design used for the three studies was a factorial with 48 experimental units: 3 polymers (AM, ALG and PVOH), 4 different concentrations (0%, 2%, 4% and 6%), with four replications, in a completely randomized design. It was observed the level of significance of the factors and their interactions, applying the test F. The polymers were evaluated by the Tukey test at 5% probability, and the concentrations were evaluated by polynomial regression. The witness obtained better results for most variables studied. Among the polymers, the best coating was observed PVOH because it was the less viscous polymer and visually not served as a substrate for microorganisms. However, also, satisfactory results were obtained for the AM and ALG polymers at a concentration of 2%. There was not interference of the polymers studied with regard to reduction of imbibition rate of soybean seeds. The hydrophilicity of polymers, mainly the AM and ALG accelerated soaking seeds harming germination at concentrations 4% and 6%. In general, the higher the concentration of polymers tended to worse results.