Water uptake by Annona diversifolia Saff. and A. purpurea Moc. & sessé ex dunal seeds (Annonaceae)

Annonaceae seeds are known by presenting dormancy mechanisms, whose reports ranging from coating impermeable to the physiological dormancy. By this way, the present study aimed to evaluate water uptake in Annona diversifolia Saff and Annona purpurea Moc & Sessé ex Dunal seeds. For this study, seeds were placed under immersion in distilled water, and used four replicates of 25 seeds of each species, which were weighed during the 480 hours that were immersed. To determine the place of purchase of water, Annona diversifolia seeds were sealed with paraffin at different locations. Based on the results, seeds from both species reached the phases I and II of water uptake, which indicates they are not hard; however, germination (Phase III) was not reached. Annona diversifolia seeds completed Phase I with, 50h and Annona purpurea with 70h from imbibitions begin, which shows that even slowly, water is acquire.

Life span and reproductive cost explain interspecific variation in the optimal onset of reproduction.

Fitness can be profoundly influenced by the age at first reproduction (AFR), but to date the AFR-fitness relationship only has been investigated intraspecifically. Here, we investigated the relationship between AFR and average lifetime reproductive success (LRS) across 34 bird species. We assessed differences in the deviation of the Optimal AFR (i.e., the species-specific AFR associated with the highest LRS) from the age at sexual maturity, considering potential effects of life history as well as social and ecological factors. Most individuals adopted the species-specific Optimal AFR and both the mean and Optimal AFR of species correlated positively with life span. Interspecific deviations of the Optimal AFR were associated with indices reflecting a change in LRS or survival as a function of AFR: a delayed AFR was beneficial in species where early AFR was associated with a decrease in subsequent survival or reproductive output. Overall, our results suggest that a delayed onset of reproduction beyond maturity is an optimal strategy explained by a long life span and costs of early reproduction. By providing the first empirical confirmations of key predictions of life-history theory across species, this study contributes to a better understanding of life-history evolution.

Decay of linkage disequilibrium within genes across HGDP-CEPH human samples: most population isolates do not show increased LD

Background It is well known that the pattern of linkage disequilibrium varies between human populations, with remarkable geographical stratification. Indirect association studies routinely exploit linkage disequilibrium around genes, particularly in isolated populations where it is assumed to be higher. Here, we explore both the amount and the decay of linkage disequilibrium with physical distance along 211 gene regions, most of them related to complex diseases, across 39 HGDP-CEPH population samples, focusing particularly on the populations defined as isolates. Within each gene region and population we use r2 between all possible single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) pairs as a measure of linkage disequilibrium and focus on the proportion of SNP pairs with r2 greater than 0.8. Results Although the average r2 was found to be significantly different both between and within continental regions, a much higher proportion of r2 variance could be attributed to differences between continental regions (2.8% vs. 0.5%, respectively). Similarly, while the proportion of SNP pairs with r2 > 0.8 was significantly different across continents for all distance classes, it was generally much more homogenous within continents, except in the case of Africa and the Americas. The only isolated populations with consistently higher LD in all distance classes with respect to their continent are the Kalash (Central South Asia) and the Surui (America). Moreover, isolated populations showed only slightly higher proportions of SNP pairs with r2 > 0.8 per gene region than non-isolated populations in the same continent. Thus, the number of SNPs in isolated populations that need to be genotyped may be only slightly less than in non-isolates. Conclusion The 'isolated population' label by itself does not guarantee a greater genotyping efficiency in association studies, and properties other than increased linkage disequilibrium may make these populations interesting in genetic epidemiology.

Estimativa da incerteza de medição em análise cromatográfica: abordagem sobre a quantificação de carbamato de etila em cachaça

The measurement uncertainty is useful to estimate the confidence of analytical results. Nowadays, a result without the uncertainty statement cannot be considered reliable, but the scientific literature still lacks examples of the estimate of the measurement uncertainty. This paper presents a practical and reliable description of the measurement uncertainty estimation of the analytical determination of ethyl carbamate in cachaça by GC-IDMS. The isotope dilution technique (ID) associated with GC-MS was used to improve the accuracy. The uncertainty estimated corresponds to 10% of the mass fraction of ethyl carbamate (115 ± 11) ng/g, which is in agreement with ppb level.

Development and validation of a method for the analysis of Ochratoxin A in roasted coffee by liquid chromatography/electrospray-mass spectrometry in Tandem (LC/ESI-MS/MS)

A method using LC/ESI-MS/MS for the quantitative analysis of Ochratoxin A in roasted coffee was described. Linearity was demonstrated (r = 0.9175). The limits of detection and quantification were 1.0 and 3.0 ng g-1, respectively. Trueness, repeatability and intermediate precision values were 89.0-108.8%; 2.4-13.7%; 12.5-17.8%, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in which Ochratoxin A in roasted coffee is analysed by LC/ESI-MS/MS, contributing to the field of mycotoxin analysis, and it will be used for future production of Certified Reference Material.

Kinetic modeling of the biosorption of Cd2+ ions from aqueous solutions onto Eichhornia crassipes roots using potentiometry: low-cost alternative to conventional methods

This work presents the use of potentiometric measurements for kinetic studies of biosorption of Cd2+ ions from aqueous solutions on Eichhornia crassipes roots. The open circuit potential of the Cd/Cd2+ electrode of the first kind was measured during the bioadsorption process. The amount of Cd2+ ions accumulated was determined in real time. The data were fit to different models, with the pseudo-second-order model proving to be the best in describing the data. The advantages and limitations of the methodology proposed relative to the traditional method are discussed.

Terpenos em cupins do gênero Nasutitermes (Isoptera, Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae)

The chemical composition of the front gland of termites has been studied for over 40 years. The genus Nasutitermes, considered the most evolved of the Termitidae family, has a peculiarity that sets it apart from the others: a caste of soldiers that carry a terpenic mixture used in defense. This secretion is formed by mono, sesqui and diterpenes from trinervitane, kempane and rippertane skeletons, only found in termites. This article sought to review the scientific literature and contribute to the knowledge on the chemical composition of the secretion of the Nasutitermes soldiers from the interesting aspects of its behavior.

Dinâmica espaço-temporal de Melocactus ernestii subsp. ernestii (Cactaceae) no Nordeste do Brasil

Melocactus ernestii Vaupel subsp. ernestii ocorre em afloramentos rochosos descontínuos no leste do Brasil. O presente estudo investigou o padrão espaço-temporal dos eventos de mortalidade e sobrevivência de plântulas da M. ernestii e a relação com as plantas perenes, a partir da utilização de parcelas, alocadas com auxílio de trenas, onde foram tomadas as coordenadas cartesianas do centróide dos estádios de desenvolvimento, com posterior análises de padrões de ponto baseado na função K de Ripley. Foram mapeados nas parcelas 686 indivíduos da M. ernestii. O padrão espacial variou em função da escala, do estádio de desenvolvimento e do grau de intemperização dos afloramentos. Os eventos de recrutamento e mortalidade foram espacialmente estruturados e influenciados por pulsos de precipitação sazonais. As plântulas emergiram a ca. 50 cm do centróide dos adultos. Das 136 plântulas monitoradas em 18 meses, 84% morreram. Os resultados mostraram que microsítios inicialmente eficazes na manutenção de sementes e promotores da germinação não necessariamente podem ser eficazes para o estabelecimento das plântulas. A magnitude das interações bióticas em ambientes estressantes é espécie-específica e indica que associação positiva entre plantas adultas e sobrevivência de plântulas não é consistente com o tempo. Este tipo de modelagem populacional permite melhor compreensão sobre o papel das interações positivas e negativas como forças estruturadoras de comunidades e pode ajudar a entender a complexidade das interações bióticas em gradientes ambientais severos.

Development and validation of a method for detection and quantification of ochratoxin A in green coffee using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry

A method using Liquid Chromatography Tanden Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with matrix-matched calibration curve was developed and validated for determining ochratoxin A (OTA) in green coffee. Linearity was found between 3.0 and 23.0 ng.g-1. Mean recoveries ranged between 90.45% and 108.81%; the relative standard deviation under repeatability and intermediate precision conditions ranged from 5.39% to 9.94% and from 2.20% to 14.34%, respectively. The limits of detection and quantification were 1.2 ng.g-1 and 3.0 ng.g-¹, respectively. The method developed was suitable and contributed to the field of mycotoxin analysis, and it will be used for future production of the Certified Reference Material (CRM) for OTA in coffee.

Determinación simultánea de anticonvulsirantes y sus principales metabolitos por cromatografía de líquidos de alta resolución

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Química Analítica Biomédica) UANL

Índice de masa corporal, comorbilidad y calidad de vida en adultos de una área urbana

Tesis ( Maestría en Ciencias de Enfermería con énfasis en Salud Comunitaria) U.A.N.L. Facultad de Enfermería

Producción, purificación y bioensayo de prolactinas recombinantes.

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Genética) UANL, 2011.

Percepción de riesgo y conocimiento de VIH

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias de Enfermería) UANL, 2014.

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UANL