Adjektiiveihin liittyvät kollokaatit kuntien Internet-sivujen esittelyteksteissä. Korpuslingvististen menetelmien mahdollisuudet ja rajat kvalitatiivisessa tutkimuksessa.

Tarkastelen kuntien esittelyteksteissä esiintyviä, adjektiiveihin ja adjektiiviryhmiin liittyviä kollokaatioita ja kolligaatioita, eli myötäilmauksia. Adjektiiveja käsittelen adjektiiviryhmittäin, joita on kuusi. Laskevassa kokojärjestyksessä aineistossani esiintyvät adjektiiviryhmät ovat seuraavat: suhteelliset, absoluuttiset, yksilöivät, taipumattomat, suhteutusadjektiivit sekä proadjektiivit. Kiinnitän huomiota erityisesti siihen, millaisia kollokaatiosuhteita (nousevat ja laskevat kollokaatiot) eri adjektiiveihin ja eri adjektiiviryhmiin liittyy. Käyttämäni tekstiaineisto on pienehkö sähköinen tekstikorpus, joka koostuu suomalaisten kuntien Internet-sivuilta kerätyistä esittelyteksteistä. Korpuksessa on yhteensä 119 tekstiä, ja niissä on kyse kunnan esittelystä Internet-sivustojen lukijoille, eli tavallisesti erilaisesta oman kunnan markkinoinnista. Aineistooni kuuluvien kuntien väkiluku on vähemmän kuin 3000 asukasta, eli tutkimuskunnissa kyse on kaikkein pienimmistä Suomen kunnista. Tutkimusaineistooni, eli sähköiseen korpukseen, kuuluvat tekstit on käsitelty Fintwol-ohjelmalla, jolloin niihin on tehty koneavusteinen morfologinen analyysi. Jokaiseen saneeseen on siis lisätty sille kuuluva morfologinen tulkinta. Tarkoitukseni onkin havainnoida myös tietokoneen mahdollistamia sähköisiä tutkimusmenetelmiä kvalitatiivisen kielentutkimuksen välineenä. Kollokaatioiden tutkimuksessa tekstikorpuksia on käytetty pitkään, mutta aiemmin morfologinen analyysi on tavallisesti tehty käsin ja analyysit perustuneet esimerkiksi tiettyjen lekseemien tarkasteluun. Tutkimuksessani selvitän, millaisia mahdollisuuksia tietokoneavusteinen analyysi tuo kvalitatiiviseen kielentutkimukseen sekä millaisia rajoituksia sillä on. Adjektiivi-kollokaatti-esiintymien avulla kuvaillaan esittelyteksteissä usein kuntaa joko suoraan tai välillisesti. Tietokoneavusteisesta analyysista saadut tulokset ovat lähinnä kvantitatiivisia, mutta käytän tarkastelun apuna konkordanssilistaa, eli niin kutsuttua KWIC-listaa (Key Word In Context), jonka tarkasteluvälin pituudeksi olen rajannut viisi sanaa. Tämä pituus sisältää tarkasteltavan lekseemin (adjektiivi) sekä kaksi sanaa sen edellä ja jäljessä. Havainnoin sähköisestä korpuksesta saamieni tilastollisten tulosten avulla myös sitä, millainen aineisto ja tekstilaji esittelytekstit ovat. Vertailen saamiani tuloksia muista korpuksista saatuihin tilastollisiin tuloksiin. Adjektiiviryhmiin liittyvät nousevat kollokaatiosuhteet, joissa kollokaatti on adjektiivia yleisempi, toistuvat läpi aineiston samanlaisina: Näissä kollokaatiosuhteissa adjektiivit kollokoivat useimmiten sellaisen sanaston kanssa, joka on varsin yleistä koko aineistossani. Esimerkiksi substantiivit kunta ja palvelu, jotka ovat koko aineiston yleisimpiä sanoja, esiintyvät kaikkien adjektiiviryhmien adjektiivien kollokaatteina toistuvasti. Ne myös ilmaisevat sellaisia esittelyteksteissä toistuvia aiheita, jotka ovat kunnille tärkeitä ja joita käsitellään monessa esittelytekstissä. Laskevat kollokaatiosuhteet taas ilmaisevat lähinnä esittelyteksteissä yleisiä, adjektiivien merkitystä määrittäviä leksikaalisia suhteita, kuten adjektiivi-kollokaatti-parit hyvät liikenneyhteydet tai kaunis maisema. Esittelytekstiaineistoni käsittelyyn tietokoneavusteinen analyysi soveltui vain osittain. Suurin ongelma aiheutui paikannimistä (esim.

Cyanide poisoning in cattle from Dysphania glomulifera (red crumbweed): Using the internet for rapid plant identification and diagnostic advice: Case Report

A 300-strong Angus-Brahman cattle herd near Springsure, central Queensland, was being fed Acacia shirleyi (lancewood) browse during drought and crossed a 5-hectare, previously burnt area with an almost pure growth of Dysphania glomulifera subspecies glomulifera (red crumbweed) on their way to drinking water. Forty cows died of cyanide poisoning over 2 days before further access to the plant was prevented. A digital image of a plant specimen made on a flat-bed scanner and transmitted by email was used to identify D glomulifera. Specific advice on the plant's poisonous properties and management of the case was then provided by email within 2 hours of an initial telephone call by the field veterinarian to the laboratory some 600 km away. The conventional method using physical transport of a pressed dried plant specimen to confirm the identification took 5 days. D glomulifera was identified in the rumen of one of two cows necropsied. The cyanogenic potential of D glomulifera measured 4 days after collection from the site of cattle deaths was 18,600 mg HCN/kg in dry matter. The lethal dose of D glomulifera for a 420 kg cow was estimated as 150 to 190 g wet weight. The plant also contained 4.8% KNO3 equivalent in dry matter, but nitrate-nitrite poisoning was not involved in the deaths.

A qualitative exploration of Internet-based treatment for comorbid depression and alcohol misuse

Background Many Internet-based treatments for depression and for alcohol misuse have a positive impact, yet little is known about how these treatments work. Most research on web-based interventions involves efficacy trials which, while important, offer little explanation about how people perceive and use online programs. Objective This study aimed to undertake a qualitative exploration of participants' experience, perceived impact and use of an integrated web-based program for comorbid depression and alcohol misuse. Specifically, it explored users' perspectives on the intensity of their treatment and the level of support they received. Methods Interviewees were drawn from participants in a randomised controlled trial of the OnTrack web-based treatment for depression and alcohol misuse, which compared Brief Self-Guided, Comprehensive Self-Guided and Comprehensive Therapist-Assisted versions of the program. Twenty-nine people (9–11 from each condition) completed semi-structured telephone interviews asking about their impressions and experiences with the program. Interview transcriptions were subject to a 6-step thematic analysis, employing a conceptual matrix to identify thematic differences across groups. Results Positive experiences and outcomes were more pronounced among participants receiving the comprehensive treatments than the brief one, but other responses were relatively consistent across conditions. A major theme was a wish for more individualisation and human contact, even in participants receiving emailed assistance. Some confused follow-up research assessments with therapist support. There was little correspondence between the perceived impact of the program and the amount reportedly completed, and some participants said they used strategies offline or completed exercises mentally. Conclusions This study highlighted discrepancies between how web-based treatments are intended to be used and how people actually engage with them. A challenge for the next wave of these interventions is the provision of individualised responses and coaching that retains an emphasis on self-management and constrains cost.

Selecting replacements for invasive plants to support frugivores in highly modified sites: a case study focusing on Lantana camara

Invasive plants are regarded as a major threat to biodiversity worldwide. Yet, in some cases, invasive plants now perform important ecological functions. For example, fleshy-fruited invasive plants provide food that supports indigenous frugivore populations. How can the disparate goals of conservation versus invasive weed control be managed? We suggest using the fruit characteristics of the invasive plant to select replacement indigenous plants that are functionally similar from the perspective of frugivores. These could provide replacement food resources at sites where plants with these characteristics are part of the goal plant community and where such plants would not otherwise regenerate. Replacement plants could also redirect seed dispersal processes to favour indigenous, rather than invasive, plant species. We investigated the utility of this approach by ranking all indigenous fleshy-fruited plant species from a region using a simple model that scored species based upon measures of fruit phenology, morphology, conspicuousness and accessibility relative to a target invasive species, Lantana (Lantana camara). The model successfully produced high scores for indigenous plant species that were used by more of the frugivores of Lantana than a random selection of plants, suggesting that this approach warrants further investigation.

Country of Origin and Internet Publication: Applying the Berne Convention in the Digital Age

Historically, determining the country of origin of a published work presented few challenges, because works were generally published physically – whether in print or otherwise – in a distinct location or few locations. However, publishing opportunities presented by new technologies mean that we now live in a world of simultaneous publication – works that are first published online are published simultaneously to every country in world in which there is Internet connectivity. While this is certainly advantageous for the dissemination and impact of information and creative works, it creates potential complications under the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (“Berne Convention”), an international intellectual property agreement to which most countries in the world now subscribe. Under the Berne Convention’s national treatment provisions, rights accorded to foreign copyright works may not be subject to any formality, such as registration requirements (although member countries are free to impose formalities in relation to domestic copyright works). In Kernel Records Oy v. Timothy Mosley p/k/a Timbaland, et al. however, the Florida Southern District Court of the United States ruled that first publication of a work on the Internet via an Australian website constituted “simultaneous publication all over the world,” and therefore rendered the work a “United States work” under the definition in section 101 of the U.S. Copyright Act, subjecting the work to registration formality under section 411. This ruling is in sharp contrast with an earlier decision delivered by the Delaware District Court in Håkan Moberg v. 33T LLC, et al. which arrived at an opposite conclusion. The conflicting rulings of the U.S. courts reveal the problems posed by new forms of publishing online and demonstrate a compelling need for further harmonization between the Berne Convention, domestic laws and the practical realities of digital publishing. In this chapter, we argue that even if a work first published online can be considered to be simultaneously published all over the world it does not follow that any country can assert itself as the “country of origin” of the work for the purpose of imposing domestic copyright formalities. More specifically, we argue that the meaning of “United States work” under the U.S. Copyright Act should be interpreted in line with the presumption against extraterritorial application of domestic law to limit its application to only those works with a real and substantial connection to the United States. There are gaps in the Berne Convention’s articulation of “country of origin” which provide scope for judicial interpretation, at a national level, of the most pragmatic way forward in reconciling the goals of the Berne Convention with the practical requirements of domestic law. We believe that the uncertainties arising under the Berne Convention created by new forms of online publishing can be resolved at a national level by the sensible application of principles of statutory interpretation by the courts. While at the international level we may need a clearer consensus on what amounts to “simultaneous publication” in the digital age, state practice may mean that we do not yet need to explore textual changes to the Berne Convention.

Producer Demonstration Sites (PDS) coordination and delivery

Producer Demonstration Site (PDS) - Funding to accommodate the establishment of 14 PDS sites over 3 years. Implementation of PDS to increase research adoption and practice change in Queensland.

Probing into the role of conserved N-glycosylation sites in the Tyrosinase glycoprotein family

N-linked glycosylation has a profound effect on the proper folding, oligomerization and stability of glycoproteins. These glycans impart many properties to proteins that may be important for their proper functioning, besides having a tendency to exert a chaperone-like effect on them. Certain glycosylation sites in a protein however, are more important than other sites for their function and stability. It has been observed that some N-glycosylation sites are conserved over families of glycoproteins over evolution, one such being the tyrosinase related protein family. The role of these conserved N-glycosylation sites in their trafficking, sorting, stability and activity has been examined here. By scrutinizing the different glycosylation sites on this family of glycoproteins it was inferred that different sites in the same family of polypeptides can perform distinct functions and conserved sites across the paralogues may perform diverse functions.

Technical Advice Tully Cane Demo Farm Sites

Provision of technical advice for Tully cane demo farm sites as part of the Paddock-scale monitoring in the Wet Tropics Natural Resource Management region.

Internet based spatial data delivery and reporting system for cotton industry

Development of an internet based spatial data delivery and reporting system for the Australian Cotton Industry.

Evaluation of polymorphisms in predicted target sites for micro RNAs differentially expressed in endometriosis

Previous microarray analyses identified 22 microRNAs (miRNAs) differentially expressed in paired ectopic and eutopic endometrium of women with and without endometriosis. To investigate further the role of these miRNAs in women with endometriosis, we conducted an association study aiming to explore the relationship between endometriosis risk and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNA target sites for these differentially expressed miRNAs. A panel of 102 SNPs in the predicted miRNA binding sites were evaluated for an endometriosis association study and an ingenuity pathway analysis was performed. Fourteen rare variants were identified in this study. We found SNP rs14647 in the Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate gene1 (WHSC1) 3'UTR (untranslated region) was associated with endometriosis-related infertility presenting an odds ratio of 12.2 (95% confidence interval = 2.4-60.7, P = 9.03 x 10(-5)). SNP haplotype AGG in the solute carrier family 22, member 23 (SLC22A23) 3'UTR was associated with endometriosis-related infertility and more severe disease. With the individual genotyping data, ingenuity pathways analysis identified the tumour necrosis factor and cyclin-dependant kinase inhibitor as major factors in the molecular pathways. Significant associations between WHSC1 alleles and endometriosis-related infertility and SLC22A23 haplotypes and the disease severe stage were identified. These findings may help focus future research on subphenotypes of this disease. Replication studies in independent large sample sets to confirm and characterize the involvement of the gene variation in the pathogenesis of endometriosis are needed.

Remote management technologies: Producer demonstration sites Roma region

Technology demonstration sites for remote water management for Roma region.

Prediction of bubble growth rates and departure volumes in nucleate boiling at isolated sites

A model has been developed to predict heat transfer rates and sizes of bubbles generated during nucleate pool boiling. This model assumes conduction and a natural convective heat transfer mechanism through the liquid layer under the bubble and transient conduction from the bulk liquid. The temperature of the bulk liquid in the vicinity of the bubble is obtained by assuming a turbulent natural convection process from the hot plate to the liquid bulk. The shape of the bubble is obtained by equilibrium analysis. The bubble departure condition is predicted by a force balance equation. Good agreement has been found between the bubble radii predicted by the present theory and the ones obtained experimentally.

Internet marketing capabilities and international market growth

The Internet has been shown to facilitate elements of internationalisation such as information accumulation and network opportunities. However, there is limited understanding of how the Internet combined with marketing capabilities drives international market growth. This study, based on a sample of 224 Australian firms, develops and tests, using structural equation modelling (SEM), a conceptual model of Internet marketing capabilities and international market growth. Results indicate that firms deploying Internet marketing capabilities will benefit due to the reduction of information uncertainty and increased capacity to develop international network capabilities. Moreover, Internet marketing capabilities indirectly lead to international market growth when the firm has a high level of international strategic orientation and international network capabilities. Overall, Internet marketing capabilities enhance the firm's ability to generate other internal capabilities within the firm, which in turn have a positive impact on the international market growth of the firm.