HLA-G expression during preimplantation human embryo development.

HLA-G is a nonclassical class I major histocompatibility complex molecule with a restricted pattern of expression that includes the placental extravillus cytotrophoblast cells in direct contact with maternal tissues. Circumstantial evidence suggests that HLA-G may play a role in protection of the semiallogeneic human fetus. We examined whether HLA-G is expressed during the critical period of preimplantation human development and whether expression of this molecule could be correlated with the cleavage rate of embryos. Using reverse transcription PCR on surplus human embryos and unfertilized oocytes from patients undergoing in vitro fertilization we detected HLA-G heavy chain mRNA in 40% of 148 of blastocysts tested. The presence of HLA-G mRNA was also detected in unfertilized oocytes and in early embryos, but not in control cumulus oophorus cells. beta 2-Microglobulin mRNA was also found in those embryos expressing HLA-G. In concordance with our mRNA data, a similar proportion of embryos stained positive for HLA-G utilizing a specific monoclonal antibody. Interestingly, expression of HLA-G mRNA was associated with an increased cleavage rate, as compared to embryos lacking HLA-G transcript. Thus, HLA-G could be a functional homologue of the mouse Qa-2 antigen, which has been implicated in differences in the rate of preimplantation embryo development. To our knowledge, the presence of HLA-G mRNA and protein in human preimplantation embryos and oocytes has not been reported previously. The correlation of HLA-G mRNA expression with cleavage rate suggests that this molecule may play an important role in human pre-embryo development.

Definition of a metal-dependent/Li(+)-inhibited phosphomonoesterase protein family based upon a conserved three-dimensional core structure.

Inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase, inositol monophosphate phosphatase, and fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase share a sequence motif, Asp-Pro-(Ile or Leu)-Asp-(Gly or Ser)-(Thr or Ser), that has been shown by crystallographic and mutagenesis studies to bind metal ions and participate in catalysis. We compared the six alpha-carbon coordinates of this motif from the crystal structures of these three phosphatases and found that they are superimposable with rms deviations ranging from 0.27 to 0.60 A. Remarkably, when these proteins were aligned by this motif a common core structure emerged, defined by five alpha-helices and 11 beta-strands comprising 155 residues having rms deviations ranging from 1.48 to 2.66 A. We used the superimposed structures to align the sequences within the common core, and a distant relationship was observed suggesting a common ancestor. The common core was used to align the sequences of several other proteins that share significant similarity to inositol monophosphate phosphatase, including proteins encoded by fungal qa-X and qutG, bacterial suhB and cysQ (identical to amtA), and yeast met22 (identical to hal2). Evolutionary comparison of the core sequences indicate that five distinct branches exist within this family. These proteins share metal-dependent/Li(+)-sensitive phosphomonoesterase activity, and each predicted tree branch exhibits unique substrate specificity. Thus, these proteins define an ancient structurally conserved family involved in diverse metabolic pathways including inositol signaling, gluconeogenesis, sulfate assimilation, and possibly quinone metabolism. Furthermore, we suggest that this protein family identifies candidate enzymes to account for both the therapeutic and toxic actions of Li+ as it is used in patients treated for manic depressive disease.

Opinion and generic question answering systems: a performance analysis

The importance of the new textual genres such as blogs or forum entries is growing in parallel with the evolution of the Social Web. This paper presents two corpora of blog posts in English and in Spanish, annotated according to the EmotiBlog annotation scheme. Furthermore, we created 20 factual and opinionated questions for each language and also the Gold Standard for their answers in the corpus. The purpose of our work is to study the challenges involved in a mixed fact and opinion question answering setting by comparing the performance of two Question Answering (QA) systems as far as mixed opinion and factual setting is concerned. The first one is open domain, while the second one is opinion-oriented. We evaluate separately the two systems in both languages and propose possible solutions to improve QA systems that have to process mixed questions.

A comparative study of open domain and opinion question answering systems for factual and opinionated queries

The development of the Web 2.0 led to the birth of new textual genres such as blogs, reviews or forum entries. The increasing number of such texts and the highly diverse topics they discuss make blogs a rich source for analysis. This paper presents a comparative study on open domain and opinion QA systems. A collection of opinion and mixed fact-opinion questions in English is defined and two Question Answering systems are employed to retrieve the answers to these queries. The first one is generic, while the second is specific for emotions. We comparatively evaluate and analyze the systems’ results, concluding that opinion Question Answering requires the use of specific resources and methods.

Splitting complex temporal questions for question answering systems

This paper presents a multi-layered Question Answering (Q.A.) architecture suitable for enhancing current Q.A. capabilities with the possibility of processing complex questions. That is, questions whose answer needs to be gathered from pieces of factual information scattered in different documents. Specifically, we have designed a layer oriented to process the different types of temporal questions. Complex temporal questions are first decomposed into simpler ones, according to the temporal relationships expressed in the original question. In the same way, the answers of each simple question are re-composed, fulfilling the temporal restrictions of the original complex question. Using this architecture, a Temporal Q.A. system has been developed. In this paper, we focus on explaining the first part of the process: the decomposition of the complex questions. Furthermore, it has been evaluated with the TERQAS question corpus of 112 temporal questions. For the task of question splitting our system has performed, in terms of precision and recall, 85% and 71%, respectively.

Creación automática de sistemas de búsqueda de respuestas en dominios restringidos

Los sistemas de búsqueda de respuestas (BR) se pueden considerar como potenciales sucesores de los buscadores tradicionales de información en la Web. Para que sean precisos deben adaptarse a dominios concretos mediante el uso de recursos semánticos adecuados. La adaptación no es una tarea trivial, ya que deben integrarse e incorporarse a sistemas de BR existentes varios recursos heterogéneos relacionados con un dominio restringido. Se presenta la herramienta Maraqa, cuya novedad radica en el uso de técnicas de ingeniería del software, como el desarrollo dirigido por modelos, para automatizar dicho proceso de adaptación a dominios restringidos. Se ha evaluado Maraqa mediante una serie de experimentos (sobre el dominio agrícola) que demuestran su viabilidad, mejorando en un 29,5% la precisión del sistema adaptado.

Question answering and multi-search engines in geo-temporal information retrieval

In this paper we present a complete system for the treatment of both geographical and temporal dimensions in text and its application to information retrieval. This system has been evaluated in both the GeoTime task of the 8th and 9th NTCIR workshop in the years 2010 and 2011 respectively, making it possible to compare the system to contemporary approaches to the topic. In order to participate in this task we have added the temporal dimension to our GIR system. The system proposed here has a modular architecture in order to add or modify features. In the development of this system, we have followed a QA-based approach as well as multi-search engines to improve the system performance.

Enrichment of the Phenotypic and Genotypic Data Warehouse analysis using Question Answering systems to facilitate the decision making process in cereal breeding programs

Currently there are an overwhelming number of scientific publications in Life Sciences, especially in Genetics and Biotechnology. This huge amount of information is structured in corporate Data Warehouses (DW) or in Biological Databases (e.g. UniProt, RCSB Protein Data Bank, CEREALAB or GenBank), whose main drawback is its cost of updating that makes it obsolete easily. However, these Databases are the main tool for enterprises when they want to update their internal information, for example when a plant breeder enterprise needs to enrich its genetic information (internal structured Database) with recently discovered genes related to specific phenotypic traits (external unstructured data) in order to choose the desired parentals for breeding programs. In this paper, we propose to complement the internal information with external data from the Web using Question Answering (QA) techniques. We go a step further by providing a complete framework for integrating unstructured and structured information by combining traditional Databases and DW architectures with QA systems. The great advantage of our framework is that decision makers can compare instantaneously internal data with external data from competitors, thereby allowing taking quick strategic decisions based on richer data.

An authoring tool for decision support systems in context questions of ecological knowledge

Decision support systems (DSS) support business or organizational decision-making activities, which require the access to information that is internally stored in databases or data warehouses, and externally in the Web accessed by Information Retrieval (IR) or Question Answering (QA) systems. Graphical interfaces to query these sources of information ease to constrain dynamically query formulation based on user selections, but they present a lack of flexibility in query formulation, since the expressivity power is reduced to the user interface design. Natural language interfaces (NLI) are expected as the optimal solution. However, especially for non-expert users, a real natural communication is the most difficult to realize effectively. In this paper, we propose an NLI that improves the interaction between the user and the DSS by means of referencing previous questions or their answers (i.e. anaphora such as the pronoun reference in “What traits are affected by them?”), or by eliding parts of the question (i.e. ellipsis such as “And to glume colour?” after the question “Tell me the QTLs related to awn colour in wheat”). Moreover, in order to overcome one of the main problems of NLIs about the difficulty to adapt an NLI to a new domain, our proposal is based on ontologies that are obtained semi-automatically from a framework that allows the integration of internal and external, structured and unstructured information. Therefore, our proposal can interface with databases, data warehouses, QA and IR systems. Because of the high NL ambiguity of the resolution process, our proposal is presented as an authoring tool that helps the user to query efficiently in natural language. Finally, our proposal is tested on a DSS case scenario about Biotechnology and Agriculture, whose knowledge base is the CEREALAB database as internal structured data, and the Web (e.g. PubMed) as external unstructured information.

Videos matemáticos

El proyecto de videos de divulgación de Matemática tiene el objetivo de poner en común algunos conceptos y fundamentos de esta ciencia que están presentes en la vida diaria y dar a conocer la importancia de los mismos, desmistificando la aparente dificultad y el prejuicio que se tiene hacia las Matemáticas. De esta forma se intenta democratizar el acceso a estos conocimientos para que más gente pueda sentirlos cerca de su realidad y también para que más niños y jóvenes los hagan suyos con la idea de que muchos de ellos podrían decidir estudiar carreras relacionadas a la Matemática si la vieran como una opción. Los videos cortos protagonizados por niños son ideales para lograr por un lado, la identificación del espectador con los protagonistas y por otro, para desarrollar los conceptos de forma comprensible para un público general. Estos videos pueden ser emitidos en la televisión, puedan usarse como disparadores de charlas en los colegios secundarios, pueden ser exhibidos en eventos y conferencias o ciclos de cine. La idea es que lleguen a la mayor cantidad de personas posible con el objetivo de acortar la brecha que existe entre la generación de conocimiento científico y la efectiva participación de los jóvenes en la cultura científica.

Desarrollo de electroimanes reconfigurables para uso en resonancia magnética nuclear y metrología magnética

Una técnica experimental de creciente interés en la comunidad internacional es la relaxometría magnética nuclear, la cual posee un amplio campo de aplicabilidad en la industria farmacéutica, alimentaria, petrofísica, caucho, cosmética y plástico, entre otras. Actualmente se desarrolla en el LaRTE (Laboratorio de Relaxometría y Técnicas Especiales) un prototipo alfa de un instrumento unico de resonancia magnética nuclear con campo magnético ciclado, que permitirá no solamente realizar estudios relaxométricos en muestras de hasta 35cm3, sino que posibilitará la obtención de imágenes y mediciones de difusión a diferentes valores de campo. El corazón de este aparato es un electroimán particular logrado con tecnología propia, el cual posee excelentes características al compararlo con el estado del arte. Este logro da sustento al desarrollo en marcha, el cual será posiblemente transferido a una empresa espín-off del laboratorio (Trovintek Advanced Magnetic Systems) en el futuro para un desarrollo beta. En esta dirección, este proyecto propone profundizar el desarrollo de los imanes logrados, tratando de alcanzar sistemas reconfigurables adaptivos según las características del campo requerido y según demande la aplicación (homogeneidad, velocidad de conmutación e intensidad). A su vez, estos mismos sistemas de imanes prometen excelente aplicabilidad en el campo de la metrología magnética, dirección en la cual el LaRTE ya ha comenzado a trabajar conjuntamente con la Unidad Técnica Electrónica del INTI (Córdoba). Dichos electroimanes pueden devenir, en si mismos, en dispositivos especialmente diseñados para tal aplicación.

Asar-i Şeyh Seyyid Mustafa Beyzade

Terceme-yi ahval-i Beyzade Mustafa Efendi -- Mevlid ün-Nebi -- Menasik ül-hac -- Naẓm al-nāṣiḥīn -- Silsilat al-Naqshabandīyah -- Muqaddimat al-Qaṣīdah al-durrīyah -- al-Qaṣīdah al-durrīyah -- Qaṣāʼid -- Şeyh Hafiz Mehmed al-Hisari'nin tarih-i irtihali -- Taqrīḍ Sharḥ al-Qāmūs -- Taqrīḍ Sharḥ al-Iḥyāʼ -- Murtaza Efendi'nin kaside-yi sabikaya takrizidir -- Beyzade Efendinin Yusufzade'ye verdiği icazetname -- Murad Molla Tekyesi şeyhi Abdülhalim Efendi'ye verdiği izinname -- Boluvi el-Hac Mustafa Efendi'ye verdiği icazetname -- Halil Efendi'ye verdiği icazetname -- Rizevi Ali Efendi'ye verilen icazetname -- Murtaza Efendi'nin Beyzade Efendi'ye i[r]sal eylediği mektub -- Beyzade Efendi'den Murtaza Efendi'ye tahrir olunan mektub -- Geyve Müftüsü Efendi'ye tahrir olunmuştur -- Kastamonu Müftüsüne irsal olunan mektubudur -- Hafiz Efendi'nin Beyzade Efendi'ye yazdıkları tezkire -- Beyzade Efendi hazretlerinin tezkireye cevapları -- Risālat al-Sulūk lil-Shaykh Beyzade -- Çorumlu Ebubekir Efendi'nin risale-yi manzumelerine takrizdir -- Cevab-ı mektub -- Medhiye-yi Abdülkadir el-Geylani -- İşbu salat-i şerife Beyzade Efendiden mervidir -- Risālat al-maʻlūm wa-al-majhūl.

[ Majmūʻat rasāʼil]

li-Maḥmūd Afandī al-Ḥamzāwī.

Şerh-i kasaid-i Mevlânâ Şevket

Commentary by Mehmed Murad Nakşbendi. Cf. İstanbul Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi Türkçe basmalar alfabe kataloğu, v. 2 (1956), p. 772.

Hādhā Sharḥ al-Faqīh al-ʻallāmah ... al-fahhāmah Sayyid Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan Aqṣabī ʻalá Manẓūmat al-Shaykh al-Imām khātimat jahābidhat al-muḥaqqiqīn al-aʻlām Sayyid al-Ṭayyib Ibn Kīrān wa-bi-hāmishihi Sharḥ al-Shaykh al-ʻālim al-bāriʻ ... Sayyid al-Tihāmī al-Būrī ʻalá al-Manẓūmah al-madhkūrah ayḍan

Āqaṣbī's commentary of the Manẓūmah of Ibn Kīrān, with al-Tihāmī's commentary of the same Manẓūmah in the margin.