O Arquitecto Giovanni Antinori

Tese para a obtenção do grau de Doutor no Ramo de Arquitectura, na Especialidade de História da Arquitectura, apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitectura da Universidade Técnica de Lisboa.

Oscuridad y exilio interior en la obra de Rafael Alberti

Rafael Alberti, miembro de la Generación del 27, es autor de una dilatada obra en la que la luz y su opuesto, la sombra, juegan un papel determinante. La oscuridad es, precisamente, el eje que sostiene toda su poética, junto a una esperanza constante de escapar hacia la luz. Dicha oscuridad se combina con un sempiterno sentimiento de desarraigo hacia el presente que el propio autor definió como “la nostalgia inseparable”. Alberti fue uno de los muchos intelectuales españoles que sufrieron el exilio tras la derrota de la II República en la Guerra Civil. Desde que salió de España, la patria abandonada se convirtió en el Paraíso perdido que evocaba constantemente. Pero el sentimiento de exilio ya existía antes de abandonar España, cuando ese Paraíso se identificaba con su pueblo natal, que dejó en la adolescencia para trasladarse a Madrid. Y cuando regresó a España al morir Franco, serían las tierras de su exilio las que adquirirían tintes paradisíacos. Porque, en realidad, los sucesivos paraísos perdidos y añorados no son espaciales, sino temporales. Alberti es incapaz de arraigarse a su presente, en el cual no encuentra su identidad. Esta tesis constituye una revisión de su obra poética y teatral desde el enfoque de la oscuridad y del sentimiento de exilio interior, llegando a demostrarse que los momentos álgidos de ésta coinciden con las crisis personales que experimentó a lo largo de su vida. Es decir, que la obra parte de la oscuridad y se sostiene en la nostalgia. Es la respuesta a la imposibilidad de regresar a un pasado definitivamente perdido.

El joven historiador costarricense Juan José Marín entrevista al DR. Giovanni Levi.

El joven historiador costarricense Juan José Marín entrevista al DR. Giovanni Levi.

Diritto tradizionale nobiliare e "diritto internazionale" nel pensiero di Giovanni Giacomo Leonardi. Con l'edizione dei manoscritti de' "Il Principe Cavalliero in duello", "Il Cavalliero Ambasciatore" e dei "Pareri in materia di honore di Cavalleria pertinenti al duello"

La presente ricerca prende avvio dalla ricostruzione della biografia di Giovanni Giacomo Leonardi (1498-1562), pesarese, architetto militare, ambasciatore e cavaliere al servizio dei duchi d’Urbino Francesco Maria I (1490-1538) e Guidobaldo II (1514-1574) della Rovere. Attraverso lo spoglio delle fonti tra Pesaro, Firenze e Venezia, se ne è fornita una collocazione nel panorama politico-culturale dell’Italia cinquecentesca, al fine di evidenziare l’importanza del suo trattato in trentadue libri, intitolato "Il Principe Cavalliero", dedicato ai precetti dell’arte militare, diplomatica e cavalleresca necessari a formare il perfetto principe del tardo Rinascimento. Dell’opera, rimasta inedita, sono state trascritte e studiate le parti dedicate alla scienza dell’onore e all’arte dell’ambasceria, al fine di dimostrare come i dettami della ‘religione di cavalleria’ influenzassero ogni ambito delle relazioni tra gentiluomini, comprese quelle interstatuali.

E.T.A. Hoffmann e W.A. Mozart: confronto tra la composizione letteraria di Don Juan e la composizione musicale di Don Giovanni

L'oggetto del presente elaborato è un confronto tra l'opera Don Giovanni di Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart e il racconto Don Juan di Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann. A una sezione dedicata alla vita dello scrittore e alle sue opere segue un'analisi della figura del Don Giovanni nella storia, in Hoffmann e in Mozart. Un parallelo tra i due capolavori è invece il tema dell'ultimo capitolo, con un focus specifico sui personaggi, i temi, e l'interpretazione.

Illuminazione pubblica: caso studio del comune di Sesto San Giovanni

Il presente elaborato finale ha lo scopo di illustrare tutti i parametri necessari alla progettazione di un “buon” impianto di illuminazione stradale, dotato di tutte le nuove tecnologie, per un maggior risparmio energetico incentrato alla valorizzazione e riqualificazione urbana. L’illuminazione pubblica negli ultimi decenni ha ricoperto un’importanza sempre maggiore all’interno della città e del territorio aumentando in modo esponenziale la presenza di corpi illuminanti e formando spesso una vera e propria macchia di luce durante la notte. L’implementazione degli apparecchi di illuminazione ha portato ad una maggiore sicurezza e, a volte, un maggiore comfort nelle zone cittadine, ma anche un notevole aumento di costi energetici a carico delle amministrazioni comunali. Pertanto, alla luce degli ultimi mesi, è necessario incrementare i servizi tecnologici basati sull’efficientamento energetico degli impianti, in particolare, adottando sempre di più la sorgente a LED e sistemi di riduzione del flusso luminoso, in sostituzione alle lampade obsolete esistenti con un basso rendimento energetico. Con lo sviluppo del traffico veicolare degli ultimi anni, l’illuminazione urbana ha modificato il suo aspetto nelle città, concentrandosi sul rispetto dei valori prescritti per consentire una maggiore sicurezza e scorrevolezza del traffico motorizzato durante le ore notturne a discapito della valorizzazione urbana. Infatti, le statistiche hanno mostrato che il tasso degli incidenti notturni, ossia il rapporto tra gli incidenti e il numero di veicoli in circolazione, è più elevato rispetto agli incidenti durante le ore diurne.

Dos conceitos de morte aos critérios para o diagnóstico de morte encefálica

The authors present considerations about death and brain death concepts, as well the legal aspects for its diagnosis in Brazil. They also present the UNICAMP Protocol for the Diagnosis of Brain Death, revised and according with the current law, with standard techniques for the diagnostic exam. They emphasize the importance of a mature ethical position for this frequent and challenging situation.

Linfoma ileal primário como uma causa de intussuscepção ileocecal recorrente

INTRODUÇÃO: A intussuscepção ocorre quando um segmento proximal do intestino invagina para dentro do lúmen do segmento distal adjacente. Esta patologia é relativamente comum em crianças, sendo geralmente idiopática, diferentemente do que é evidenciado em adolescentes e adultos, os quais apresentam uma causa orgânica comprovada na maioria dos casos. O linfoma intestinal como etiologia desta patologia é extremamente raro. RELATO DE CASO: Um paciente de 16 anos, masculino, referindo dor abdominal em quadrante inferior direito há 36 horas associada a vômitos e fezes com sangue vivo compareceu em nosso serviço. O exame físico se apresentava dentro da normalidade exceto por uma massa palpável no quadrante inferior direito. A ultra-sonografia abdominal revelou intussuscepção ileocecal. A colonoscopia demonstrou uma massa protuberante proveniente do orifício da válvula ileocecal que foi reduzida, tendo o paciente um alívio completo dos sintomas. Três semanas após, o paciente retornou ao nosso hospital com recorrência dos sintomas. Uma laparotomia exploradora foi realizada evidenciando uma massa polipóide no íleo terminal com intussuscepção para dentro do ceco. Uma colectomia direita ampliada foi realizada. Após exame patológico da peça e estadiamento tumoral, um linfoma de Burkitt primário foi diagnosticado. A recuperação pós-operatória não apresentou intercorrências e o paciente foi encaminhado para quimioterapia adjuvante.

Eletrodo de hidrogênio: o que há nos livros didáticos além de E¸ = 0?

The results of an exercise on electrochemistry for General Chemistry students are presented. The difficulty encountered by students in predicting the shift in the potential of the hydrogen electrode under non-standard conditions prompted a search in textbooks on how the subject is developed. Besides several instances of inconsistencies in defining the standard state, such as including the temperature in the definition, a number of incorrect depictions of the hydrogen electrode were discovered. Of the 28 General Chemistry books, 16 Physical Chemistry books and 24 Internet pages, 30, 20 and 46%, respectively, showed devices that would not work in practice.

The Role of Black Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the Control of Hypercholesterolemia in Rats

Cardiovascular disease is a serious public health problem; it is the first cause of death in Brazil and in developed countries. Thus, it is essential to search for alternative sources such as some functional foods to prevent and control the risks of this disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the lipidemic parameters in hypercholesterolemic rats fed diets containing black rice variety IAC 600 or unrefined rice. Adult male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus var. albinos) were used, weighing about 200-220 g. The animals were divided into four groups: the first received a control casein diet, the second received hypercholesterolemic diet, and the other two groups, after induction of hypercholesterolemia, received the test diets, the first containing 20% black rice and the second 20% unrefined, for 30 days. It was observed that diet containing black rice reduced the level of plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein. For high-density lipoprotein values, the diet that provided an increase in the levels was the black rice. The diet containing black rice was more effective in controlling the lipidemia in rats compared with the whole rice diet.

Cross-national epidemiology of DSM-IV major depressive episode

Background: Major depression is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, yet epidemiologic data are not available for many countries, particularly low- to middle-income countries. In this paper, we present data on the prevalence, impairment and demographic correlates of depression from 18 high and low-to middle-income countries in the World Mental Health Survey Initiative. Methods: Major depressive episodes (MDE) as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DMS-IV) were evaluated in face-to-face interviews using the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Data from 18 countries were analyzed in this report (n = 89,037). All countries surveyed representative, population-based samples of adults. Results: The average lifetime and 12-month prevalence estimates of DSM-IV MDE were 14.6% and 5.5% in the ten high-income and 11.1% and 5.9% in the eight low- to middle-income countries. The average age of onset ascertained retrospectively was 25.7 in the high-income and 24.0 in low- to middle-income countries. Functional impairment was associated with recency of MDE. The female: male ratio was about 2: 1. In high-income countries, younger age was associated with higher 12-month prevalence; by contrast, in several low-to middle-income countries, older age was associated with greater likelihood of MDE. The strongest demographic correlate in high-income countries was being separated from a partner, and in low- to middle-income countries, was being divorced or widowed. Conclusions: MDE is a significant public-health concern across all regions of the world and is strongly linked to social conditions. Future research is needed to investigate the combination of demographic risk factors that are most strongly associated with MDE in the specific countries included in the WMH.

Cross-National Analysis of the Associations between Traumatic Events and Suicidal Behavior: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys

Background: Community and clinical data have suggested there is an association between trauma exposure and suicidal behavior (i.e., suicide ideation, plans and attempts). However, few studies have assessed which traumas are uniquely predictive of: the first onset of suicidal behavior, the progression from suicide ideation to plans and attempts, or the persistence of each form of suicidal behavior over time. Moreover, few data are available on such associations in developing countries. The current study addresses each of these issues. Methodology/Principal Findings: Data on trauma exposure and subsequent first onset of suicidal behavior were collected via structured interviews conducted in the households of 102,245 (age 18+) respondents from 21 countries participating in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. Bivariate and multivariate survival models tested the relationship between the type and number of traumatic events and subsequent suicidal behavior. A range of traumatic events are associated with suicidal behavior, with sexual and interpersonal violence consistently showing the strongest effects. There is a dose-response relationship between the number of traumatic events and suicide ideation/attempt; however, there is decay in the strength of the association with more events. Although a range of traumatic events are associated with the onset of suicide ideation, fewer events predict which people with suicide ideation progress to suicide plan and attempt, or the persistence of suicidal behavior over time. Associations generally are consistent across high-, middle-, and low-income countries. Conclusions/Significance: This study provides more detailed information than previously available on the relationship between traumatic events and suicidal behavior and indicates that this association is fairly consistent across developed and developing countries. These data reinforce the importance of psychological trauma as a major public health problem, and highlight the significance of screening for the presence and accumulation of traumatic exposures as a risk factor for suicide ideation and attempt.

Cross-National Analysis of the Associations among Mental Disorders and Suicidal Behavior: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys

Background: Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide. Mental disorders are among the strongest predictors of suicide; however, little is known about which disorders are uniquely predictive of suicidal behavior, the extent to which disorders predict suicide attempts beyond their association with suicidal thoughts, and whether these associations are similar across developed and developing countries. This study was designed to test each of these questions with a focus on nonfatal suicide attempts. Methods and Findings: Data on the lifetime presence and age-of-onset of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV) mental disorders and nonfatal suicidal behaviors were collected via structured face-to-face interviews with 108,664 respondents from 21 countries participating in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. The results show that each lifetime disorder examined significantly predicts the subsequent first onset of suicide attempt (odds ratios [ORs] = 2.9-8.9). After controlling for comorbidity, these associations decreased substantially (ORs = 1.5-5.6) but remained significant in most cases. Overall, mental disorders were equally predictive in developed and developing countries, with a key difference being that the strongest predictors of suicide attempts in developed countries were mood disorders, whereas in developing countries impulse-control, substance use, and post-traumatic stress disorders were most predictive. Disaggregation of the associations between mental disorders and nonfatal suicide attempts showed that these associations are largely due to disorders predicting the onset of suicidal thoughts rather than predicting progression from thoughts to attempts. In the few instances where mental disorders predicted the transition from suicidal thoughts to attempts, the significant disorders are characterized by anxiety and poor impulse-control. The limitations of this study include the use of retrospective self-reports of lifetime occurrence and age-of-onset of mental disorders and suicidal behaviors, as well as the narrow focus on mental disorders as predictors of nonfatal suicidal behaviors, each of which must be addressed in future studies. Conclusions: This study found that a wide range of mental disorders increased the odds of experiencing suicide ideation. However, after controlling for psychiatric comorbidity, only disorders characterized by anxiety and poor impulse-control predict which people with suicide ideation act on such thoughts. These findings provide a more fine-grained understanding of the associations between mental disorders and subsequent suicidal behavior than previously available and indicate that mental disorders predict suicidal behaviors similarly in both developed and developing countries. Future research is needed to delineate the mechanisms through which people come to think about suicide and subsequently progress from ideation to attempts.