The white gene and locomotor recovery from anoxia in Drosophila melanogaster

Locomotor recovery from anoxia is complicated and little is known about the molecular and cellular mechanisms regulating anoxic recovery in Drosophila. For this thesis I established a protocol for large-scale analysis of locomotor activity in adult flies with exposure to a transient anoxia. Using this protocol I observed that wild-type Canton-S flies recovered faster and more consistently from anoxia than the white-eyed mutant w1118, which carries a null allele of w1118 in an isogenic genetic background. Both Canton-S and w1118 are commonly used controls in the Drosophila community. Genetic analysis including serial backcrossing, RNAi knockdown, w+ duplication to Y chromosome as well as gene mutation revealed a strong association between the white gene and the timing of locomotor recovery. I also found that the locomotor recovery phenotype is independent of white-associated eye pigmentation, that heterozygous w+ allele was haplo-insufficient to induce fast and consistent locomotor recovery from anoxia in female flies, and that mini-white is insufficient to promote fast and consistent locomotor recovery. Moreover, locomotor recovery was delayed in flies with RNAi knockdown of white in subsets of serotonin neurons in the central nervous system. I further demonstrated that mutations of phosphodiesterase genes (PDE) displayed wild-type-like fast and consistent locomotor recovery, and that locomotor recovery was light-sensitive in the night in w1118. The delayed locomotor recovery and the light sensitivity were eliminated in PDE mutants that were dual-specific or cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-specific. Up-regulation of cGMP using multiple approaches including PDE mutation, sildenafil feeding or specific expression of an atypical soluble guanylyl cyclase (Gyc88E) was sufficient to suppress w-RNAi induced delay of locomotor recovery. Taken together, these data strongly support the hypothesis that White transports cGMP and promotes fast and consistent locomotor recovery from anoxia.

Methods for reducing large speed differences in traffic streams. Volume I - inventory of methods. Task A report.

Federal Highway Administration, Office of Safety and Traffic Operations Research and Development, Washington, D.C.

Versos.

Mode of access: Internet.

El sargento primero

Mode of access: Internet.

Children's Mission cook book.

Some recipes include wine or liquor as an ingredient; includes recipes for French, Italian, Spanish, Swedish, and Mexican dishes. Sample recipes: Roman Catholic pie, Canned peach souffle, Ring tum diddy, Kentucky punch.

L'Exemplarisme divin selon Saint Bonaventure,

Issued also, in part, as thesis (Fribourg) under title: Des idées exemplaires en Dieu d'aprés Saint Bonaventure.

History of Fulton County, Illinois : together with sketches of its cities, villages and townships, educational, civil, military, and political history ...

The reproduction ... made possible through the sponsorship of the Fulton County Historical and Genealogical Society, Canton, Illinois.

The Activism of Thomas Carlyle /

"Thesis presented to the Faculty of Arts, Fribourg University, Switzerland, to obtain the degree of doctor in philosophy."

Thesaurus verborum quae in titulis ionicis leguntur cum Herodoteo sermone comparatus;

"Conspectus librorum": p. 13-17.

County bulletin

Mode of access: Internet.

Collectanea friburgensia.

Vol. 10-37 called also n.s. [fasc.], 1-28.

Compte rendu du quatrième Congrès scientifique international des catholiques,

Mode of access: Internet.

Die paragenesis der Mineralien : Mineralogisch, Geognostisch und chemisch beleuchtet, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf Bergbau /

Mode of access: Internet.

Histoire générale des voyages, ou, Nouvelle collection de toutes les relations de voyages par mer et par terre, qui ont été publiées jusqu'à présent dans les différentes langues de toutes les nations connues : ce qui'il y a de plus remarquable, de plus utile et de mieux averé dans les pays ou les voyageurs ont penetré, avec les moeurs des habitans, la religion, les usages, arts, sciences, commerce, manufactures, &c, pour former un systême complet d'histoire & de géographie moderne, qui représente l'état actuel de toutes les nations : enrichi de cartes géographiques et de figures; Tome dix-huitiéme.

Contiene: Premiere partie, Suite du Livre XIV et de la description des pays qui bordent la cote orientale d'Afrique, depuis le cap de Bonne-Esperance jusqu'au cap de Guardasu. - Premiere partie, Voyages dans l'Asie, Livre I, Voyages dans l'Empire de la Chine. - [Se incluyen los relatos de Kolben en 1713, Hamilton 1720, Faria 1569, Nieuhof 1655-57].