Does All Fit One Size? An evaluation of the ECB policy response to changing economic conditions in the Euro area member states. ACES Cases No. 2008.1

This paper empirically investigates the extent to which the European Central Bank has responded to evolving economic conditions in its member states as opposed to the euro area as a whole. Based on a forward-looking Taylor rule-type policy reaction function, we conduct counterfactual exercises that compare the monetary policy behavior of the ECB with two alternative hypothetical scenarios: (1) were the euro member states to make individual policy decisions, and (2) were the ECB to respond to the economic conditions of individual members. The results reflect the extent of heterogeneity among the national economies in the monetary union and indicate that the ECB's monetary policy rates have been particularly close to the "counterfactual" interest rates of its largest euro members, as well as of countries with similar economic conditions, which includes Germany, Austria, Belgium and France.

Continuous Off-the-Job Training in East Germany After Unification: Preliminary Results of an Evaluation of the Effects for Individual Workers, CES Germany & Europe Working Papers, No. 05.9, 19 July, 1995

Retraining the labor force to match the demands of a modem economy is seen as an important task during the transition process from a centrally-planned to a market economy. This need was particularly pressing in East Germany, because the transition process has proceeded much faster than in the rest of Eastern Europe. Therefore, substantial resources have been devoted to this purpose. This paper analyzes the impact of continuous off-the-job training in East Germany from the point of view of individuals who were part of the labor force before German unification in 1990. It tries to answer questions about the average gains from participating in a specific type of training. Typical outcomes considered to measure those gains are income, employment status, job security, and expected future changes in job position. The methodology used for the evaluation is the potential outcome approach to causality. This approach has received considerable attention in the statistical literature over the last fifteen years and it has recently been rediscovered by the econometric literature as well. It is adapted to allow for important permanent and transitory shocks, such as unemployment, which influence the decision to participate in the training as well as future labor market outcomes. The empirical part is based on the first four waves of the Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP)-East (1990-1993). This panel data set has the advantage that the fourth wave contains a special survey on continuous training and that it allows keeping track of individual behavior on a monthly, respectively yearly, basis. The econometric analysis focuses on off-the-job training courses that began after unification and were completed not later than in early 1993. Although it is obviously too early to evaluate the long-term implications, the results suggest that there are no positive effects in the short run.

The Importance of Foreign Language Skills in the Labour Markets of Central and Eastern Europe: An assessment based on data from online job portals. CEPS Special Report No. 129/January 2016

In a globalised world, knowledge of foreign languages is an important skill. Especially in Europe, with its 24 official languages and its countless regional and minority languages, foreign language skills are a key asset in the labour market. Earlier research shows that over half of the EU27 population is able to speak at least one foreign language, but there is substantial national variation. This study is devoted to a group of countries known as the Visegrad Four, which comprises the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. Although the supply of foreign language skills in these countries appears to be well-documented, less is known about the demand side. In this study, we therefore examine the demand for foreign language skills on the Visegrad labour markets, using information extracted from online job portals. We find that English is the most requested foreign language in the region, and the demand for English language skills appears to go up as occupations become increasingly complex. Despite the cultural, historical and economic ties with their German-speaking neighbours, German is the second-most-in-demand foreign language in the region. Interestingly, in this case there is no clear link with the complexity of an occupation. Other languages, such as French, Spanish and Russian, are hardly requested. These findings have important policy implications with regards to the education and training offered in schools, universities and job centres.

An evaluation of driver behavior at signalized intersections. Final report.

Arizona Department of Transportation, Phoenix

An evaluation of the 1979 Texas law (V.C.S., Sec. 73.A.) which requires frontage road traffic to yield at freeway ramps. Interim report.

Texas State Department of Highways and Public Transportation, Transportation Planning Division, Austin

An evaluation of head restraints - Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 202.

Mode of access: Internet.

An evaluation of vacuum equipment for collection of asbestos waste /

"Contract no. 210-77-0053."

An evaluation of the operation of subarea advisory councils /

Mode of access: Internet.

An evaluation of expedient methodology for identification of potentially expansive soils /

Prepared by Soils and Pavements Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss., under contract no. PO 4-1-0195.

An evaluation of existing motor vehicle diagnostic inspection concepts. Volume I: executive summary. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

An evaluation of existing motor vehicle diagnostic inspection concepts. Volume II: characteristics of motor diagnostic inspection facilities. Final Task 1 report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

An evaluation of existing motor vehicle diagnostic inspection concepts. Volume III: characteristics of periodic vehicle inspection programs. (Results of Task 2). Final Task 2 report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

An evaluation of existing motor vehicle diagnostic inspection concepts. Volume IV: methodology for developing the diagnostic inspection concepts. (Results of Task 3). Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

An evaluation of existing motor vehicle diagnostic inspection concepts. Volume V: motor vehicle diagnostic inspection planning manual. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

An evaluation of movable-bed tidal inlet models /

"February 1979."