Análisis de modelos de perfil del fuste y estudio de la cilindricidad para tres clones de chopo (Populus x euramericana) en Navarra

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo principal analizar tres funciones de perfil del fuste sobre tres clones de Populus x euramericana (Canadá Blanco, I-214 y MC) en la Comunidad Foral de Navarra para elaborar una tarifa de cubicación con clasificación de volumen. Para minimizar el efecto de la autocorrelación entre los residuos se emplea una estructura de error continua autorregresiva de orden 2 o de orden 3 en función del clon analizado. Por otra parte, se compara el coeficiente local de forma de cada uno de los clones estudiados mediante dos metodologías: el análisis de la varianza de la estimación individual de dicho coeficiente y el contraste del estadístico de máxima verosimilitud entre ajustes, resultando ser el clon Canadá el más cónico de los tres. Los datos utilizados provienen de 143 chopos de plantaciones coetáneas y con mismo marco de plantación (marco real de 4,5 × 4,5 m).

Hémorragie par le canal de Wirsung: forme rare d'hémorragie digestive haute. A propos d'une observation [Hemorrhage through Wirsung's duct: rare form of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. A case report].

The case of a 41-year-old alcoholic patient who presented with massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding is reported. The diagnosis was established rapidly by endoscopy which revealed bleeding through the papilla of Vater. Selective angiography of the superior mesenteric artery opacified the pancreatic duct as well as the duodenum. CT scan showed signs of chronic pancreatitis. Because of the recurrence of bleeding and shock, an urgent operation was necessary and a Whipple procedure was performed. Recovery was complete. The clinical presentation, the etiology, the diagnostic modalities and the treatment of this particular condition are discussed. Usually, hemorrhage through the pancreatic duct presents as repeated episodes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding with no source found at endoscopy. The presence of chronic pancreatitis or of epigastric pain during bleeding should suggest the diagnosis. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and angiography are the principal diagnostic tools. Definitive treatment requires surgery, and resection in most of the cases.

Error en el posicionamiento indoor en dispositivos móviles

Location information is becoming increasingly necessary as every new smartphone incorporates a GPS (Global Positioning System) which allows the development of various applications based on it. However, it is not possible to properly receive the GPS signal in indoor environments. For this reason, new indoor positioning systems are being developed. As indoors is a very challenging scenario, it is necessary to study the precision of the obtained location information in order to determine if these new positioning techniques are suitable for indoor positioning.

An 8-Item Short Form of the Inventory of Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA) Among Young Swiss Men.

Emerging adulthood is a period of life transition, in which youths are no longer adolescents but have not yet reached full adulthood. Measuring emerging adulthood is crucial because of its association with psychopathology and risky behaviors such as substance use. Unfortunately, the only validated scale for such measurement has a long format (Inventory of Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood [IDEA]-31 items). This study aimed to test whether a shorter form yields satisfactory results without substantial loss of information among a sample of young Swiss men. Data from the longitudinal Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors were used (N = 5,049). IDEA, adulthood markers (e.g., parenthood or financial independence), and risk factors (i.e., substance use and mental health issues) were assessed. The results showed that an 8-item, short-form scale (IDEA-8) with four factors (experimentation, negativity, identity exploration, and feeling in between) returned satisfactory results, including good psychometric properties, high convergence with the initial scale, and strong empirical validity. This study was a step toward downsizing a measure of emerging adulthood. Indeed, this 8-item short form is a good alternative to the 31-item long form and could be more convenient for surveys with constraints on questionnaire length. Moreover, it should help health care practitioners in identifying at-risk populations to prevent and treat risky behaviors.

Functional error modeling for uncertainty quantification in hydrogeology

Approximate models (proxies) can be employed to reduce the computational costs of estimating uncertainty. The price to pay is that the approximations introduced by the proxy model can lead to a biased estimation. To avoid this problem and ensure a reliable uncertainty quantification, we propose to combine functional data analysis and machine learning to build error models that allow us to obtain an accurate prediction of the exact response without solving the exact model for all realizations. We build the relationship between proxy and exact model on a learning set of geostatistical realizations for which both exact and approximate solvers are run. Functional principal components analysis (FPCA) is used to investigate the variability in the two sets of curves and reduce the dimensionality of the problem while maximizing the retained information. Once obtained, the error model can be used to predict the exact response of any realization on the basis of the sole proxy response. This methodology is purpose-oriented as the error model is constructed directly for the quantity of interest, rather than for the state of the system. Also, the dimensionality reduction performed by FPCA allows a diagnostic of the quality of the error model to assess the informativeness of the learning set and the fidelity of the proxy to the exact model. The possibility of obtaining a prediction of the exact response for any newly generated realization suggests that the methodology can be effectively used beyond the context of uncertainty quantification, in particular for Bayesian inference and optimization.

Psychometric properties and dimensional structure of the Spanish version of the Coping Responses Inventory - Adult Form

One of the goals of psychological assessment focuses on the adaptation of its instruments to different populations. The objective of this study is to establish the psychometric properties and dimensional structure of the Spanish version of the Coping Responses Inventory- Adult Form (CRI-Adult, Moos, 1993). The following criteria were analyzed: a) descriptive statistics; b) internal consistency reliability (Cronbach"s alpha, and intercorrelations between scales); c) test-retest reliability (4-week interval); d) dimensionality of CRI-Adult (exploratory factor analysis); e) construct validity (confirmatory factor analysis); f) convergent criterion validity (correlations between CRI-Adult and Coping Strategies Indicator, CSI, Amirkhan, 1990), and g) predictive criterion validity (correlations between CRI-Adult, and SCL-90-R, Derogatis, 1983). The results, obtained with 800 adults from Barcelona and surrounding area (334 men and 466 women, aged between 18 to 76 years) indicate that the Spanish version of CRIAdult has satisfactory psychometric properties that allow using this test with guarantee.

Plant sex chromosomes: lost genes with little compensation.

In many animals, gene loss on Y chromosomes is compensated through altered expression of their X-chromosome homologue. Now, however, a new study in plants finds that even genes deleted from the Y show no dosage compensation.

Kohinan poisto spektrikuvista pehmeillä morfologisilla suodattimilla

Tämän diplomityön tavoitteena oli tutkia kohinan poistoa spektrikuvista käyttäen pehmeitä morfologisia suodattimia. Työssä painotettiin impulssimaisen kohinan suodattamista. Suodattimien toimintaa arvioitiin numeerisesti keskimääräisen itseisarvovirheen, neliövirheen sekä signaali-kohinasuhteen avulla ja visuaalisesti tarkastelemalla suodatettuja kuvia sekä niiden yksittäisiä spektritasoja. Käytettyjä suodatusmenetelmiä olivat suodatus kuvapisteittäin spektrin suunnassa, suodatus koko spektrissä sekä kuutiomenetelmä ja komponenteittainen suodatus. Suodatettavat kuvat sisälsivät joko suola ja pippuri- tai bittivirhekohinaa. Parhaimmat suodatustulokset sekä numeeristen virhekriteerien että visuaalisen tarkastelun perusteella saatiin komponenteittaisella sekä kuvapisteittäisellä menetelmällä. Työssä käytetyt menetelmät on esitetty algoritmimuodossa. Suodatinalgoritmien toteutukset ja suodatuskokeet tehtiin Matlab-ohjelmistolla.

Evolution of dosage compensation under sexual selection differs between X and Z chromosomes.

Complete sex chromosome dosage compensation has more often been observed in XY than ZW species. In this study, using a population genetic model and the chicken transcriptome, we assess whether sexual conflict can account for this difference. Sexual conflict over expression is inevitable when mutation effects are correlated across the sexes, as compensatory mutations in the heterogametic sex lead to hyperexpression in the homogametic sex. Coupled with stronger selection and greater reproductive variance in males, this results in slower and less complete evolution of Z compared with X dosage compensation. Using expression variance as a measure of selection strength, we find that, as predicted by the model, dosage compensation in the chicken is most pronounced in genes that are under strong selection biased towards females. Our study explains the pattern of weak dosage compensation in ZW systems, and suggests that sexual selection plays a major role in shaping sex chromosome dosage compensation.

Evaluation of Software Development Practices through Error Analysis

This thesis studies evaluation of software development practices through an error analysis. The work presents software development process, software testing, software errors, error classification and software process improvement methods. The practical part of the work presents results from the error analysis of one software process. It also gives improvement ideas for the project. It was noticed that the classification of the error data was inadequate in the project. Because of this it was impossible to use the error data effectively. With the error analysis we were able to show that there were deficiencies in design and analyzing phases, implementation phase and in testing phase. The work gives ideas for improving error classification and for software development practices.

Lower incisor dentoalveolar compensation and symphysis dimensions among Class I and III malocclusion patients with different facial vertical skeletal patterns

Objective: To compare lower incisor dentoalveolar compensation and mandible symphysis morphology among Class I and Class III malocclusion patients with different facial vertical skeletal patterns. Materials and Methods: Lower incisor extrusion and inclination, as well as buccal (LA) and lingual (LP) cortex depth, and mandibular symphysis height (LH) were measured in 107 lateral cephalometric x-rays of adult patients without prior orthodontic treatment. In addition, malocclusion type (Class I or III) and facial vertical skeletal pattern were considered. Through a principal component analysis (PCA) related variables were reduced. Simple regression equation and multivariate analyses of variance were also used. Results: Incisor mandibular plane angle (P < .001) and extrusion (P  =  .03) values showed significant differences between the sagittal malocclusion groups. Variations in the mandibular plane have a negative correlation with LA (Class I P  =  .03 and Class III P  =  .01) and a positive correlation with LH (Class I P  =  .01 and Class III P  =  .02) in both groups. Within the Class III group, there was a negative correlation between the mandibular plane and LP (P  =  .02). PCA showed that the tendency toward a long face causes the symphysis to elongate and narrow. In Class III, alveolar narrowing is also found in normal faces. Conclusions: Vertical facial pattern is a significant factor in mandibular symphysis alveolar morphology and lower incisor positioning, both for Class I and Class III patients. Short-faced Class III patients have a widened alveolar bone. However, for long-faced and normal-faced Class III, natural compensation elongates the symphysis and influences lower incisor position.

Error de inclinación paleomagnética en materiales aluviales del Oligoceno superior del sector Suroriental de la Cuenca del Ebro (Region Surpirenaica, NE de España).

En el sector suroriental de la Cuenca del Ebro, la inclinación paleomagnética obtenida en las sucesiones aluviales oligocenas es considerablemente menor que la esperable, si se considera la paleolatitud de referencia calculada para esa región durante el Oligoceno. Este error de inclinación puede deberse a diversos factores, como el control hidrodinámica de las partículas magnéticas en el medio deposicional, la compactación diferencial del sedimento durante el enterramiento, o bien a la deformación tectónica. Este trabajo se ha centrado en su estudio en dos sucesiones dominantemente aluviales, donde previamente se había establecido su magnetoestratigrafia. Las litofacies aluviales y lacustres estudiadas se han agrupado en cinco grupos: areniscas grises, areniscas rojas y versicolores, limos rojos, lutitas rojas y calizas. Se ha demostrado la existencia de una correlación entre la abundancia de filosilicatos y el error de inclinación. De esta manera, las litofacies con un bajo porcentaje de filosilicatos (calizas y areniscas grises) presentan errores de unos 5', estadisticarnente no significativos, con respecto a la inclinación de referencia. Por el contrario, en materiales con un porcentaje más elevado de filosilicatos (limos y arcillas) el error puede llegar a los 25'. Este hecho no tiene repercusión en la interpretación de las polaridades magnéticas, pero si en las reconstmcciones palinspásticas y paleogeográficas basadas en los cálculos de paleolatitudes a partir de las paleoinclinaciones. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran la necesidad de cautela en la propuesta de conclusiones basadas exclusivamente en este tipo de información.

La compensation écologique : marché ou marchandage ?

Les "banques de conservation" sont fréquemment présentées comme de nouveaux instruments de marché au service de la conservation de la biodiversité. Il s'agit d'une modalité de mise en oeuvre de la compensation écologique d'abord développée aux Etats-Unis au début des années 2000 avant d'être plus globalement diffusée. Ce dispositif est perçu par ses promoteurs comme un marché en devenir, tandis que ses détracteurs y voient le dernier avatar du projet de marchandisation de la nature au coeur des politiques environnementales depuis deux décennies. Au-delà des discours, les arrangements institutionnels en jeu dans les banques de conservation sont mal connus. Cet article se propose de revenir sur leur statut économique en analysant le dispositif tel que décrit dans la réglementation fédérale qui lui est consacrée aux Etats-Unis et en évaluant sa mise en place à l'aune de critères et attributs constitutifs d'un marché, qui auront été préalablement définis.