Beachfront elevation, Cleveland Point House, Cleveland

New bath house (centre), with existing buildings to either side.

Beachfront elevation, Cleveland Point House, Cleveland

Timber framing to new bath house (centre), with existing buildings to either side.

Bath house, Cleveland Point House, Cleveland

Timber framing to new bath house, as seen from beachfront.

Beachfront elevation, Cleveland Point House, Cleveland

Timber framing to new bath house (centre), with existing buildings to either side.

Bath house, Cleveland Point House, Cleveland

Timber framing to new bath house, as seen looking towards water from deck area (to be constructed).

Beachfront elevation, Cleveland Point House, Cleveland

Timber framing to new bath house (centre), with existing buildings to either side.

Bath house, Cleveland Point House, Cleveland

As seen looking towards water from deck area.

Beachfront elevation, Cleveland Point House, Cleveland

New bath house (centre), with existing buildings to either side during sunset.

Beachfront elevation, Cleveland Point House, Cleveland

New bath house (centre), with existing buildings to either side.

Beachfront elevation, Cleveland Point House, Cleveland

Existing boat house undergoing renovations.

Boat house, Cleveland Point House, Cleveland

Existing boat house undergoing renovation. Existing cottage on left. Bath house to be constructed.

Bath house, Cleveland Point House, Cleveland

New bath house (centre), with existing buildings to either side.

Ground floor plan, Cleveland Point House, Cleveland

Hand-drawn floor plan.

Ultramicroporous membranes for hydrogen separation

Fuel cell systems offer excellent efficiencies when compared to internal combustion engines, which result in reduced fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. One of the areas requiring research for the success of fuel cell technology is the H2 fuel purification to reduce CO, which is a poison to fuel cells. Molecular sieve silica (MSS) membranes have a potential application in this area. In this work showed activated transport, a characteristic of ultramicroporous (dp

Titanium phosphate for Fuel Cell Proton Conduction Membranes

Environmental issues due to increases in emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gases are driving the development of clean energy delivery technologies such as fuel cells. Low temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) use hydrogen as a fuel and their only emission is water. While significant advances have been made in recent years, a major limitation of the current technology is the cost and materials limitations of the proton conduction membrane. The proton exchange membrane performs three critical functions in the PEMFC membrane electrode assembly (MEA): (i) conduction of protons with minimal resistance from the anode (where they are generated from hydrogen) to the cathode (where they combine with oxygen and electrons, from the external circuit or load), (ii) providing electrical insulation between the anode and cathode to prevent shorting, and (iii) providing a gas impermeable barrier to prevent mixing of the fuel (hydrogen) and oxidant. The PFSA (perfluorosulphonic acid) family of membranes is currently the best developed proton conduction membrane commercially available, but these materials are limited to operation below 100oC (typically 80oC, or lower) due to the thermochemical limitations of this polymer. For both mobile and stationary applications, fuel cell companies require more durable, cost effective membrane technologies capable of delivering enhanced performance at higher temperatures (typically 120oC, or higher. This is driving research into a wide range of novel organic and inorganic materials with the potential to be good proton conductors and form coherent membranes. There are several research efforts recently reported in the literature employing inorganic nanomaterials. These include functionalised silica phosphates [1,2], fullerene [3] titania phosphates [4], zirconium pyrophosphate [5]. This work addresses the functionalisation of titania particles with phosphoric acid. Proton conductivity measurements are given together with structural properties.