Determinação de parâmetros de transferência de massa do processo de extração supercrítica

A extração com fluido supercrítico de materiais líquidos e sólidos despertou o interesse para aplicações industriais nas últimas décadas, mais particularmente sob o conceito de química verde e biorrefinarias, portanto é fundamental que se faça uma modelagem desse processo a fim de otimizar as condições operacionais e simular o processo. O objetivo geral deste trabalho consiste na determinação de parâmetros de transferência de massa do processo de extração supercrítica de matriz sólida, empregando o dióxido de carbono como solvente, a partir de dados cinéticos de extração e na avaliação sistemática de cinco modelos matemáticos para descrever as cinéticas de extração dos óleos da polpa e da casca do buriti, do óleo de açaí de da oleoresina de cúrcuma, medidas no Laboratório de Extração Supercrítica, da Faculdade de Engenharia Química (UFPA), a fim de contribuir para o estudo de ampliação de escala e análise de custo de produção. Foram avaliados os modelos de Tan e Liou, Goto et al. (1993), Martinez et al. (2003), Esquível et al. (1999), e Sovová (1994). A modelagem das cinéticas de extração foi realizada utilizando aplicativos computacionais desenvolvidos e validados neste trabalho a partir de diferentes dados experimentais publicados na literatura. Diante de 40 cinéticas medidas com diferentes equipamentos de extração, configurações de leito, tipos de matérias primas, preparo dos materiais, pressão e temperatura e outros parâmetros de processo (com destaque ao rendimento global e a vazão de solvente), foi construído um panorama dos resultados acerca da capacidade dos modelos de transferência de massa em descrever as mais diferentes curvas globais de extração. De forma geral, os modelos de Goto et al. (1993) e Sovová (1994) apresentaram as melhores previsões aos dados experimentais das matérias primas tratadas neste trabalho com menores valores de quadrado, erros relativo, faixa de erro e desvios padrão e valores de R² próximos da unidade.

Avaliação e intervenção de bebês em instituição de acolhimento infantil

O presente estudo aborda a avaliação e intervenção com bebês em uma instituição de acolhimento infantil na cidade de Belém-Pa, através da aplicação da Escala de Desenvolvimento do Comportamento da Criança – EDCC e de um programa de atividades elaborado pela pesquisadora para a estimulação precoce/essencial das habilidades motoras, cognitivas, linguagem e afetivas. Dados referentes à história pregressa de todas as crianças envolvidas no estudo também foram considerados e obtidos por meio de relatos informais da equipe da instituição de acolhimento e através de documentos (prontuários) junto à direção. Participaram do estudo quatro bebês, com idade entre seis a onze meses, que não apresentavam disfunções neurológicas e com o maior tempo de permanência na instituição. A abordagem metodológica utilizada foi qualitativa, com característica descritiva e interventiva de pesquisa. A avaliação com a utilização da EDCC no período pré-intervenção demonstrou que todos os bebês participantes da pesquisa obtiveram a pontuação “4” referente a classificação “bom” da escala, sendo que inicialmente apresentaram dificuldades na realização de comportamentos que envolvem a linguagem e a interação social. Na reavaliação, a maioria dos bebês participantes manteve a pontuação “4” com apenas um evoluindo para “5” (excelente), visto que obtiveram melhora significativa nos comportamentos que exigiam a interação com outra pessoa. Assim como através do programa de estimulação, as crianças evoluíram na aquisição das habilidades motoras e afetivo-sociais. Os bebês passaram a demonstrar comportamentos como olhar nos olhos, sorrisos, reconhecimento do rosto do adulto, vocalizações, entre outros. Isto evidenciou que o contexto de acolhimento pode ser um fator de proteção para a infância que encontra-se em situação de vulnerabilidade. Por fim, propõe-se que estudos futuros possam reconhecer a importância da avaliação do desenvolvimento infantil em contextos institucionais e de propostas de estimulação que possam ser incorporadas no cotidiano desses ambientes.

Neoliberalismo e corrupção: análise comparativa dos ajustes neoliberais no Brasil de Fernando Collor (1990-1992) e no México de Carlos Salinas (1988-1992) o incremento da corrupção e seus custos sociais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Proposição de escala clínica para avaliação da dor em equinos

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FMVZ

Avaliação de clones de seringueira quanto à resistência ao oídio

Five commercial rubber tree clones in a clonal nursery were assessed for resistance to powdery mildew, as well as for the disease fluctuation and its correlation with the climate conditions in the study period. For this assessment, a diagrammatic scale was developed from 150 central leaflets randomly collected at different ages and attack levels. Validation of scale was done by five assessors. Results indicated that all clones showed susceptibility to the pathogen, and the attack was higher for younger leaflets. According to the climate data, mild temperatures and relative humidity below 60% favored the epidemic.

Barreiras à entrada no Setor Siderúrgico Brasileiro no período de 1993 a 2012

This study aims to identify and analyze the barriers to entry in the two technological routes (integrated and semi - integrated mills) , the Brazilian steel industry , specifically in the areas of Plans and Long , in the period 1993-2012 . Thus, the study is characterized as an exploratory - descriptive research, based on data collection from secondary sources. The competitiveness is influenced by structural market factor, among them the threat of new market entrants. The entrants can have their ticket inhibited by entry barriers. In the steel industry, it was identified that the main strong structural barriers are economic, the type of scale economy, highlighting the idle capacity, and sunk costs. Institutional and economic barriers, the diversification and product differentiation type, are considered moderate barriers. Economic barriers, the type absolute cost advantage and initial capital requirements, and strategic price barrier are considered weak. With this, one can consider that the input type which most closely approximates the market for national steel industries is blocked, since their main barriers are the structural type

Sistema de gestão da qualidade numa organização pública de P&D: fatores que influenciam a certificação

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Burnout en estudiantes de odontología: evaluación através MBI versión estudiantes

The Dentistry is considerably stressful profession in all career phases. The aim of this study was verify the presence and level of Burnout syndrome in students, to compare it in the beginning and in the end of graduation course and verify the correlation among subscales and group of social and demographic variables. Was performed study an exploratory, descriptive and cross-sectional that with the sample by 174 students coursing different periods. It was used two instrument one with social and demographic questions and MBI-SS. Among 174 students participants of study, 112 (64.37%) were girls and 62 (35.63%) were boys. There was no significant difference between dimensions of Burnout and the gender (p<0.05), professional efficacy (p<0.01) and the period whose the students were coursing. The undergraduates that are in preclinical period showed average ehigher in the two first item of scale average lower in the third item in relation to those that exercise clinically the dentistry. The level of emotional exhausting had significance. There was correlation among three levels of Burnout and the preclinical period is a fact that should be observed.

A influência da orientação motivacional durante o treinamento de atletas iniciantes no tênis de campo

The motivation in the sport has been one of the most studied subjects nowadays, as much that some authors say that the motivation is the base for the success of an athlete, that is, the psychological part must also well be stimulated so that if it reaches the maximum level of concentration during a game it will obtains the expected result. Tennis is one of the sports that more grew in recent years, and together with this fast ascension also increased the number of interested in researching in this area of the Psychology of the Sport. The present study has as objective to begin the adaptation and validation of the interest scale and to analyze the influence of the motivational orientation of the athletes in the sportive performance of the Tennis through the application of scale Teosq – Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (DUDA, 1992), translated, adapted and validated by Hirota and De Marco (2006), where we can identify if the individual is guided for a task or an ego’s goal. This research was carried through in a situated academy of Tennis in the City of Cotia – SP – Brazil, counting on the participation of 20 citizens with age between 09 and 18 years of both the practicing sexes of Tennis. The calculation of the Alpha Coefficient of Cronbach was adopted as statistical method, in order to identify the trust worthy and validity of the instrument beyond the average of each orientation, to be able to verify the athlete’s motivational orientation. For the analysis of the results, the Alpha Coefficient was observed high, compared with previous studies, reaching values of orientation for the ego of 0,90, and 0,70 of orientation for task. They had been registered the following averages, 4,20 (+0,93) and 2,42 (+0,85), respectively of orientation for task and ego. With those results we can point that, the scale applied with the proposal to identify the motivational orientation of the athletes of Tennis, revealed efficiency, and trust worthy in its application, and in accordance with the results, the athletes are guided for task, revealing self-determination, selfconfident, more creative and they judge its success for the quality of the carried through work.

Adaptation and Constraint in the Plant Reproductive Phase

Conservatism is a central theme of organismic evolution. Related species share characteristics due to their common ancestry. Some concern have been raised among evolutionary biologists, whether such conservatism is an expression of natural selection or of a constrained ability to adapt. This thesis explores adaptations and constraints within the plant reproductive phase, particularly in relation to the evolution of fleshy fruit types (berries, drupes, etc.) and the seasonal timing of flowering and fruiting. The different studies were arranged along a hierarchy of scale, with general data sets sampled among seed plants at the global scale, through more specific analyses of character evolution within the genus Rhamnus s.l. L. (Rhamnaceae), to descriptive and experimental field studies in a local population of Frangula alnus (Rhamnaceae). Apart from the field study, this thesis is mainly based on comparative methods explicitly incorporating phylogenetic relationships. The comparative study of Rhamnus s.l. species included the reconstruction of phylogenetic hypotheses based on DNA sequences. Among geographically overlapping sister clades, biotic pollination was not correlated with higher species richness when compared to wind pollinated plants. Among woody plants, clades characterized by fleshy fruit types were more species rich than their dry-fruited sister clades, suggesting that the fleshy fruit is a key innovation in woody habitats. Moreover, evolution of fleshy fruits was correlated with a change to more closed (darker) habitats. An independent contrast study within Rhamnus s.l. documented allometric relations between plant and fruit size. As a phylogenetic constraint, allometric effects must be considered weak or non-existent, though, as they did not prevail among different subclades within Rhamnus s.l. Fruit size was correlated with seed size and seed number in F. alnus. This thesis suggests that frugivore selection on fleshy fruit may be important by constraining the upper limits of fruit size, when a plant lineage is colonizing (darker) habitats where larger seed size is adaptive. Phenological correlations with fruit set, dispersal, and seed size in F. alnus, suggested that the evolution of reproductive phenology is constrained by trade-offs and partial interdependences between flowering, fruiting, dispersal, and recruitment phases. Phylogenetic constraints on the evolution of phenology were indicated by a lack of correlation between flowering time and seasonal length within Rhamnus cathartica and F. alnus, respectively. On the other hand, flowering time was correlated with seasonal length among Rhamnus s.l. species. Phenological differences between biotically and wind pollinated angiosperms also suggested adaptive change in reproductive phenology.

Il concetto di sezione nel metodo compositivo di Aldo Rossi.

Purpose of this research is to deepen the study on the section in architecture. The survey aims as important elements in the project Teatro Domestico by Aldo Rossi built for the XVII Triennale di Milano in 1986 and, through the implementation on several topics of architecture, verify the timeliness and fertility in the new compositional exercises. Through the study of certain areas of the Rossi’s theory we tried to find a common thread for the reading of the theater project. The theater is the place of the ephemeral and the artificial, which is why his destiny is the end and the fatal loss. The design and construction of theater setting has always had a double meaning between the value of civil architecture and testing of new technologies available. Rossi's experience in this area are clear examples of the inseparable relationship between the representation of architecture as art and design of architecture as a model of reality. In the Teatro Domestico, the distinction between representation and the real world is constantly canceled and returned through the reversal of the meaning and through the skip of scale. At present, studies conducted on the work of Rossi concern the report that the architectural composition is the theory of form, focusing compositional development of a manufacturing process between the typological analysis and form invention. The research, through the analysis of some projects few designs, will try to analyze this issue through the rules of composition both graphical and concrete construction, hoping to decipher the mechanism underlying the invention. The almost total lack of published material on the project Teatro Domestico and the opportunity to visit the archives that preserve the drawings, has allowed the author of this study to deepen the internal issues in the project, thus placing this search as a first step toward possible further analysis on the works of Rossi linked to performance world. The final aim is therefore to produce material that can best describe the work of Rossi. Through the reading of the material published by the same author and the vision of unpublished material preserved in the archives, it was possible to develop new material and increasing knowledge about the work, otherwise difficult to analyze. The research is divided into two groups. The first, taking into account the close relationship most frequently mentioned by Rossi himself between archeology and architectural composition, stresses the importance of tipo such as urban composition reading system as well as open tool of invention. Resuming Ezio Bonfanti’s essay on the work of the architect we wanted to investigate how the paratactic method is applied to the early work conceived and, subsequently as the process reaches a complexity accentuated, while keeping stable the basic terms. Following a brief introduction related to the concept of the section and the different interpretations that over time the term had, we tried to identify with this facility a methodology for reading Rossi’s projects. The result is a constant typological interpretation of the term, not only related to the composition in plant but also through the elevation plans. The section is therefore intended as the overturning of such elevation is marked on the same plane of the terms used, there is a different approach, but a similarity of characters. The identification of architectural phonemes allows comparison with other arts. The research goes in the direction of language trying to identify the relationship between representation and construction, between the ephemeral and the real world. In this sense it will highlight the similarities between the graphic material produced by Ross and some important examples of contemporary author. The comparison between the composition system with the surrealist world of painting and literature will facilitate the understanding and identification of possible rules applied by Rossi. The second part of the research is characterized by a focus on the intent of the project chosen. Teatro Domestico embodies a number of elements that seem to conclude (assuming an end point but also to start) a curriculum author. With it, the experiments carried out on the theater started with the project for the Teatrino Scientifico (1978) through the project for the Teatro del Mondo (1979), into a Laic Tabernacle representative collective and private memory of the city. Starting from a reading of the draft, through the collection of published material, we’ve made an analysis on the explicit themes of the work, finding the conceptual references. Following the taking view of the original materials not published kept at Aldo Rossi's Archive Collection of the Canadian Center for Architecture in Montréal, will be implemented through the existing techniques for digital representation, a virtual reconstruction of the project, adding little to the material, a new element for future studies. The reconstruction is part of a larger research studies where the current technologies of composition and representation in architecture stand side by side with research on the method of composition of this architect. The results achieved are in addition to experiences in the past dealt with the reconstruction of some of the lost works of Aldo Rossi. A partial objective is to reactivate a discourse around this work is considered non-principal, among others born in the prolific activities. Reassessment of development projects which would bring the level of ephemeral works most frequented by giving them the value earned. In conclusion, the research aims to open a new field of interest on the part not only as a technical instrument of representation of an idea but as an actual mechanism through which composition is formed and the idea is developed.

Calcoli di sezioni d'urto efficaci di riflettore in sistemi PWR di terza generazione

La corretta modellizzazione della zona del riflettore dei sistemi GEN III+ è un passaggio fondamentale per un’accurata predizione dei parametri di cella il cui valore influenza direttamente la distribuzione di potenza su tutto il nocciolo. Tale esigenza si è resa ancora più stringente dopo la constatazione che il fenomeno del “tilt power” risulta essere più amplificato nei noccioli nucleari equipaggiati con un riflettore pesante. Per tali ragioni, nel presente lavoro di tesi si è dedicata particolare attenzione alle metodiche di modellizzazione ed alla generazione delle sezioni d’urto efficaci omogenee ed agli assembly discontinuity factors (ADF) nella zona di riflessione. Il codice deterministico utilizzato per il calcolo è SCALE 6.1.3. La notevole differenza nelle proprietà neutroniche associata ad un’elevata eterogeneità geometrica tra un nocciolo ed un riflettore hanno suggerito di effettuare un’analisi preliminare sul sistema riflettente GEN II proposto nel benchmark NEA-NSC-DOC (2013) per testare la capacità di SCALE 6.1.3 di effettuare un corretto calcolo di cella adottando una modellizzazione monodimensionale assembly/riflettore. I risultati ottenuti sono confrontati con quelli presentati nel benchmark e e con quelli valutati attraverso il codice Monte Carlo SERPENT 2.0 confermando la capacità di calcolo di SCALE 6.1.3. L’analisi sulla modellizzazione dei sistemi riflettenti GEN III+ è stata effettuata ricavando il valore dei parametri di cella per configurazioni omogenee ed una serie di configurazioni geometriche esatte che comprendono tutte le modellizzazioni del sistema riflettente lungo la direzione angolare del riflettore. Si è inoltre effettuata un’analisi di sensitività su parametri operativi e sui parametri di codice. Si è infine effettuato un calcolo in color-set per indagare l’influenza degli effetti 2-D sui parametri di cella. I risultati prodotti rappresentano un contributo migliorativo nella conoscenza dei parametri di cella di riflettore e potranno essere utilizzati per una più precisa valutazione del fenomeno del tilt nei sistemi GEN III+.

Managing water resources in dynamic settings: A multi-level, multi-stakeholder perspective

The aim of the present article is to contribute to the debate on the role of research in sustainable management of water and related resources, based on experiences in the Upper Ewaso Ng’iro and Pangani river basins in East Africa. Both basins are characterised by humid, resource-rich highlands and extensive semi-arid lowlands, by growing demand for water and related resources, and by numerous conflicting stakeholder interests. Issues of scale and level, on the one hand, and the normative dimension of sustainability, on the other hand, are identified as key challenges for research that seeks to produce relevant and applicable results for informed decision-making. A multi-level and multi-stakeholder perspective, defined on the basis of three minimal principles, is proposed here as an approach to research for informed decision-making. Key lessons learnt from applying these principles in the two river basins are presented and discussed in the light of current debate.

Cellular dynamic simulator: an event driven molecular simulation environment for cellular physiology.

In this paper, we present the Cellular Dynamic Simulator (CDS) for simulating diffusion and chemical reactions within crowded molecular environments. CDS is based on a novel event driven algorithm specifically designed for precise calculation of the timing of collisions, reactions and other events for each individual molecule in the environment. Generic mesh based compartments allow the creation / importation of very simple or detailed cellular structures that exist in a 3D environment. Multiple levels of compartments and static obstacles can be used to create a dense environment to mimic cellular boundaries and the intracellular space. The CDS algorithm takes into account volume exclusion and molecular crowding that may impact signaling cascades in small sub-cellular compartments such as dendritic spines. With the CDS, we can simulate simple enzyme reactions; aggregation, channel transport, as well as highly complicated chemical reaction networks of both freely diffusing and membrane bound multi-protein complexes. Components of the CDS are generally defined such that the simulator can be applied to a wide range of environments in terms of scale and level of detail. Through an initialization GUI, a simple simulation environment can be created and populated within minutes yet is powerful enough to design complex 3D cellular architecture. The initialization tool allows visual confirmation of the environment construction prior to execution by the simulator. This paper describes the CDS algorithm, design implementation, and provides an overview of the types of features available and the utility of those features are highlighted in demonstrations.