Diagnóstico nutricional de pacientes internados por tuberculose em Belém do Pará

Doenças infecciosas crônicas, como a tuberculose (Tb), são causas de distúrbios metabólicos que interferem na utilização e mobilização de nutrientes corporais, afetando o estado nutricional. A função imunológica de doentes desnutridos é alterada, o que, provavelmente, implica maior incidência de infecções. Neste estudo objetivou-se diagnosticar o estado nutricional de pacientes recém-internados por tuberculose no Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, em Belém, aplicando uma técnica de avaliação subjetiva global (ASG) e verificando sua concordância com um método objetivo, o índice de massa corporal (IMC). Foi descritivo e parte dele descritivo-analítico, transversal, tendo como população de referência pacientes de tuberculose encaminhados para hospitalização, excluindo aqueles com meningite tuberculosa. As variáveis controladas foram peso, altura, sexo, formas de Tb, alterações de peso, de gordura subcutânea, de massa muscular, da ingesta alimentar e da capacidade funcional, a presença de sintomas gastrointestinais, sinais de edema e ascite. O perfil nutricional observado foi de 77,8% de desnutridos, sendo, destes, 83,78% moderados e 16,22% graves, com um IMC médio de 18,36 ± 3,86 Kg/m². A maioria relatou perda ponderal nos últimos seis meses antes da internação, em níveis de 5% a 10% do seu peso habitual; 73,82% relataram modificação para menos na ingesta alimentar, e presença de sintomas gastrointestinais em 64,58% deles, sendo a anorexia o mais freqüente, seguida de náuseas, vômitos e diarréia. A perda da capacidade funcional foi referida em 100% (nutridos e desnutridos). Ao exame físico foi possível perceber que 79,16% apresentavam perda de gordura subcutânea e massa muscular, conjuntamente, e nenhum caso apresentou edema ou ascite. A Tb pulmonar foi a mais incidente, sendo encontrados três casos de Tb ganglionar e um de Tb óssea, associada à SIDA. O IMC, em relação à ASG, apresentou um coeficiente de Kappa igual a 0,47, validade sensível de 67% e especificidade de 100%. A ASG se mostrou uma técnica de boa aplicabilidade, demonstrando na prática dados inerentes não só ao estado nutricional, mas também ao modo de vida dos indivíduos, oferecendo subsídios relevantes para a terapêutica no nível hospitalar. O diagnóstico nutricional mostrou uma prevalência elevada de desnutridos, tanto pelo método subjetivo, como pelo objetivo e que a preocupação com o estado nutricional precoce propicia uma adequada intervenção nutricional. Os resultados recomendam a continuidade deste estudo, avaliando a situação nutricional quando da internação e acompanhando, periodicamente, cada caso, de modo a subsidiar melhor assistência por parte de toda a equipe de saúde a este grupo de doentes.

Acidificante e probióticos na alimentação de leitões recém desmamados

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Acidificantes em dietas de leitões desmamados:desempenho , peso de orgãos, ph, morfometria e microbiota intestinal

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FMVZ

Incidence of canine leptospirosis in the metropolitan area of Curitiba, State of Parana, Southern Brazil

Introduction The incidence of canine leptospirosis in Brazil needs to be assessed Methods The same dogs in southern Brazil were sampled over two years to determine the prevalence, incidence and association of canine leptospirosis with various risk factors. Results In 2009, the prevalence was 33 (14.4%) of 228 dogs, with a predominance of serovar Canicola (33.4%). In 2010, 90 dogs were re-evaluated (the remaining dogs were lost to deaths, address changes and donations), and the prevalence was found to be 35 (38.9%) of 90, with the predominant serovar being Icterohaemorrhagiae (51.4%). Moreover, the incidence was 26 of 90 (28.9%), and the disease was statistically associated with age (2009) and street access (2010). Conclusions Our findings revealed instability in the dog population and age to be relevant risk factors for canine leptospirosis.

Effects of propofol in lipid-based emulsion and in microemulsion on the incidence of endothelial lesion in rabbits

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Spatial distribution of dengue incidence and socio-environmental conditions in Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil, 2007

This study aimed to analyze the spatial distribution of dengue risk and its association with socio-environmental conditions. This was an ecological study of the counts of autochthonous dengue cases in the municipality of Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil, in the year 2007, aggregated according to 47 coverage areas of municipal health centers. Spatial models for mapping diseases were constructed with Bayesian hierarchical models, based on Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation (INLA). The analyses were stratified according to two age groups, 0 to 14 years and above 14 years. The results indicate that the spatial distribution of dengue risk is not associated with socio-environmental conditions in the 0 to 14 year age group. In the age group older than 14 years, the relative risk of dengue increases significantly as the level of socio-environmental deprivation increases. Mapping of socio-environmental deprivation and dengue cases proved to be a useful tool for data analysis in dengue surveillance systems.

Differential distribution of sperm subpopulations and incidence of pleiomorphisms in ejaculates of captive howling monkeys (Alouatta caraya)

The aim of this study was to develop an objective method to determine the incidence of pleiomorphisms and its influence on the distribution of sperm morphometric subpopulations in ejaculates of howling monkeys (Alouatta caraya) by using a combination of computerized analysis system (ASMA) and principal component analysis (PCA) methods. Ejaculates were collected by electroejaculation methods on a regular basis from five individuals maintained under identical captive environmental, nutritional, and management conditions. Each sperm head was measured for dimensional parameters (Area [A, (square micrometers)], Perimeter [P, (micrometers)], Length [L, (micrometers)], and Width [W, (micrometers)]) and shape-derived parameters (Ellipticity [(L/W)], Elongation [(L - W)/(L + W)], and Rugosity [(4 pi A/P-2)]). PCA revealed two principal components explaining more than the 96 % of the variance. Clustering methods and discriminant analyzes were performed and seven separate subpopulations were identified. There were differences (P < 0.001) in the distribution of the seven subpopulations as well as in the incidence of abnormal pleiomorphisms (58.6 %, 49.8 %, 35.1 %, 66.4 %, and 55.1 %, P < 0.05) among the five donors tested. Our results indicated that differences among individuals related to the incidence of pleiomorphisms, and sperm subpopulational structure was not related to the captivity conditions or the sperm collection method, since all individuals were studied under identical conditions. In conclusion, the combination of ASMA and PCA is a useful clinical diagnostic resource for detecting deficiencies in sperm morphology and sperm subpopulations in A. caraya ejaculates that could be used in ex situ conservation programs of threatened species in Alouatta genus or even other endangered neotropical primate species.

The Incidence of Dysphagia in Patients Receiving Cerebral Reperfusion Therapy Poststroke

Background: The high prevalence of dysphagia after stroke leads to increased mortality, and cerebral reperfusion therapy has been effective in reducing neurologic deficits. The aim of this study was to investigate the severity and evolution of dysphagia and the occurrence of pneumonia in patients submitted to cerebral reperfusion therapy. Methods: Seventy ischemic stroke patients were evaluated. Of these, 35 patients (group 1) were submitted to cerebral reperfusion therapy and 35 (group 2) did not receive thrombolytic treatment. The following were evaluated: severity of dysphagia by means of videofluoroscopy, evolution of oral intake rate by means of the Functional Oral Intake Scale, and the occurrence of pneumonia by international protocol. The relation between the severity of dysphagia and the occurrence of pneumonia with the treatment was evaluated through the chi-square test; the daily oral intake rate and its relation to the treatment were assessed by the Mann-Whitney test and considered significant if P is less than .05. Results: The moderate and severe degrees of dysphagia were more frequent (P = .013) among the patients who were not submitted to cerebral reperfusion therapy. The daily oral intake evolved independently of the treatment type, without statistical significance when compared between the groups, whereas pneumonia occurred more frequently in group 2 (28%) in relation to group 1 (11%) and was associated with the worst degrees of dysphagia (P = .045). Conclusions: We can conclude that there is improvement in the oral intake rate in both groups, with lower severity of dysphagia and occurrence of pneumonia in ischemic stroke patients submitted to cerebral reperfusion therapy. (C) 2014 by National Stroke Association

A Cohort Study of Caries Incidence and Baseline Socioeconomic, Clinical and Demographic Variables: A Kaplan-Meier Survival Analysis

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Hymenaea stigonocarpa Mart. ex Hayne: A tropical medicinal plant with intestinal anti-inflammatory activity in TNBS model of intestinal inflammation in rats

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Fibra de cana-de-açúcar na alimentação de leitões recém-desmamados

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Ecological competition and the incidence of Acinetobacter baumannii bloodstream infections in a teaching hospital in Southeastern Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

High incidence of preventable deaths during childhood in Porto Velho, Rondonia - Brazil

Background: We aimed to estimate and analyze epidemiological profile of deaths during childhood. Method: We used the databases of deaths provided by Information System of mortality between 2006 and 2010. We selected only those records where the occurrence of deaths corresponded to Porto Velho city and those who were aged between 12 and 48 months old at the moment of death. We examined only deaths from preventable causes and poorly defined. Results: The total number of deaths was estimated to be 103, 48.6% male. High frequencies of deaths occurred (39.8%) in children before reaching two years old. Vast majority of deaths (66.9%) was due to preventable causes, 18.4% by poorly defined causes and nearly one in three by external causes. Approximately one in four were due to traffic accidents, 41.9% by drowning and submersion. Also, there were significant frequencies of deaths associated with respiratory diseases (17.5%) and infectious and parasitic diseases (16.6%). Conclusion: These findings reinforce the importance of studies of infant mortality, drawing attention to the debate on policy design to reduce childhood deaths, especially in acting on preventable causes.

Polyamines in tomato plants grown during an incidence of tospovirus exposure

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Incidence of subclinical endometritis and its effects on reproductive performance of crossbred dairy cows

In dairy cattle, uterine infections are not life threatening and often unavoidable; however, they reduce fertility and increase the production costs of properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of subclinical endometritis from 32 to 70 days in milk (DIM) and its effects on the reproductive performance of crossbred dairy cows. Lactating cows (Holstein/Gir; n = 172), with no history of retained placenta, without clinical signs of uterine infection were used. The body condition score (BCS) was evaluated on a scale from 1 to 5. Ultrasound examination was performed to evaluate uterine lining and ovarian activity, while vaginal mucus was analyzed by gloved hand. The diagnosis of subclinical endometritis was performed by endometrial cytobrush technique. The samples were collected, stained, and examined microscopically; positive cases for subclinical endometritis were considered with the presence of a parts per thousand yen5 % of neutrophils. Later, the cows were submitted to conventional artificial insemination or timed artificial insemination. The incidence of subclinical endometritis in the herd was 26 %, and this was not affected by the season of calving, presence of corpus luteum, DIM, and parity. Cows with a BCS a parts per thousand currency sign2.50 had a higher incidence of subclinical endometritis. The conception rate to first insemination and pregnancy rate at 150 days postpartum were not influenced by the presence of subclinical endometritis in crossbred dairy cows.