936 resultados para Designer de Moda
Resumo:
A absorção de K pelas plantas, em geral, é maior que a quantidade inicial de K trocável, indicando que formas não-trocáveis contribuem no suprimento deste nutriente às plantas. O trabalho objetivou avaliar a depleção de formas de K por cultivos sucessivos em um solo com textura superficial arenosa, com ou sem histórico de adubação potássica. O experimento foi realizado na casa de vegetação do Departamento de Solos da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS. Amostras superficiais (0-0,10 m) de um Argissolo Vermelho distrófico arênico, sem ou com histórico de adubação potássica, foram submetidas à aplicação total de 0, 90 e 270 mg kg-1 de K e a cinco cultivos sucessivos com plantas em vasos. Na colheita, a parte aérea das plantas foi cortada rente à superfície do solo e seca em estufa, sendo determinados a matéria seca e o K. Uma amostra de solo na camada de 0-10 cm foi coletada, seca, moída e passada em peneira de malha de 2 mm; a extração do K trocável foi feita pelo extrator Mehlich-1; do K não-trocável, pelo tetrafenil de sódio (Na-TFBo) e HNO3 1 mol L-1 fervente; e do K total, pelo HF. A capacidade de suprimento de K do solo às plantas depende mais de suas características próprias que do seu histórico de adubação potássica. A absorção de K pelas plantas desencadeia um processo contínuo de depleção de diferentes formas de K, a qual é mais acentuada quando os teores de K disponíveis são mais baixos.
Resumo:
A suinocultura tem como inconveniente a grande produção de dejetos, os quais são reutilizados como fertilizantes agrícolas, porém, se utilizados em doses excessivas, tornam-se severos poluentes ambientais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as formas de acumulação de P em um solo submetido a sucessivas aplicações de doses de dejeto líquido de suínos. O experimento foi instalado em 1995, em uma área cultivada com pastagem natural, que recebeu doses de 0, 20 e 40 m³ ha-1 de dejeto líquido de suínos (DLS), aplicadas em intervalos de 45 a 60 dias durante cinco anos. Em 1999, após 28 aplicações de DLS, que totalizaram 0, 560 e 1.120 m³ ha-1, foram coletadas amostras de solo nas profundidades de 0-2,5, 2,5-5, 5-10, 10-15 e 15-20 cm. A amostra foi seca, moída, passada em peneira de malha de 2 mm e submetida ao fracionamento químico do P pelo método de Hedley. No tratamento testemunha, foi determinada a capacidade máxima de adsorção de fósforo (CMAP), utilizando-se isotermas de adsorção e ajuste matemático pela equação de Langmuir. Os resultados mostraram que o P adicionado ao solo via DLS é acumulado essencialmente em formas inorgânicas, sendo as principais as extraídas por resina trocadora de ânions, NaHCO3 0,5 mol L-1, NaOH 0,1 mol L-1 e HCl 1,0 mol L-1.
Resumo:
Este trabalho teve como objetivo estabelecer curvas de acúmulo de macronutrientes na cultura do girassol. Para isso, foi instalado um experimento em campo sobre Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico de textura muito argilosa, localizado na fazenda experimental da Embrapa Soja, em Londrina/PR. As parcelas foram constituídas de 14 linhas com 25 m de comprimento cada e espaçamento entrelinhas de 0,70 m, resultando em área total de 245 m². Cada parcela foi repetida quatro vezes. A adubação de semeadura foi de 300 kg ha-1 da fórmula 5-20-20, aplicada a lanço, antes do plantio. A adubação de cobertura foi parcelada em duas aplicações: 25 e 1 kg ha-1 de N e B, respectivamente, sendo a primeira aos 21 e a segunda aos 35 dias após a semeadura. O híbrido utilizado foi o BRS-191, e a densidade final de plantas foi de 40.000 plantas ha-1. Amostras de plantas foram coletadas em intervalos de 14 dias após a emergência e separadas em pecíolos, folhas, caules e, quando existentes, em capítulo e em aquênios. Após secagem, cada parte da planta foi pesada e moída para, em seguida, determinarem-se os teores de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S. A partir desses nutrientes e da matéria seca de cada parte da planta, foram obtidas as curvas de acúmulo. Verificou-se que, para obtenção de produtividades superiores a 3.000 kg ha-1, o híbrido BRS 191 extrai aproximadamente 150, 24, 286, 116, 42 e 24 kg ha-1 de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S, respectivamente, resultando na seguinte ordem de extração: K > N > Ca > Mg > P = S. Em relação à exportação, a ordem dos nutrientes foi a seguinte: N > P = K > Mg = S > Ca. Portanto, atenção especial deve ser dada à manutenção da adequada disponibilidade de N, K e Ca, devido à alta demanda da cultura por esses nutrientes.
Resumo:
Highway safety and pavement performance can be directly influenced by the type of shoulders that are constructed. Shoulder design alternatives have always been rather limited. Moreover, the use of some of the alternatives has always been restricted by funding limitations. This research project seeks to explore the use of modified macadam base construction for shoulders. This type of shoulder design could offer the designer another option when paved or stabilized shoulders are being considered. Macadam base construction has in the past been shown to be quite strong and free draining. Two macadam base shoulder designs were developed and constructed for this research project. A new roadway embankment and P.C.C. pavement were constructed on a section of US 6 east of Adel in Dallas County. The macadam base shoulders were constructed adjacent to the pavement as part of the project. The north shoulder was finished with a choke stone course and bituminous surface treatment and the south shoulder was finished with a two (2) inch layer of Type B Class I1 asphalt concrete. Macadam stone base shoulders can be built with relatively minor construction problems with comparable strength and less cost than asphalt treated base shoulders. The macadam stone base shoulders have performed well with very little maintenance necessary. The improved drainage substantially reduces deterioration of the pavement joints.
Resumo:
A noção de beleza na infância e as práticas de embelezamento direcionadas às meninas foram analisadas a partir das dicas da Barbie, veiculadas no livro de Fabiane Ariello (2007). Nas orientações da boneca, encontramos materiais escritos e visuais que permitiram dimensionar as produções de significados para o que é ser bela e como tornar-se bela. Nelas, vislumbramos os trânsitos entre as condutas de cuidados estéticos e o consumo de bens e produtos da moda, em específico de serviços relacionados às aparências e de artefatos/objetos da indústria cosmética. Tais artefatos indicam um padrão de beleza que interfere na construção da identidade de gênero e na educação das meninas no período da infância.
Resumo:
There is an ongoing discussion about moving toward performance-based specifications for concrete pavements. This document seeks to move the discussion forward by outlining the needs and the challenges, and proposing some immediate actions. However, this approach may increase risk for all parties until performance requirements are agreed upon and, more importantly, how the requirements can be measured. A fundamental issue behind pavement construction activities is that the owner/designer needs to be assured that the concrete in place will survive for the intended period (assuming there are no changes in the environment or loading) and, therefore, that full payment should be made. At the same time, each party along the supply chain needs to be assured that the material being supplied to them is able to meet the required performance, as is the product/system they are delivering. The focus of this document is a discussion of the issues behind this need, and the technologies that are available, or still needed, to meet this need, particularly from the point of view of potential durability
Resumo:
Pieces of Iowa’s Past, published by the Iowa State Capitol Tour Guides weekly during the legislative session, features historical facts about Iowa, the Capitol, and the early workings of state government. All historical publications are reproduced here with the actual spelling, punctuation, and grammar retained. January 28, 2009 THIS WEEK: Alfred Piquenard, Designer of the Iowa State Capitol
Resumo:
Este artigo apresenta os resultados de pesquisa exploratória realizada no primeiro semestre de 2008 com micro e pequenos empresários na região do Barro Preto em Belo Horizonte, importante pólo da moda mineira. Para a coleta de dados, optou-se pela utilização de um questionário estruturado, com perguntas fechadas, o qual foi aplicado a nove empresários da região, escolhidos a partir dos seguintes critérios: (a) acessibilidade dos pesquisadores às fontes de dados; (b) tempo disponível para a coleta de dados; (c) importância do empreendimento para a região. Por ser um tipo de pesquisa predominantemente quantitativa, técnicas estatísticas foram utilizadas nas análises dos dados coletados. Os resultados revelaram que, em contextos competitivos turbulentos, é aconselhável um processo de monitoramento contínuo dos movimentos dos concorrentes (diretos e indiretos) e das mudanças macroambientais, coletando informações úteis para uma tomada de decisão estratégica cada vez mais eficaz que favoreça a manutenção de vantagens competitivas significativas nos mercados em que os empreendimentos estão inseridos ao longo do tempo.
Resumo:
In the United States many bridge structures have been designed without consideration for their unique construction problems. Many problems could have been avoided if construction knowledge and experience was utilized in the design process. A systematic process is needed to create and capture construction knowledge for use in the design process. This study was conducted to develop a system to capture construction considerations from field people and incorporate it into a knowledge-base for use by the bridge designers. This report presents the results of this study. As a part of this study a microcomputer-based constructability system has been developed. The system is a user-friendly microcomputer database which codifies construction knowledge, provides easy access to specifications, and provides simple design computation checks for the designer. A structure for the final database was developed and used in the prototype system. A process for collecting, developing and maintaining the database is presented and explained. The study involved a constructability survey, interviews with designers and constructors, and visits to construction sites to collect constuctability concepts. The report describes the development of the constructability system and addresses the future needs for the Iowa Department of Transportation to make the system operational. A user's manual for the system is included along with the report.
Resumo:
Este trabalho avaliou o efeito do farelo e da farinha de semente de algodão no ganho de peso e na atividade testicular de alevinos de tilápia-do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Cento e cinqüenta alevinos com peso médio inicial de 1,26 g foram mantidos em aquários de 45 L, com renovação contínua d'água, e alimentados por 120 dias com dietas isoprotéicas (28% PB) e isocalóricas (4.030 kcal EB/kg de ração) contendo 0%, 2%, 4% e 6% de semente de algodão descorticada e moída, e 24% de farelo de algodão. Foi observado que os níveis avaliados interferem na atividade testicular, diminuindo a espermatogênese, embora não tenham comprometido de forma significativa o ganho de peso dos alevinos.
Resumo:
En la actualidad está de moda intentar definir al "individuo medio", al "trabajador medio", etc., mediante la prospección estadística de determinadas catas de la sociedad que deben darnos, teòricamente, una visión más o menos objetiva de la realidad que nos interesa conocer. [. . .]
Resumo:
The use of voids in the mineral aggregate (VMA) criteria for proper mix design of hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures is a time honored and fairly successful tool. Recent developments in the field of asphalt mix design have encouraged the use of mixtures with a coarse aggregate structure to resist the affect of heavy traffic loads. By using the equations presented, which account for both aggregate gradation and the volumetric properties of the materials, the mix designer is able to judge the proper VMA requirement for each unique blend of materials. By applying the new equations, the most economical mix may be selected without great risk of reduced durability. Supporting data from field application is presented to illustrate the use of the equations.
Resumo:
Highway safety and pavement performance can be directly influenced by the type of shoulders that are constructed. Shoulder design alternatives have always been rather limited. Moreover, the use of some of the alternatives has always been restricted by funding limitations. This research project seeks to explore the use of modified macadam base construction for shoulders. This type of shoulder design could offer the designer another option when paved or stabilized shoulders are being considered. Macadam base construction has in the past been shown to be quite strong and freedraining. Two macadam base shoulder designs were developed and constructed for this research project. A new roadway embankment and P.C.C. pavement were constructed on a section of US 6 east of Adel in Dallas County. The macadam base shoulders were constructed adjacent to the pavement as part of the project. The north shoulder was finished with a choke stone course and bituminous surface treatment and the south shoulder was finished with a two (2) inch layer of Type B Class II asphalt concrete. The initial results are considered satisfactory. Follow-up performance evaluation and load bearing tests are planned.
Resumo:
The objective of this research study is to evaluate the performance, maintenance requirements and cost effectiveness of constructing reinforced slope along a concrete bikeway overpass with a Geogrid system such as manufactured by Tensar Corporation or Reinforced Earth Company. This final report consists of two separate reports - construction and performance. An earlier design report and work plan was submitted to the Iowa DOT in 1989. From the Design Report, it was determined that the reinforced slope would be the most economical system for this particular bikeway project. Preliminary cost estimates for other design alternatives including concrete retaining walls, gabions and sheet pile walls ranged from $204/L.F. to $220/L.F. The actual final construction cost of the reinforced slope with GEDGRIDS was around $112/L.F. Although, since the reinforced slope system was not feasible next to the bridge overpass because of design constraints, a fair cost comparison should reflect costs of constructing a concrete retaining wall. Including the concrete retaining wall costs raises the per lineal foot cost to around $122/L.F. In addition to this initial construction cost effectiveness of the reinforced slope, there has been little or no maintenance needed for this reinforced slope. It was noted that some edge mowing or weed whacking could be done near the concrete bikeway slab to improve the visual quality of the slope, but no work has been assigned to city crews. It was added that this kind of weed whacking over such steep slope is more difficult and there could possibly be more potential for work related injury. The geogrid reinforced slope has performed really well once the vegetation took control and prevented soil washing across the bikeway slab. To that end, interim erosion control measures might need to be considered in future projects. Some construction observations were noted. First, there i s no specialized experience or equipment required for a contractor to successfully build a low-to-medium geogrid reinforced slope structure. Second, the adaptability of the reinforced earth structure enables the designer to best fit the shape of the structure to the environment and could enhance aesthetic quality. Finally, a reinforced slope can be built with relatively soft soils provided differential settlements between facing are limited to one or two percent.
Resumo:
This report describes the work accomplished to date on research project HR-173, A Computer Based Information System for County Equipment Cost Records, and presents the initial design for this system. The specific topics discussed here are findings from the analysis of information needs, the system specifications developed from these findings, and the proposed system design based upon the system specifications. The initial system design will include tentative input designs for capturing input data, output designs to show the output formats and the items to be output for use in decision making, file design showing the organization of information to be kept on each piece of equipment in the computer data file, and general system design explaining how the entire system will operate. The Steering Committee appointed by Iowa Highway Research Board is asked to study this report, make appropriate suggestions, and give approval to the proposed design subject to any suggestions made. This approval will permit the designer to proceed promptly with the development of the computer program implementation phase of the design.