Progettazione del layout di un nuovo stabilimento produttivo: il caso Fiorini Industries S.r.l.

Progettazione del nuovo layout per un nuovo stabilimento produttivo, in cui il gruppo Fiorini Industries S.r.l., in un'ottica di espansione e miglioramento dei parametri tecnici e dei flussi aziendali, si insedia lasciando la sua storica sede produttiva. Questo bisogno nasce dall'impossibilità di espansione dello stabilimento odierno e dalla necessità di ridurre i costi di movimentazione dei materiali durante il ciclo di produzione. La tesi si colloca in questo contesto di necessità di verificare le prestazioni del lay-out attuale, valutandone le problematiche e le criticità al fine di potere identificare delle valide soluzioni di layout per la nuova sede produttiva dal punto di vista tecnico-economico e ambientale. Il CAPITOLO1 è volto ad inquadrare il problema affrontato nella situazione odierna; mettendo in evidenza la rilevanza del lay-out. Viene poi spiegato in maniera approfondita l'approccio di progettazione seguito. Al CAPITOLO 2 spetta la presentazione dell'azienda, della sua storia, della sua gamma di prodotti e dei suoi reparti di lavorazione. L'inquadramento aziendale è necessario al fine di capire le esigenze aziendali di cui si dovrà tenere conto durante lo svolgimento del lavoro. Nel CAPITOLO 3 si procede con l'analisi della situazione attuale, recuperando i dati di input necessari alla determinazione del mix produttivo offerto al mercato, quindi con l'analisi dei cicli produttivi, dei flussi e delle risorse impiegate per le movimentazioni. Il CAPITOLO 4 illustra il nuovo polo industriale del gruppo e presenta le alternative di lay-out individuate, che vengono analizzate dal punto di vista economico per individuare il possibile saving economico annuo rispetto alla situazione attuale. Per completezza di informazione vengono presentate anche aree che non vengono progettate tramite l'analisi tecnico economica (Blocco 2 e Uffici). Il capitolo termina con la scelta del nuovo layout per la nuova sede, dove vengono studiati i saving annui in base ai mezzi di movimentazioni attuali e quelli implementabili. L'ultima parte dell'elaborato valuta le emissioni di anidride carbonica dovute alle movimentazioni interne e valuta la possibile riduzione di emissioni di CO2 con il nuovo layout.

The examination and identification of bite marks in foods using 3D scanning and 3D comparison methods

Bite mark analysis offers the opportunity to identify the biter based on the individual characteristics of the dentitions. Normally, the main focus is on analysing bite mark injuries on human bodies, but also, bite marks in food may play an important role in the forensic investigation of a crime. This study presents a comparison of simulated bite marks in different kinds of food with the dentitions of the presumed biter. Bite marks were produced by six adults in slices of buttered bread, apples, different kinds of Swiss chocolate and Swiss cheese. The time-lapse influence of the bite mark in food, under room temperature conditions, was also examined. For the documentation of the bite marks and the dentitions of the biters, 3D optical surface scanning technology was used. The comparison was performed using two different software packages: the ATOS modelling and analysing software and the 3D studio max animation software. The ATOS software enables an automatic computation of the deviation between the two meshes. In the present study, the bite marks and the dentitions were compared, as well as the meshes of each bite mark which were recorded in the different stages of time lapse. In the 3D studio max software, the act of biting was animated to compare the dentitions with the bite mark. The examined food recorded the individual characteristics of the dentitions very well. In all cases, the biter could be identified, and the dentitions of the other presumed biters could be excluded. The influence of the time lapse on the food depends on the kind of food and is shown on the diagrams. However, the identification of the biter could still be performed after a period of time, based on the recorded individual characteristics of the dentitions.

The Influence of Fallback Foods on Great Ape Tooth Enamel

Lucas and colleagues recently proposed a model based on fracture and deformation concepts to describe how mammalian tooth enamel may be adapted to the mechanical demands of diet (Lucas et al.: Bioessays 30[2008] 374-385). Here we review the applicability of that model by examining existing data on the food mechanical properties and enamel morphology of great apes (Pan, Pongo, and Gorilla). Particular attention is paid to whether the consumption of fallback foods is likely to play a key role in influencing great ape enamel morphology. Our results suggest that this is indeed the case. We also consider the implications of this conclusion on the evolution of the dentition of extinct hominins.

Assimilation of Compliance Software in Highly Regulated Industries: An Empirical Multitheoretical Investigation

In this paper we follow a theory-based approach to study the assimilation of compliance software in highly regulated multinational enterprises. These relatively new software products support the automation of controls which are associated with mandatory compliance requirements. We use institutional and success factor theories to explain the assimilation of compliance software. A framework for analyzing the assimilation of Access Control Systems (ACS), a special type of compliance software, is developed and used to reflect the experiences obtained in four in-depth case studies. One result is that coercive, mimetic, and normative pressures significantly effect ACS assimilation. On the other hand, quality aspects have only a moderate impact at the beginning of the assimilation process, in later phases the impact may increase if performance and improvement objectives become more relevant. In addition, it turns out that position of the enterprises and compatibility heavily influence the assimilation process.

Advanced production scheduling for batch plants in process industries

An Advanced Planning System (APS) offers support at all planning levels along the supply chain while observing limited resources. We consider an APS for process industries (e.g. chemical and pharmaceutical industries) consisting of the modules network design (for long–term decisions), supply network planning (for medium–term decisions), and detailed production scheduling (for short–term decisions). For each module, we outline the decision problem, discuss the specifi cs of process industries, and review state–of–the–art solution approaches. For the module detailed production scheduling, a new solution approach is proposed in the case of batch production, which can solve much larger practical problems than the methods known thus far. The new approach decomposes detailed production scheduling for batch production into batching and batch scheduling. The batching problem converts the primary requirements for products into individual batches, where the work load is to be minimized. We formulate the batching problem as a nonlinear mixed–integer program and transform it into a linear mixed–binary program of moderate size, which can be solved by standard software. The batch scheduling problem allocates the batches to scarce resources such as processing units, workers, and intermediate storage facilities, where some regular objective function like the makespan is to be minimized. The batch scheduling problem is modelled as a resource–constrained project scheduling problem, which can be solved by an efficient truncated branch–and–bound algorithm developed recently. The performance of the new solution procedures for batching and batch scheduling is demonstrated by solving several instances of a case study from process industries.

Batch scheduling in process industries: an application of resource-constrained project scheduling

The paper deals with batch scheduling problems in process industries where final products arise from several successive chemical or physical transformations of raw materials using multi–purpose equipment. In batch production mode, the total requirements of intermediate and final products are partitioned into batches. The production start of a batch at a given level requires the availability of all input products. We consider the problem of scheduling the production of given batches such that the makespan is minimized. Constraints like minimum and maximum time lags between successive production levels, sequence–dependent facility setup times, finite intermediate storages, production breaks, and time–varying manpower contribute to the complexity of this problem. We propose a new solution approach using models and methods of resource–constrained project scheduling, which (approximately) solves problems of industrial size within a reasonable amount of time.