Diseño del Sistema de Control de Gestión para la delegación Noroccidental Nanegalito - Administración La Delicia – Municipio del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito

El presente trabajo, pretende avanzar en la búsqueda de herramientas que permitan mejorar la gestión de la prestación del servicio público. El capítulo I tiene como propósito dar una visión general de la Institución, conocer la historia, la filosofía de gestión, la estructura y una síntesis de la planificación en el MDMQ. El capítulo II se realiza un diagnóstico de la situación actual de la Delegación Noroccidental Nanegalito, utilizando la herramienta FODA, el diagnóstico trabajado evidencia el ser y el deber ser de la DNN, para brindar un mejor servicio a los pobladores de parroquias ubicadas en la zona Noroccidental (Nanegalito, Nanegal, Gualea y Pacto), que tiene los mayores índices de inequidad respecto del Distrito. El capítulo III es un resumen de los principales enfoques de planificación y de las principales herramientas que sirven para el control de la gestión, el marco conceptual permite contar con las definiciones más importantes y representativas de los conceptos de la investigación, en otras palabras la definición o definiciones que nos llevan a la operacionalización de las variables en estudio. El capítulo IV en base al diagnóstico y con la base conceptual se realiza la propuesta del sistema de control de Gestión DNN, que permiten contar con una herramienta de gestión, que permite llevar a la práctica el Plan de Desarrollo y Ordenamiento Territorial, en otras palabras, viabilizar el logro de las políticas, objetivos, programas, metas que permita el desarrollo de capacidades la población y potenciar la inmensa riqueza, productiva, ambiental y cultural.

Modernización y control social en Cartagena: los sujetos y las acciones sobre el problema de vagancia, 1903-1927

Esta investigación constituye un acercamiento a los estudios de la ciudad desde el control de los individuos. A propósito del proceso de modernización agenciado en Cartagena entre 1903 y 1927, se realiza una aproximación a las formas con las que se definió, ubicó y trató de disciplinar a los sujetos vagos. De allí que se preste mayor atención a las dinámicas de la modernización de la ciudad en cuanto a los aspectos que implicaron el gobierno de la población. En el primer capítulo, distanciándonos de la visión de la historiografía inicial que, sobre los hechos modernizantes se produjeron en torno a los resultados de las acciones del ex - presidente Rafael Nuñez, fundamentalmente se da cuenta de la conformación del régimen de vigilancia que se inauguró para garantizar la sanidad del puerto. En este apartado centramos la atención -más allá de las modificaciones espaciales experimentadas en la ciudad-, en la creación del cuerpo de policía sanitaria, marítima y terrestre: el cuerpo de vigilancia y control encargado de suprimir el desorden de esta urbe para desde ahí, situarnos, en un primer momento, en el control del alcoholismo y la prostitución. El segundo capítulo hace especial énfasis en una variable que se desplegó en los intentos de modernización de la ciudad: se trata de un tipo de higienismo práctico que denominamos higienismo social. Aquí se centra la atención en la definición, ubicación y aproximación numérica sobre los sujetos vagos. Finalmente, en el tercer capítulo, se presentan las acciones disciplinantes que implicó el proyecto de ciudad moderna. En esta parte, se presta especial importancia, tanto a los dispositivos de policía como a las medidas nacionales de confinamiento a las colonias penales y agrícolas que se implementaron para hacer de los sujetos vagos seres productivos y funcionales al orden moderno pretendido. Se concluye con los problemas que se presentaron para concretar este proyecto.

La consulta previa a pueblos indígenas y tribales de medidas administrativas en Colombia: naturaleza y alcance

La presente tesis pone de presente las oscilaciones que la Corte Constitucional de Colombia ha tenido en torno al derecho de la Consulta Previa, dando cuenta de los alcances y vicisitudes en cuanto a la manera como se ha interpretado el Convenio 169 de la OIT ratificado por Colombia en la Ley 21 de 1991 y cómo éste derecho, dada la omisión legislativa al respecto, ha sido de construcción pretoriana, que no obstante sus vaivenes, ha contribuido a darle cuerpo a la consulta previa, por lo que, teniendo en cuenta la enorme variedad de medidas administrativas, susceptibles de ser consultadas, se hace énfasis en el otorgamiento de licencias ambientales, en el marco de la democracia participativa colombiana, constituyendo un tema poco pacífico de la antropología jurídica en Colombia y otros países de la región, pues hay una aparente tensión entre los derechos de las minorías y el derecho ambiental con el desarrollo industrial que concierne a la generalidad de los asociados. Este Derecho fundamental está conformado por otros dos derechos fundamentales, como son el de preservar su integridad étnica y el de la participación. Por lo que se hace necesaria la implementación de espacios de interlocución, para cada caso particular, en donde activamente, dichos pueblos, expresen sus inquietudes frente al proyecto o actividad; y que conjuntamente con quien va a desarrollarlos, diseñen medidas tendientes a prevenir, mitigar, corregir o compensar los impactos derivados de tales obras o actividades.

Trayectorias y dinámicas de desarrollo territorial rural en el Triángulo del Sur del Tolima, Colombia, 1613-2005

El territorio Triángulo del sur del Tolima se caracteriza por tener una dinámica de desarrollo territorial rural no exitosa en el periodo intercensal 1993-2005 ya que no presenta mejoras significativas en términos de crecimiento económico, disminución de pobreza, aumento de equidad o sustentación ambiental del territorio. Esta dinámica de desarrollo territorial rural, la actual, tiene un trasfondo histórico denso y complejo al que es necesario prestar atención si se quiere avanzar en la reflexión y discusión de los complejos problemas territoriales actuales. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo general avanzar en el análisis de ese trasfondo histórico que configura la situación actual del territorio. Con este objetivo en mente se plantea la siguiente pregunta central de investigación: ¿Cuáles han sido las trayectorias y dinámicas de desarrollo territorial rural que se han configurado en el territorio del Triángulo del sur del Tolima y que terminan dando lugar finalmente a una dinámica de desarrollo territorial rural no exitosa en el periodo 1993-2005?. Planteada de esta manera, la pregunta a la que busca dar respuesta la presente investigación se enmarca dentro de un problema de investigación específico: el problema de la configuración, en un proceso histórico de larga duración, de unas determinadas trayectorias de desarrollo territorial rural que dan a su vez lugar a dinámicas de desarrollo territorial específicas. La presente investigación muestra cómo la relación entre los actores sociales y las formas de acción colectiva, las instituciones y las estructuras territoriales permiten explicar las trayectorias y dinámicas de desarrollo territorial del Triángulo del sur del Tolima. Se concluye que la trayectoria de desarrollo territorial rural actual constituye una situación excepcional en la historia territorial del Triángulo del sur del Tolima, a saber, una situación de vacío de poder territorial en la cual no existe todavía un actor, o un grupo de actores actuando en coalición, con el suficiente poder territorial para generar una dinámica de desarrollo territorial rural exitosa en algún sentido.

La jurisdicción indígena frente al control de constitucionalidad en Ecuador. ¿Pluralismo jurídico o judicionalización de lo plural?

Este libro discute sobre los parámetros que la Corte Constitucional ecuatoriana debería considerar para resolver una acción de control de constitucionalidad de decisiones jurisdiccionales indígenas. La autora reflexiona respecto al pluralismo jurídico en Ecuador, a partir del reconocimiento de tensiones inevitables en la interrelación entre dos sistemas jurídicos culturalmente diversos: el hegemónico y el indígena. En este contexto, se analiza la institución jurídica del control de constitucionalidad de las decisiones jurisdiccionales indígenas, cuya atribución corresponde a la Corte Constitucional, como uno de los más claros ejemplos de conexión entre dos sistemas de ad ministración de justicia con diferencias culturales, con la finalidad de establecer si a través de esta garantía se alcanza la coordina ción y cooperación entre las justicias o, si por el contrario, se produce hegemonía de una cultura sobre la otra. Para tal efecto, se examina el denominado caso La Cocha 2, que se sustancia en la Corte Constitucional ecuatoriana, a la luz de los estándares utilizados por la Corte Constitucional de Colombia en la sustanciación de procesos en los que intervienen personas o colectividades indígenas.

Identifying and investigating pesticide application types to promote a more sustainable pesticide use: the case of smallholders in Boyacá, Colombia

The present paper investigates pesticide application types adopted by smallholder potato producers in the Department of Boyacá , Colombia. In this region, environmental, health and adverse economic effects due to pesticide mis- or over-use respectively have been observed. Firstly, pesticide application types were identified based on input-effectiveness. Secondly, their determinants of adoption were investigated. Finally suggestions were given to develop intervention options for transition towards a more sustainable pesticide use. Three application types were identified for fungicide and insecticide. The types differed in terms of input (intensity of pesticide application), effect (damage control), frequency of application, average quantity applied per application, chemical class, and productivity. Then, the determinants of different pesticide application types were investigated with a multinomial logistic regression approach and applying the integrative agent centred (IAC) framework. The area of the plot, attendance at training sessions and educational and income levels were among the most relevant determinants. The analysis suggested that better pesticide use could be fostered to reduce pesticide-related risks in the region. Intervention options were outlined, which may help in targeting this issue. They aim not only at educating farmers, but to change their social and institutional context, by involving other agents of the agricultural system (i.e. pesticide producers), facilitating new institutional settings (i.e. cooperatives) and targeting social dynamics (i.e. conformity to social norms).

Exploring behavioural change through an agent-oriented system dynamics model: the use of personal protective equipment among pesticide applicators in Colombia

The misuse of Personal Protective Equipment results in health risk among smallholders in developing countries, and education is often proposed to promote safer practices. However, evidence point to limited effects of education. This paper presents a System Dynamics model which allows the identification of risk-minimizing policies for behavioural change. The model is based on the IAC framework and survey data. It represents farmers' decision-making from an agent-oriented standpoint. The most successful intervention strategy was the one which intervened in the long term, targeted key stocks in the systems and was diversified. However, the results suggest that, under these conditions, no policy is able to trigger a self sustaining behavioural change. Two implementation approaches were suggested by experts. One, based on constant social control, corresponds to a change of the current model's parameters. The other, based on participation, would lead farmers to new thinking, i.e. changes in their decision-making structure.

From farmers’ perspective : pesticide use and pest control

Many studies have shown that farmers in developing countries often overuse pesticides and do not adopt safety practices. Policies and interventions to promote a safer use of pesticides are often based on a limited understanding of the farmers’ own perspective of pesticide use. This often results in ineffective policies and the persistence of significant pesticide-related health and environmental problems, especially in developing countries. This chapter explores potentials and limitations of different approaches to study pesticide use in agriculture from the farmers’ perspective. In contrast to the reductionist and mono-disciplinary approaches often adopted, this chapter calls for integrative methodological approaches to provide a realistic and thorough understanding of the farmers’ perspective on pesticide use and illustrates the added value of such an approach with three case studies of pesticide use in Iran, India, and Colombia.

Descentralizacion y participacion: dos variables democraticas tensiones y distennsiones en el sector salud, referencias a Brasil y Colombia

Este estudo tem, como tema central, a análise da descentralização e da participação como categorias democratizantes da reforma do Estado, particularmente, na área das políticas de saúde no Brasil e na Colômbia. Foi realizada uma análise teórica de ambas as categorias e de seu impacto na reformulação da relação Estado e sociedade para examinar, no último capítulo, sua conjunção na formulação, implementação e controle das políticas de saúde. Os resultados obtidos permitiram elaborar um marco analítico de gradação dos níveis de descentralização e participação assim como a importância destas na prática de uma gestão de saúde mais democrática.

Gerenciamento de risco no licenciamento ambiental de atividades potencialmente poluidoras

A presente monografia tem como objetivo identificar, avaliar e, por fim, sugerir mecanismos de controle dos Riscos inerentes aos processos de Licenciamento Ambiental realizados no âmbito do Instituto de Estadual do Ambiente – INEA

Análise do licenciamento ambiental como instrumento de política do meio ambiente no Rio Grande do Norte Período 1992-2003

This analysis on the ambient licensing is based on a research that identifies the fragilities and advances of the application of this instrument of politics of the environment in the ambient politics of the Rio Grande do Norte, in the period of 1992 the 2003. The isolated urban area of Búzios, situated in the City of Nísia Floresta/RN, situated in the eastern coast of the State, where concentrates the boarding of the ambient question as a matter in the Brazilian process of urbanization, over all the institutionalization and implementation of the ambient licensing. They are distinguished in the used methodology in consultation to the diverse involved social segments with the ambient subject in study, the example of the managers, technician and specialists, as well as the application of the legislation and norms techniques, the forms of appropriation of the common wealth and the procedures of ambient licensing of the competent agencies. The results of the research designate that the ambient licensing while instrument of the ambient politics is one of the alternatives more efficient as techniques in the process of sustainable development, since it is beyond the prerogatives to conciliate the activities and enterprises with the conservation of the environmental resources and natural benefits to the societies. In the RN one evidenced progress in the ambient legislation and the instructions techniques, and that the imperfections and limitations in the system of ambient licensing are not directly on to the instruments, but in the implementation of mechanisms of the ambient agencies. This because they do not make use of operational structure to apply in practical and established abilities, as an ambient management, institutional joint and deliberations of the State Counselor for Environment

Determinação da toxicidade aguda e caracterização de risco ambiental do herbicida Roundup (glifosato) sobre três espécies de peixes

Considering their commercial importance, as these are the species of freshwater fish more commercialized in Brazil, their occurence in different kinds of aquatic environments (lakes, rivers and dams) and for being tolerant to a wide range of variation of various physical parameters and chemical water, the fish species Oreochromis niloticus, Cyprinus carpio and Colossoma macropomum were chosen for this study, furthermore, to test the toxicity we used the herbicide Roundup. The fingerlings of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), commun carp (Cyprinus carpio) and tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) were submitted to the herbicide roundup in the following concentrations: 0.0 (control); 18,06; 19,10; 20,14; 21,18 and 22,22 mg.L-1, 0.0 (control); 13,89; 14,86; 15,83; 16,81 and 17,78 mg.L-1, and 0.0 (control); 18,06; 19,10; 20,14; 21,18 and 22,22 mg.L-1, respectively, three for 96 hours. The LC50 - 96h for O. niloticus, C. carpio and C. macropomum was 21,63, 15,33 and 20,06 mg.L-1 of the herbicide roundup, respectively. The results show that this herbicide is classified as slightly toxic to the three species. The values of dissolved oxygen, pH and temperature recorded in the aquarium control and aquarium experimental of the three fish species have remained without significant variations during the tests, which reduces the possibility of death caused by sudden variations of these parameters during the 96 hours the experiment. The values of LC50 between different species of fish were observed, noting that the species O.niloticus, C. carpio and C. macropomum showed no expressive differences. The values of environmental risk of Roundup were calculated to obtain more stringent parameters in assessing the dangerousness of those on nontargets. The risk of environmental contamination by Roundup for the Nile tilapia, common carp, and tambaqui are low for the lowest application rate (1 L.ha-1) and depths (1.5 and 2.0 m). The dilution of 100%, the highest recommended dose (5 L.ha-1) and depths (1.5 and 2.0 m) the risk is moderate for the three species. The values of the Risk Ratio (QR) were greater than 0,1, indicating that the values of the CAE and LC50 are above acceptable levels and there is a need, this study, a refinement in ecotoxicological tests

Serological Evidence of Bovine Herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5) in Cattle at the Colombia's Eastern Plains

Several diseases involve the nervous system of cattle, among which infections with Rabies Virus and Bovine Herpes Virus 5 (BoHV-5) are noteworthy. In order to detect seropositive animals to BoHV-5, 156 Brahman-Zebu bovines blood samples from Colombia's eastern plains were analyzed through seroneutralization assay; the area has a history of animals dying with nervous symptoms and which rule out the disease of rabies. All animals were over one year old and randomly selected from two different herds reporting no vaccination for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in a period exceeding one year. Results indicated seropositivity for BoHV-5 in 91 cases (58.4%), of which 88 were also seropositive for bovine herpes virus 1 (BoHV-1), while 41 were seronegative for both agents. 22/64 seronegative cases for BoHV-5 were seropositive for BoHV-1 and 2/43 seronegative cases for BoHV-1 were seropositive for BoHV-5, and consequently, these animals could be only infected by encephalitis herpes virus. With these initial findings, emphasis its placed on the need establish the true impact of the disease in Colombia and proposes the epidemiological surveillance of cattle in the region studied in order to establish mechanisms for control of viral infection.

Gestão ambiental na saúde pública: um estudo sobre a percepção ambiental de gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos de serviços de saúde, dos servidores do Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes do Rio Grande do Norte

This research has aimed at studying the perception of University Hospital Onofre Lopes (HUOL) s workers on the environmental management plan of RSSS. They have been interviewed 250 workers: doctors, nurses, nursing assistants, and cleaners. It was used an exploratory and descriptive research of the type Survey, which aims at obtaining of data or information on characteristics, actions or opinions of any group of people. The questions of the questionnaire were of the kind objective", formulated in a model "scale", analyzed in according to the positioning of the interviewee. The wastes of health service have high potential for environmental impact in the activities from HUOL. Actions or environmental protective policy can improve the image of HUOL. They have been detected divergences on the rigor in application of law of ANVISA. The HUOL s workers unaware of the law of ANVISA and they have little or no knowledge about the practices of environmental control, public health and, they do not know the Environmental Management System ISO 14001. They have divergent views on the degree of importance of ISO 14001. There is not a Waste Management Plan for Health Service and / or is not disclosed for most of HUOL workers. It has not carried out audits or defined the goals and objectives. Besides, it has not been identified legal requirements, and there has not been communication about the service is performed or has been made a critical analysis and no control of documents the environmental management plan. The HUOL have not had a committee of environmental management. The direction of HUOL has not been organized courses, training and recycling of waste on environmental control of the health service. On a scale from 01 to 05, the level of aware level concerning to the waste management from health services of the workers, so is at the threshold between 01 and 02. For the reversal of this situation, the first and urgent step is the creation and institutionalization the environmental management committee of the University Hospital Onofre Lopes

Análise tecnológica sobre os aspectos ambientais de empreendimentos hoteleiros da Praia de Ponta Negra Natal/RN: um modelo de sistema de gestão ambiental

The present work aimed the elaboration of an environmental study focused on the hotel sector in order to present an analysis of the environmental aspects of Ponta Negra Beach, in Natal, RN, Brazil and also the aspects of the small and medium hotels existing in this area. By means of this work, it is possible to elaborate a model of a simplified System of Environmental Management which can attend to the exigencies required by NBR ISO 14001: 2004, as well as to present economical viability and possibility to be implemented in a way that hotels may converge to the sustainable environmental development of the tourism in Ponta Negra Beach. The research methodology presents itself divided into three items: execution of the environmental characterization of Ponta Negra Beach, by way of technical visits and interpretation of satellite images and cartograms of the main environmental characteristics of the region; execution of the work already made concerning the development, application and interpretation of the evaluation of the environmental aspects of each hotel, considering the hotels and the period of data collection, these used in evaluation, research instrument and a description of the procedure utilized for the analysis of the collected data and the utilized methodology for the elaboration of a model of a simplified System of Environmental Management. In a general way, it has been concluded that the practices executed by hotels in Ponta Negra Beach are impact-like and harmful to the environment. The simple implementation of analysis procedures and control of the environmental aspects could suggestively contribute to the reduction of environmental impacts promoted by the hotel section at this beach and in the nearby areas. It had been noticed that the study contributed to the sensitization of managers concerning the environmental problems since, in many other times, the detected problem was, in fact, the non-acquaintance about the environmental aspects and impacts from those hotels administrators, because of the lack of surveys and studies about the theme. It had also been noticed the arousing of a possible environmental attitude from some managers