飞行高度及设计长度对锥形流乘波体优化的影响 Altitude and Design Length Effects of Optimized Waverider Derived from Cone Flow

高超声速条件下,乘波体布局具有高升阻比特性,本文应用单纯形加速法,以最大升阻比为目标,开展了锥形流乘波体布局优化设计研究.特别是,研究了在高层大气飞行时雷诺数效应与气动特性的关系,从乘波体飞行高度与设计长度两方面探讨雷诺数对乘波体优化的影响,结果表明：给定设计马赫数和圆锥角情况下,对于最大升阻比优化乘波体,其雷诺数越小,摩擦阻力越大,而升阻比越低.

Producción de biomasa y concentración de nutrientes en el pasto cubano (Pennisetum purpureum x P. tiphoides) CV CT - 115. Finca la Tigra, Cárdenas, Rivas, Nicaragua

Con el propósito de determinar la producción de la biomasa forrajera y la concentración de nutrientes del pasto cubano CT - 115, se realizó un estudio en la Finca la Tigra, Cárdenas, Rivas, para ello se utilizó un área de 48 m2, subdividida en tres parcelas de 16 m2, donde se realizaron cortes a los 15, 30, 45, 60 y 75 días. Se evaluaron las variables altura de la planta, producción de biomasa fresca y seca por hectárea, en cada muestreo se tomaron muestras de plantas de 1,000 g, las que fueron remitidas al laboratorio de suelo y planta de la UNA, donde se hicieron las determinaciones de contenido de materia seca, % de nitrógeno, % fósforo, % potasio, % calcio, % magnesio, hierro (ppm), manganeso (ppm) y zinc (ppm). Se realizarón análisis de correlación usando el programa SAS (Sistema de Análisis Estadístico) versión 9. para los elementos de la composición nutritiva de la planta y las variables rendimiento de biomasa y altura, a través del programa CVEXPT (Experto de Curvas) versión 1.4, se determinaron las curvas de mejor ajustes para dichas relaciones. Encontrándose que a medida que aumentaba la edad de corte, la producción de biomasa fresca y seca así como la altura tendían a incrementar, inversamente a ello los niveles de nutrientes en las plantas, las ecuaciones de mejor ajustes para la producción de biomasa fresca, seca y altura fueron el Lineal, Logístico y Rotacional, con r2 de 94, 98 y 99% respectivamente, para el caso de los nutrientes las ecuaciones de mejor ajuste fueron: los modelos de función Rotacional, Logístico, Polinomial y Harris también con r2 de 92 a 99%, evidenciándose con esto que las tendencias de los incrementos de la biomasa seca, altura, y la concentración de nutrientes no presentan comportamiento lineal. Únicamente para el caso de la biomasa fresca se presentó una tendencia lineal.

Productividad y concentración de nutrientes del Taiwán Cubano (Pennisetum purpureum X Pennisetum tiphoides), CT 115, en época lluviosa, 2010 en la Fincas Santa Rosa

Con el objetivo de evaluar la Productividad y concentración de nutrientes del pasto cubano (Pennisetum purpureum x Pennisetum typhoides) cv CT – 115, se llevó a cabo la presente investigación en la finca Santa Rosa propiedad de la Universidad Nacional Agraria (UNA) Managua, Nicaragua. Localizada geográficamente a los 12° 08´ 33"de latitud norte y, 86° 10´ 31" de longitud oeste (INETER, 2006). Para ello se utilizó un área total de 33 m2 la cual se subdividió en tres parcelas de 10 m2 cada una donde se realizaron cortes cada 15 días hasta llegar a los 75 días. Se evaluaron las variables : altura, (cm) biomasa fresca (kg ha-1), Materia Seca (%), Biomasa seca (kg ha-1), Nitrógeno (%), Fósforo (%), Potasio (%),Calcio (%), Magnesio (%), Hierro (ppm), Manganeso (ppm), Zinc (ppm). Para la determinación de la producción de biomasa verde y seca (kg ha-1), se utilizó la metodología propuesta por la Red Internacional de evaluación de Pasturas Tropicales (CIAT, 1982). Para determinar los parámetros MS (%) se utilizó la metodología del análisis de Weende o análisis proximal (AOAC. 1990). Para el análisis de correlación se utilizo el programa SAS VERSION 9 para cada uno de las variables evaluadas, para la determinación de las curvas de mejor ajuste se utilizó el programa CVXP32. Durante el ensayo no se aplico ningún tipo de tratamiento agronómico (fertilización, riego). Los resultados obtenidos fueron: Altura 220 cm Biomasa fresca 31,764 kg ha-1 Materia seca 24% Biomasa seca 7529 kg ha-1. Las mayores concentraciones de nutrientes en la planta fueron: N 3.21% P 0.38% K 4.94% Ca 0.24% Mg 0.18% Fe 105.0ppm Mn 53.33ppm Zn 50ppm. Los modelos de mejor ajuste son: Modelo Múltiple Multiplicativo, Modelo Richards, Modelo Harris, Función Rotacional, Tercer Grado Polinomial y Asociación Exponencial.

Material parameter extraction in THz-TDS using a converging beam transfer function

We demonstrate a parameter extraction algorithm based on a theoretical transfer function, which takes into account a converging THz beam. Using this, we successfully extract material parameters from data obtained for a quartz sample with a THz time domain spectrometer. © 2010 IEEE.

Analysis of a Rubber Cone Tensioned by a Concentrated Force

Using the constitutive equation of a rubber-like materials given by Gao (1997), this paper investigates the problem of a cone under tension of a concentrated force at its apex. Under consideration is the axial-symmetry case and the large strain is taken into account. The stress strain fields near the apex are obtained by both asymptotic analysis and finite element calculation. The two results are consistent well. When the cone angle is 180 degrees, the solution becomes that of non-linear Boussinesq's problem for tension case.

Numerical Simulation on the Micro-Scale Bending Induced by Pulsed Laser Beam

利用自行研制的含热传导、冲击动力学大、变形有限元程序,模拟了小尺寸梁在脉冲激光加热条件下的变形过程。在此基础上,利用商用程序模拟了冷却及残余应力的产生,研究了激光参数（强度及分布）等对于微弯曲的影响。数值模拟结果与文献中的实验观察相吻合。

Static Study of Cantilever Beam stiction under Electrostatic Force Influence

The model and analysis of the cantilever beam adhesion problem under the action of electrostatic force are given. Owing to the nonlinearity of electrostatic force, the analytical solution for this kind of problem is not available. In this paper, a systematic method of generating polynomials which are the exact beamsolutions of the loads with different distributions is provided. The polynomials are used to approximate the beam displacement due to electrostatic force. The equilibrium equation offers an answer to how the beam deforms but no information about the unstuck length. The derivative of the functional with respect to the unstuck length offers such information. But to compute the functional it is necessary to know the beam deformation. So the problem is iteratively solved until the results are converged. Galerkin and Newton-Raphson methods are used to solve this nonlinear problem. The effects of dielectric layer thickness and electrostatic voltage on the cantilever beamstiction are studied.The method provided in this paper exhibits good convergence. For the adhesion problem of cantilever beam without electrostatic voltage, the analytical solution is available and is also exactly matched by the computational results given by the method presented in this paper.

The preparation, characterization and tribological properties of TA-C : H deposited using an electron cyclotron wave resonance plasma beam source

A compact electron cyclotron wave resonance (ECWR) source has been developed for the high rate deposition of hydrogenated tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C:H). The ECWR provides growth rates of up to 900 Å/min over a 4″ diameter and an independent control of the deposition rate and ion energy. The ta-C:H was deposited using acetylene as the source gas and was characterized in terms of its sp3 content, mass density, intrinsic stress, hydrogen content, C-H bonding, Raman spectra, optical gap, surface roughness and friction coefficient. The results obtained indicated that the film properties were maximized at an ion energy of approximately 167 eV, corresponding to an energy per daughter carbon ion of 76 eV. The relationship between the incident ion energy and film densification was also explained in terms of the subsurface implantation of carbon ions into the growing film.

Electron Beam Surface Treatment. Part II: Microstructure Evolution of Stainless Steel and Aluminum Alloy During Electron Beam Rapid Solidification

Surface rapid solidification microstructures of AISI 321 austenitic stainless steel and 2024 aluminum alloy have been investigated by electron beam remelting process and optical microscopy observation. It is indicated that the morphologies of the melted layer of both stainless steel and aluminum alloy change dramatically compared to the original materials. Also, the microstructures were greatly refined after the electron beam irradiation.

Investigation of Mn-Implanted n-Si by Low-Energy Ion Beam Deposition

Mn ions were implanted to n-type Si(0 0 1) single crystal by low-energy ion beam deposition technique with an energy of 1000 eV and a dose of 7.5 x 10^{17} cm^{-2}. The samples were held at room temperature and at 300degreesC during implantation. Auger electron spectroscopy depth profiles of samples indicate that the Mn ions reach deeper in the sample implanted at 300degreesC than in the sample implanted at room temperature. X-ray diffraction measurements show that the structure of the sample implanted at room temperature is amorphous while that of the sample implanted at 300degreesC is crystallized. There are no new phases found except silicon both in the two samples. Atomic force microscopy images of samples indicate that the sample implanted at 300degreesC has island-like humps that cover the sample surface while there is no such kind of characteristic in the sample implanted at room temperature. The magnetic properties of samples were investigated by alternating gradient magnetometer (AGM). The sample implanted at 300degreesC shows ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature.