30Mev/u~40Ar+~natAg轻粒子与复杂碎片的测量

利用气体探测器和CsI望远镜探测器测量了30MeV/u 40Ar+natAg反应中出射的轻粒子、中等质量碎片和重碎片。中能区轻粒子和中等质量碎片的发射成分与角度和碰撞参数有关。在前角区粒子和碎片主要来自于弹核碎裂，其平行动量分布宽度满足Goldhaber公式。提取的动量分布约化宽度σ0≈76MeV/c；在后角区轻粒子和中等质量碎片主要来自于类靶平衡热核的蒸发。利用单源模型能很好地拟合其发射能谱，由α粒子能谱提取的核温度约为4.2MeV；同时利用He/Li同位素比的方法得到的核温度约为4.6MeV。

30MeV/u~(40)Ar+~(nat)Ag反应中中等质量碎片的发射机制及其发射时间测量

中等质量碎片（IMF）的发射是中能重离子碰撞的一大特点，且随着轰击能量的升高其产额迅速增加。通过测量30MeV/u 40Ar+natAg反应中出射的中等质量碎片，研究了高激发热核的发射机制、发射时标和时空演化规律。 对反应中发射碎片能谱的运动源拟合表明，前角区（11°—22°）中等质量碎片（IMF）来自于三种成分：类靶源、类弹源和中速源成分，其中类弹和中速成分占主导，关联测量的IMF能谱拟合得到，一个来自于类弹源而另一个来自于中速源成分的事件占有相当大的比例。 利用小相对角度内的两碎片关联测量，研究高激发核衰变中中等质量碎片的发射时标和寿命。IMF发射时间随能量的变化很大，从低能碎片的250 fm/c到高能粒子的100 fm/c，表明在此能量下，反应中出射的IMF主要来自于相继两体衰变。通过与其它实验的比较可知，随着束流能量的升高，IMF发射时间由相继两体衰变向多重碎裂过渡。 IMF时空演化研究表明，发射空间的大小对IMF关联函数的影响主要来自于发射源的核物质密度而几乎不依赖于发射源的质量数。

30MeV/u~(40)Ar引起反应中的碎片发射机制

本论文中重点研究了30MeV/u 40Ar+58Ni，64Ni和115In反应中中等质量碎片（IMF）的发射机制。实验中，测量了实验室系5°～140°角度范围内出射碎片的能谱和角分布。对前角区出射的IMF（3≤Z≤13）实现了同位素鉴别，对中后角区出射的碎片在低探测阈（<2MeV/u ）的前提下实现了直到Z～30的元素鉴别。 用运动源模型对不同角度下出射的碎片能谱进行了分析和讨论，并结合角分布特征定性地研究了碎片的三个发射源。通过对各源的贡献随角度以及出射碎片电荷数Z的演化，观察到：类弹源主要发射的是那些前角区出射的、接近束流速度的高能碎片；中等速度源的发射是中角度区出射碎片和前角区低能碎片的主要来源；后角区出射的碎片则主要来自于类熔合源的发射。并观察到相对于类熔合源非平衡源更容易发射较轻的碎片。 通过对前角区出射IMF（3≤Z≤13）的能谱和同位素分布的分析，确定了那些基本保持束流速度的碎片主要来自于弹核碎裂过程。用各种模型对实验同位素分布进行了拟合，发现Sümmerer等人给出的经验公式和abrasion-ablation模型均能比较满意地拟合实验同位素分布的宽度和峰位。同时也观察到abrasion-ablation模型计算对奇Z元素的同位素分布能给出较好的拟合，但对偶Z元素的同位素分布，计算结果与实验值相比出现向丰中子方向的系统性偏移（～lamu）。另外，还着重研究了这些产物的靶核相关性问题。通过系统性分析以及同位旋相关的量子分子动力学（IQMD）模型计算，得出了弹核碎裂产物的靶核相关性是源于靶核表面中子与质子分布的不同和平均场及核子核子相互作用的同位旋效应相关。并且，通过计算还指出了靶核中子皮的厚度对于用弹核碎裂方法产生丰中子同位素的重要性。 通过用统计模型拟合后角区出射碎片的电荷分布，指出了这些碎片主要来自于非完全熔合过程中形成的复合系统的统计发射。 实验中观察到30MeV/u 40Ar轰击Ni和In靶在中角区出射的碎片的电荷分布有不同的特征。相对来说，前者更服从power-law，后者则倾向于服从指数规律。结合核态方程和QMD模型计算分析得出，在30MeV/u 的40Ar引起的反应中，对于弾靶质量接近对称的碰撞对所形成的系统，在一定的碰撞条件下可能已进入spinodal区，而非对称碰撞对的碰撞中压缩能还难以使得系统在膨胀时进入力学不稳定区。从而对观察到的实验现象进行了说明，并认为30MeV/u 40Ar轰击与其质量接近的靶核的反应中出射的碎片中已有相当数量的动力学发射成分的贡献。 利用实验中在前角区出射的接近束流速度的碎片的同位素产额提取了类弹源的温度参数。观察到直接由实验同位素产额比得到的表观核温度与所选择的同位素组合有较强烈的依赖关系，而与靶核和实验室探测角基本无关。利用M.B.Tsang等人给出的修正方法，提取了经边馈效应修正后的发射源温度。得到该温度值与反应靶、探测角以及用于提出温度的同位素组合没有明显的依赖关系，均为～4MeV。并用abrasion-ablation模型计算进行了讨论，得到在假定能级密度参数的倒数k=10MeV时，该温度值与abrasion-ablation模型计算是一致的。

AlⅠ及UⅠ原子光电离截面相对论及非相对论理论计算

本文给出了在自洽场近似下,入射光子能量在x射线范围内(132.3～1500eV),使用相对论及非相对论计算AlI及UI原子壳层光电离截面及总截面。讨论了相对论效应及辐射场的多极展开对光电离截面数值的影响。

U原子光电离截面的理论计算

本文给出了U原子的HFS和Cooper势外壳层光电离截面的计算方法和计算结果。因为我们所编的Cooper模型势程序给出了从特定组态的某一个光谱项光电离的截面值,所以能将壳层相同、而所处的能级位置和光谱项不同的原子光电离截面值区别开。

GENERAL ALPHA-N INDEX AND ITS APPLICATION .1. GENERAL ALPHA-N INDEX AND ITS APPLICATION IN THE EXTRACTION OF Y, CE, U, AND TH BY NEUTRAL PHOSPHORUS EXTRACTANCTS

The general a(N) index is established for molecules containing heteroatoms, rings, and multiple bonds. The general a(N) index is able to describe molecules with minute differences in structure and can also reveal the properties of molecules. This theory is successfully applied to the case of neutral phosphorus extractants. Both the molecular polarity and steric effect are characterized by the general a(N) index. The relationships between these properties and the distribution ratios for extracting Y, Ce, U, and Th are also shown by the general a(N) index.

Sm和U原子光电离截面的模型势计算

本文给出了使用四种不同形式的势对Sm基态光学电子所属壳层光电离截面计算的结果,同时给出了U原子三个激发态参量形式的极化修正模型势光电离截面的计算结果.我们的结果与其他作者使用相同形式的势计算的结果较好地符合.使用参数形式的极化模型势计算光电离截面是一种有效的方法.

I~N电子组态谱项结构的U群方法

多电子原子或离子的光谱理论中,一个很重要的问题就是确定由于电子间相互作用所形成的光谱项。通常采用轨道角动量耦合,自旋角动量耦合以及泡里原理来确定.当电子数N和轨道角动量量子数l大时,要经过冗长而仔细的运算才能确定下来,相当麻烦。本文利用U群方法,给出确定l~N电子组态光谱项的一般方法,大大简化了程序和工作量。首先把U_(2l+1)群的不可约表示的基直接和l~N电子组态的光谱结构联系起来,并引入了不可约表示的分解规则,及给出单列表示相应光谱项的计算方法。使计算程序标准化。

广义α_N指数及其应用——Ⅰ.广义α_N指数及其在中性磷萃取剂萃取Y、Ce、U和Th性能方面的应用

首先引进一般有机化合物的广义a_N指数,该指数能分辨有微小结构差别的有机化合物分子。在此基础上,计算了某些中性磷萃取剂的广义a_N指数。并将其与萃取性能进行相关分析,得到了满意的结果。

Element enrichment and U-series isotopic characteristics of the hydrothermal sulfides at Jade site in the Okinawa Trough

The geochemical and U-series isotopic characteristics of hydrothermal sulfide samples from the Jade site (127A degrees 04.5'E, 27A degrees 15'N, water depth 1300-1450 m) at Jade site in the Okinawa Trough were analyzed. In the hydrothermal sulfide samples bearing sulfate (samples HOK1 and HOK2), the LREEs are relatively enriched. All the hydrothermal sulfide samples except HOK1 belong to Zn-rich hydrothermal sulfide. In comparison with Zn-rich hydrothermal sulfides from other fields, the contents of Zn, Pb, Ag, Cd, Au and Hg are higher, the contents of Fe, Al, Cr, Co, Ni, Sr, Te, Cs, Ti and U lower, and the Pb-210 radioactivity ratios and Pb-210/Pb ratios very low. In the hydrothermal sulfide mainly composed of sphalerite, the correlations between rare elements Hf and U, and Hf and Mn as well as that between dispersive elements Ga and Zn, are strongly positive; also the contents of Au and Ag are related to Fe-sulfide, because the low temperature promotes enrichment of Au and Ag. Meanwhile, the positive correlations between Fe and Bi and between Zn and Cd are not affected by the change of mineral assemblage. Based on the Pb-210/Pb ratios of hydrothermal sulfide samples (3.99x10(-5)-5.42x10(-5)), their U isotopic composition (U-238 content 1.15-2.53 ppm, U-238 activity 1.07-1.87 dpm/g, U-234 activity 1.15-2.09 dpm/g and U-234/U-238 ratio 1.07-1.14) and their Th-232 and Th-230 contents are at base level, and the chronological age of hydrothermal sulfide at Jade site in the Okinawa Trough is between 200 and 2000 yr.

Genesis of Th-230 excess in basalts from mid-ocean ridges and ocean islands: Constraints from the global U-series isotope database and major and rare earth element geochemistry

Based on Th-230-U-238 disequilibrium and major element data from mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs) and ocean island basalts (OIBs), this study calculates mantle melting parameters, and thereby investigates the origin of Th-230 excess. (Th-230/U-238) in global MORBs shows a positive correlation with Fe-8, P (o), Na-8, and F-melt (Fe-8 and Na-8 are FeO and Na2O contents respectively after correction for crustal fractionation relative to MgO = 8 wt%, P (o)=pressure of initial melting and F (melt)=degree of melt), while Th-230 excess in OIBs has no obvious correlation with either initial mantle melting depth or the average degree of mantle melting. Furthermore, compared with the MORBs, higher (Th-230/U-238) in OIBs actually corresponds to a lower melting degree. This suggests that the Th-230 excess in MORBs is controlled by mantle melting conditions, while the Th-230 excess in OIBs is more likely related to the deep garnet control. The vast majority of calculated initial melting pressures of MORBs with excess Th-230 are between 1.0 and 2.5 GPa, which is consistent with the conclusion from experiments in recent years that D (U)> D (Th) for Al-clinopyroxene at pressures of > 1.0 GPa. The initial melting pressure of OIBs is 2.2-3.5 GPa (around the spinel-garnet transition zone), with their low excess Ra-226 compared to MORBs also suggesting a deeper mantle source. Accordingly, excess Th-230 in MORBs and OIBs may be formed respectively in the spinel and garnet stability field. In addition, there is no obvious correlation of K2O/TiO2 with (Th-230/U-238) and initial melting pressure (P (o)) of MORBs, so it is proposed that the melting depth producing excess Th-230 does not tap the spinel-garnet transition zone. OIBs and MORBs in both (Th-230/U-238) vs. K2O/TiO2 and (Th-230/U-238) vs. P (o) plots fall in two distinct areas, indicating that the mineral phases which dominate their excess Th-230 are different. Ce/Yb-Ce curves of fast and slow ridge MORBs are similar, while, in comparison, the Ce/Yb-Ce curve for OIBs shows more influence from garnet. The mechanisms generating excess Th-230 in MORBs and OIBs are significantly different, with formation of excess Th-230 in the garnet zone only being suitable for OIBs.