Quantificação de fluxos de mercúrio gasoso na interface solo/atmosfera utilizando câmara de fluxo dinâmica: aplicação na bacia do Rio Negro

Gaseous mercury sampling conditions were optimized and a dynamic flux chamber was used to measure the air/surface exchange of mercury in some areas of the Negro river basin with different vegetal coverings. At the two forest sites (flooding and non-flooding), low mercury fluxes were observed: maximum of 3 pmol m-2 h-1 - day and minimum of -1 pmol m-2 h-1 - night. At the deforested site, the mercury fluxes were higher and always positive: maximum of 26 pmol m-2 h-1 - day and 17 pmol m-2 h-1 - night. Our results showed that deforestation could be responsible for significantly increasing soil Hg emissions, mainly because of the high soil temperatures reached at deforested sites.

Construção de câmara de luz ultravioleta para fotopolimerização de fases estacionárias monolíticas

The assembly of a photochemical reactor with six fluorescent lamps, used for photopolymerizations is described. This chamber presents a mobile support, allowing the placement of samples at different heights and a safety lock that interrupts the radiation, if it is opened during operation. The mirrored internal walls avoid the dispersion and non-uniform distribution of light. There is no high heating because the own character of the used lamps. All parts could be purchased in commerce with less than U$ 150,00. This reactor was successfully used for monolithic stationary phase photopolymerization.

Construção de uma câmara para monitoramento in situ do processo de secagem de geis e sólidos porosos

The present work deals with the design and construction of an equipment for studying the drying process of gels and solids. The equipment was built using mainly a commercial oven and others peripherals for programmed control of temperature, humidity and data acquisition. The system allows the in situ monitoring of the gel drying, registering the weight loss, and the shrinkage of sample and the oven temperatures. This set of allowed parameters makes possible to establish the main steps involved in the drying of meso and nanostructured porous materials.

Desenvolvimento de dispositivo caseiro para dessalinização de água salobra a partir de sementes de umbu (Spondias tuberosa Arruda Câmara)

The goal of this work was to develop a homemade device to desalinate brackish water, using biological material like seeds from different plant species of the semi arid regions. Umbu seeds (Spondias tuberosa Arruda Câmara) were found to be the most appropriate material, removing a higher quantity of salt from the water compared to the other tested materials. The salt content in 1 L of brackish water typical of the region can be removed with only 1 g of the material, if the water is heated to 50 °C and it may also lower the water hardness, achieving drinking water standards.

Determinação de parâmetros cinéticos em fluxo com câmara de gradiente e deteção espectrofotométrica: aplicação à reação entre o violeta de cristal e o ião hidróxido

A didactic experiment is proposed aimed to extend the Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) based methodology to the area of physical chemistry/chemical reactors for undergraduate labs. Our prime objective was to describe the use of a gradient chamber for determination of the rate constant for the reaction between crystal violet and the hydroxide ion. The study was complemented by determining the effect of temperature on the rate constant. The kinetic parameters, activation energy and reaction rate constant are determined based on an assumption of rate orders. The main didactic advantages of the proposed experimental set-up are the use of less reagents, contributing to a more environmental friendly experiment. The experiment illustrates also the reduction of associated errors and time by using automated analysis owing to decreased operator manipulation.

Câmara de volatilização: uma alternativa para avaliação da eficiência de amostragem de α- e β-endossulfam em fase gasosa

The efficiency of XAD®-2 resin in sampling the pesticides α and β-endosulfan from air contaminated in the laboratory was evaluated. Sampling efficiency ranged from 87 to 108% for α-endosulfan and from 71 to 84% for β-endosulfan with relative standard deviation lower than 19%. The pesticides were not detected in the second section of the cartridge showing the good retention capacity of XAD®-2 for these analytes. Method quantification limits were 0.32 and 0.34 µg m-3 for α and β-endosulfan, respectively. These results suggest that the proposed method may be useful for evaluating occupational exposure to these compounds.

Predação e remoção de sementes de cinco espécies de palmeiras por Guerlinguetus ingrami (Thomas, 1901) em um fragmento urbano de Floresta Atlântica Montana

Em um fragmento urbano de Floresta Ombrófila Densa Montana no Estado do Espírito Santo (Sudeste do Brasil), foram avaliados o padrão de frugivoria e as proporções de remoção, predação e armazenamento de frutos por Guerlinguetus ingrami, em relação a cinco espécies de palmeira (Syagrus pseudococos, S. ruschiana, Bactris setosa, Polyandrococos caudescens e Euterpe edulis). As espécies de Arecaceae enquadram-se na síndrome associada à dispersão por G. ingrami, na qual as espécies de plantas apresentam alta produção, grandes frutos com poucas sementes envolvidas por endocarpos resistentes e que não são usadas por outros predadores de sementes arborícolas. Os resultados apontaram que existem diferenças no padrão de frugivoria da espécie G. ingrami quando comparadas com as de espécies com a mesma síndrome; aquelas que possuem frutos maiores apresentaram maior taxa de remoção e de armazenamento de seus diásporos. E, devido à especificidade exibida por G. ingrami na atividade de dispersão de sementes, este roedor deverá atuar apenas em trocas compensatórias específicas em pequenos fragmentos defaunados. Portanto, a seletividade de G. ingrami poderia indicar que o seu papel como dispersor em pequenos fragmentos estaria restrito em função da maior probabilidade de mortalidade associada às plantas preferencialmente dispersas por essa espécie, e sua atuação como predador de sementes deve ser quantificada para que os seus efeitos, em pequenos fragmentos, sejam mais bem compreendidos.

Kertomus Suomen Syklistiliiton toiminnasta 1900-1901

14 x 21 cm

Bidrag till kännedomen om Lojo sockens klimat - 1, Snöförhållandena vintern 1901-1902

Öfvertryck ur Geografiska Föreningens tidskrift 1903.