Georgia y el futuro del Cáucaso

El proceso de independencia seguido por la República de Georgia a partir de 1991, provocó un grave deterioro de la situación social, económica y política del país si se compara con las condiciones que mantuvo como república federada en el seno de la Unión Soviética. En efecto, en 1993 Georgia ocupaba la posición 49 del Índice de Desarrollo Humano elaborado por el PNUD, con un Producto Interior Bruto per cápita en Paridad de Poder Adquisitivo (PIB en PPA) de 4.572 $, cuando Rusia ocupaba la posición 37 con un PIB en PPA de 7.968 $, catorce años más tarde, en 2007 Georgia se situaba en la posición 96 con un PIB en PPA de 3.365 $ y Rusia se encontraba en la posición 67 con un PIB en PPA de 10.845 $. Pero Rusia sigue siendo uno de los principales proveedores comerciales y energéticos de Georgia y su principal cliente. Ello provoca una fuerte dependencia económica del gigante ruso cuyas decisivas consecuencias políticas y estratégicas en las relaciones con el Kremlin, las autoridades de Tbilisi no pueden ignorar sin correr el riesgo de provocar una grave quiebra económica y social para su país.

Electroencephalogram based Causality Graph Analysis in Behavior Tasks of Parkinson’s Disease Patients

Electroencephalographic (EEG) signals of the human brains represent electrical activities for a number of channels recorded over a the scalp. The main purpose of this thesis is to investigate the interactions and causality of different parts of a brain using EEG signals recorded during a performance subjects of verbal fluency tasks. Subjects who have Parkinson's Disease (PD) have difficulties with mental tasks, such as switching between one behavior task and another. The behavior tasks include phonemic fluency, semantic fluency, category semantic fluency and reading fluency. This method uses verbal generation skills, activating different Broca's areas of the Brodmann's areas (BA44 and BA45). Advanced signal processing techniques are used in order to determine the activated frequency bands in the granger causality for verbal fluency tasks. The graph learning technique for channel strength is used to characterize the complex graph of Granger causality. Also, the support vector machine (SVM) method is used for training a classifier between two subjects with PD and two healthy controls. Neural data from the study was recorded at the Colorado Neurological Institute (CNI). The study reveals significant difference between PD subjects and healthy controls in terms of brain connectivities in the Broca's Area BA44 and BA45 corresponding to EEG electrodes. The results in this thesis also demonstrate the possibility to classify based on the flow of information and causality in the brain of verbal fluency tasks. These methods have the potential to be applied in the future to identify pathological information flow and causality of neurological diseases.

When Wells Run Dry: Water and Tourism Along the Western Coast of Nicaragua

This dissertation uses a political ecology approach to examine the relationship between tourism development and groundwater in southwest Nicaragua. Tourism in Nicaragua is a booming industry bolstered by ‘unspoiled’ natural beauty, low crime rates, and government incentives. This growth has led to increased infrastructure, revenue, and employment opportunities for many local communities along the Pacific coast. Not surprisingly, it has also brought concomitant issues of deeper poverty, widening gaps between rich and poor, and competition over natural resources. Adequate provisions of freshwater are necessary to sustain the production and reproduction of tourism; however, it remains uncertain if groundwater supplies can keep pace with demand. The objective of this research is to assess water supply availability amidst tourism development in the Playa Gigante area. It addresses the questions: 1) are local groundwater supplies sufficient to sustain the demand for freshwater imposed by increased tourism development? and 2) is there a power relationship between tourism development and control over local freshwater that would prove inequitable to local populations? Integrating the findings of groundwater monitoring, geological mapping, and ethnographic and survey research from a representative stretch of Pacific coastline, this dissertation shows that diminishing recharge and increased groundwater consumption is creating conflict between stakeholders with various levels of knowledge, power, and access. Although national laws are structured to protect the environment and ensure equitable access to groundwater, the current scramble to secure water has powerful implications on social relations and power structures associated with tourism development. This dissertation concludes that marginalization due to environmental degradation is attributable to the nexus of a political promotion of tourism, poorly enforced state water policies, insufficient water research, and climate change. Greater technical attention to hydrological dynamics and collaboration amongst stakeholders are necessary for equitable access to groundwater, environmental sustainability, and profitability of tourism.

El edificio Legorburo de Albacete. De la euforia de una decisión a la penuria de una situación

El único ejemplo claro de Modernidad en la ciudad de Albacete (y así lo registra el Docomomo Ibérico) es el Edificio Legorburo en la calle Mayor, 43 esquina a Marqués de Molíns, un proyecto de comercio y viviendas de 1935 de los arquitectos José Luis García Pellicer y Baldomero Pérez Villena. Paradigma del más depurado racionalismo, rotundo, pero discreto, representa en Albacete, en el cruce de la calle Ancha, nuevo eje burgués, con una calle histórica y mirando hacia el Parque, lo que el Edificio Capitol en la Gran Vía madrileña. Pero, además de su posición y composición, encierra toda una serie de lecciones que nos proponemos desentrañar. Una de ellas es que el proyecto es resultado de un concurso convocado por la propiedad, en 1935, a través del Colegio de Arquitectos de Valencia, lo cual llama poderosamente la atención sobre el procedimiento del encargo y sobre el proceder de los promotores. Otra es la auténtica aventura que su construcción supone, arrancando a finales de 1935, quedando paralizada por la guerra y sobreviviendo a continuación a base de reinventarse hasta 1946 en que se concluye. Los cambios entre proyecto y obra evidencian ese ejercicio, apasionante y dramático, de ir repensando el proyecto una y otra vez para poderlo construir con los materiales y recursos disponibles en cada momento. El Edificio Legorburo es un magnífico exponente de la idea corbuseriana de la arquitectura como juego sabio y soberbio de los volúmenes bajo la luz pues es la plasticidad de sus cuerpos, muy matizados, la que le confiere su fuerza y elegancia casi mendelsohnianas. Estos cuerpos, acusados por sus respectivos planos, son tres: el principal y de mayor vuelo de los pisos, que resuelve la esquina en curva así como las transiciones con ésta y con las medianeras; el del bajo que, ajustándose a la alineación oficial, emerge sobre el principal en la esquina, como un faro que iluminara la ciudad con su linterna; y el de transición entre ambos, de vuelo intermedio, en el entresuelo y sobreático, flancos de la torre y medianeras. Este juego de volúmenes acusa un sinfín de matices resueltos con gran clase, como la transformación del mirador de la esquina en balcón, donde asienta la torre y se derrama luego a los costados, o el descenso hasta el bajo de la torre. El tratamiento de superficies insiste en este concepto escultural: las estrías verticales que simulan un orden gigante de pilastras, las franjas horizontales que delinean y subrayan las curvas, los antepechos de los huecos con cuadrados almohadillados... Todo está exquisitamente cuidado, trabajado y pensado. Las plantas, modélicas, albergan dos viviendas por piso con sus zonas de día recayentes a fachada y sus servicios a medianeras, en cuyo centro se aloja una majestuosa escalera elíptica y un patio que absorbe las irregularidades del trazado. Todas estas razones (funcional, impecablemente resuelta; técnica, ingeniosamente conseguida; formal, espectacularmente consumada y el entendimiento del lugar), tienen especial validez en el contexto actual puesto que son auténticas y genuinas lecciones de arquitectura.

Avaliação térmica provocada pela furação no tecido ósseo

Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o efeito da temperatura no osso devido ao aquecimento provocado pelo processo de furação. Foram realizadas visitas a duas clínicas para acompanhamento da técnica de implantologia dentária e recolhidas imagens termográficas para a leitura da temperatura gerada na broca após o processo de furação. Na colocação de implantes dentários por exemplo, as variáveis que interferem no processo de furação do osso são: a velocidade, o material, o diâmetro, o comprimento e a geometria da ponta da broca. Com este trabalho pretende-se verificar, experimental e numericamente, as variáveis que interferem no aquecimento da estrutura óssea. Para isso, são utilizados materiais compósitos com características similares ao osso cortical e trabecular. A metodologia apresentada revela-se útil e diferenciadora de outros trabalhos, pois são utilizados materiais com características similares aos materiais in vivo. Os métodos experimentais utilizados em laboratório são baseados nas técnicas de termografia e termopares durante a furação dos diferentes materiais. Paralelamente, são utilizados modelos teóricos numéricos, com o recurso à técnica de elementos finitos, para a discussão de resultados. Após a elaboração do trabalho conclui-se que a temperatura na broca é superior à temperatura no osso e aumenta consoante a estrutura do material, isto é, se o material possuir cavidades na sua estrutura a temperatura na broca não é tão elevada como no material compacto.

The differential evolution of hot- and cold-dust in galaxies in the last 7.5 GYR

Tese de mestrado em Física, apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Ciências, 2016

Histoire du Collége de Rodez,

Mode of access: Internet.

Viage del comandante Byron al rededor del mundo hecho ultimamente de orden del almirantazgo de Inglaterra : en el qual se da noticia de varios paises, de las costumbres de sus habitantes, de las plantas y animales estraños que se crian en ellos, juntamente con una descripcion muy circunstanciada del estrecho de Magallanes y de cierta nacion de gigantes, llamados Patagones, con una lamina fina que los representa /

MTSD 37.

Des anévrysmes et de leur traitement /

Mode of access: Internet.

Atlas d'anatomie descriptive du corps humain /

Contiene : 1a. parte. Ostéologie, syndesmologie, myologie 2a. parte. Coeur, artères, veines, vaisseaux lymphatiques et aponévroses 3a. parte. Appareil de la digestion, appareil surrénal, rein 4a. parte. Appareil génito-urinaire, organes de la respiration.

Atlas d'anatomie descriptive du corps humain /

Vol. 2 y 3 editados por Victor Masson.

Traité des tumeurs /

Contiene: Tome 1. Des tumeurs en général, [4], XVI, 595 p. ; Tome 2. Des tumeurs en particulier, [4], 540 p.

Viage del comandante Byron al rededor del mundo, hecho ultimamente de orden del almirantazgo de Inglaterra : en el qual se da noticia de varios paises de las costumbres de sus habitantes, de las plantas, y animales estraños que se crian en ellos, juntamente con una descripcion muy circunstanciada del Estrecho de Magallanes, y de cierta nacion de gigantes, llamados Patagones, con una lamina fina que los representa /

Contiene con portada y pag. propias: Resumen historico del primer viage hecho al rededor del mundo, emprendido por Hernando de Magallanes, y llevado felizmente á termino por el famoso capitan español Juan Sebastian del Cano ... / su autor ... Casimiro de Ortega ...

Principal component analysis and assessment of language network activation patterns in pediatric epilepsy

This dissertation establishes a novel data-driven method to identify language network activation patterns in pediatric epilepsy through the use of the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). A total of 122 subjects’ data sets from five different hospitals were included in the study through a web-based repository site designed here at FIU. Research was conducted to evaluate different classification and clustering techniques in identifying hidden activation patterns and their associations with meaningful clinical variables. The results were assessed through agreement analysis with the conventional methods of lateralization index (LI) and visual rating. What is unique in this approach is the new mechanism designed for projecting language network patterns in the PCA-based decisional space. Synthetic activation maps were randomly generated from real data sets to uniquely establish nonlinear decision functions (NDF) which are then used to classify any new fMRI activation map into typical or atypical. The best nonlinear classifier was obtained on a 4D space with a complexity (nonlinearity) degree of 7. Based on the significant association of language dominance and intensities with the top eigenvectors of the PCA decisional space, a new algorithm was deployed to delineate primary cluster members without intensity normalization. In this case, three distinct activations patterns (groups) were identified (averaged kappa with rating 0.65, with LI 0.76) and were characterized by the regions of: (1) the left inferior frontal Gyrus (IFG) and left superior temporal gyrus (STG), considered typical for the language task; (2) the IFG, left mesial frontal lobe, right cerebellum regions, representing a variant left dominant pattern by higher activation; and (3) the right homologues of the first pattern in Broca's and Wernicke's language areas. Interestingly, group 2 was found to reflect a different language compensation mechanism than reorganization. Its high intensity activation suggests a possible remote effect on the right hemisphere focus on traditionally left-lateralized functions. In retrospect, this data-driven method provides new insights into mechanisms for brain compensation/reorganization and neural plasticity in pediatric epilepsy.

Principal Component Analysis and Assessment of Language Network Activation Patterns in Pediatric Epilepsy

This dissertation establishes a novel data-driven method to identify language network activation patterns in pediatric epilepsy through the use of the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). A total of 122 subjects’ data sets from five different hospitals were included in the study through a web-based repository site designed here at FIU. Research was conducted to evaluate different classification and clustering techniques in identifying hidden activation patterns and their associations with meaningful clinical variables. The results were assessed through agreement analysis with the conventional methods of lateralization index (LI) and visual rating. What is unique in this approach is the new mechanism designed for projecting language network patterns in the PCA-based decisional space. Synthetic activation maps were randomly generated from real data sets to uniquely establish nonlinear decision functions (NDF) which are then used to classify any new fMRI activation map into typical or atypical. The best nonlinear classifier was obtained on a 4D space with a complexity (nonlinearity) degree of 7. Based on the significant association of language dominance and intensities with the top eigenvectors of the PCA decisional space, a new algorithm was deployed to delineate primary cluster members without intensity normalization. In this case, three distinct activations patterns (groups) were identified (averaged kappa with rating 0.65, with LI 0.76) and were characterized by the regions of: 1) the left inferior frontal Gyrus (IFG) and left superior temporal gyrus (STG), considered typical for the language task; 2) the IFG, left mesial frontal lobe, right cerebellum regions, representing a variant left dominant pattern by higher activation; and 3) the right homologues of the first pattern in Broca's and Wernicke's language areas. Interestingly, group 2 was found to reflect a different language compensation mechanism than reorganization. Its high intensity activation suggests a possible remote effect on the right hemisphere focus on traditionally left-lateralized functions. In retrospect, this data-driven method provides new insights into mechanisms for brain compensation/reorganization and neural plasticity in pediatric epilepsy.