Clinical and laboratory findings of Plasmodium vivax malaria in Colombia, 2001

A descriptive study was carried out in 104 patients with Plasmodium vivax malaria, from the region of Turbo (Antioquia, Colombia). Clinical features and levels of hemoglobin, glycemia, serum bilirubin, alanine-aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate-aminotransferase (AST), creatinine and complete blood cell profile were established. 65% of the studied individuals were men and their mean age was 23. Of all individuals 59% had lived in the region for > 1 year and 91% were resident in the rural area. 42% were farmers and 35% had a history of malaria. The mean parasitaemia was 5865 parasites/mm³. The evolution of the disease was short (average of 4.0 days). Fever, headache and chills were observed simultaneously in 91% of the cases while the most frequent signs were palmar pallor (46%), jaundice (15%), hepatomegaly (17%), and spleen enlargement (12%). Anemia was found in 39% of the women and in 51% of the men, 8% of individuals had thrombocytopaenia and 41% had hypoglycemia.

Smart Plastic Antibody Material for Hemoglobin Tailored by Silica Surface Imprinting and with Charged Binding Sites: Its use as Ionophore in Potentiometric Transduction

JORNADAS DE ELECTROQUÍMICA E INOVAÇÃO 2013

Fatal disseminated paracoccidioidomycosis in a two-year-old child

A two year-old female child was admitted at the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit in a septic shock associated with a lymphoproliferative syndrome, with history of fever, adynamia and weight loss during the last two months. On admission, the main clinical and laboratory manifestations were: pallor, jaundice, disseminated enlarged lymph nodes, hepatosplenomegaly, crusted warts on face, anemia, eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, increased direct and indirect bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and gammaglutamyl transpeptidase. A parenteral administration of fluids, dobutamine and mechanical ventilation was started, without improvement of the clinical conditions. A direct examination of exsudate collected from cervical lymph node revealed numerous oval-to-around cells with multiple budding, like a "pilot wheel" cell, suggesting Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Even though treatment with intravenous sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprine was soon started, the child died 36 hours after hospital admission. Disseminated paracoccidioidomycosis was confirmed in the autopsy. This is the youngest case of paracoccidioidomycosis in children reported in the literature.

Paracoccidioidomycosis in children: clinical presentation, follow-up and outcome

From February, 1981 to May, 2001, 63 children under 15 y old (ages 2 - 15 y, median = 8 y, mean ± 1 SD = 8 ± 3 y) presenting 70 episodes of Paracoccidioidomycosis were admitted. The main clinical manifestations and laboratory features observed upon admission were: lymph node enlargement (87.1%), fever (75.7%), weakness (48.6%), pallor (41.4%), hepatomegaly (40%), splenomegaly (35.7%), anemia (90%), hypergammaglobulinemia (88.5%), eosinophilia (75.5%) and hypoalbuminemia (72.5%). Moderate to severe malnutrition was detected in 35.7% of the episodes (Gomez's criterion). Radiographic and technetium studies showed bone lesions in 20 of the episodes, most of them being multiple lytic lesions, involving both long (70%) and plain bones (30%). First line treatment consisted of an association of sulfametoxazole-trimethoprin, which was used, exclusively, in 50 episodes. Follow-up of hemoglobin levels, number of eosinophils in the peripheral blood, albumin and gammaglobulin serum levels revealed significant sequential improvement one and six months after hospital admission, being quite useful to evaluate treatment effectiveness. Six patients died (9.3%) and four developed sequelae (6.3%) . In conclusion, the juvenile and disseminated forms can be observed in about 70% of the episodes of PCM occurring in children younger than 15 y old, most of them presenting with a febrile lymphoproliferative syndrome associated to anemia, eosinophilia and hypergammaglobulinemia.

Mixomas Cardíacos, 13 Anos de Experiência no seu Diagnóstico Ecocardiográfico

INTRODUCTION: Transthoracic echocardiography is the method of choice for the diagnosis of cardiac myxomas, but the transesophageal approach provides a better definition of the location and characteristics of the tumor. The authors review their thirteen years' experience on the echocardiographic diagnosis of this pathology. METHODS: From 1994 to 2007, 41 cardiac tumors were diagnosed in our echocardiographic laboratory, of which 27 (65.85%) were cardiac myxomas. The exams and the patients' clinical files were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Of the 27 patients, 22 (81.5%) were female, with a mean age of 62.1 +/- 13.6 years (25-84 years). The predominant clinical features were due to the obstruction caused by the tumor in more than two thirds of the patients, followed by constitutional symptoms in one third and embolic events in 30%. In the lab results, anemia was found in three patients and elevated sedimentation rate and CRP in two. In two patients the myxoma was found by chance. All the cases were of the sporadic type, although we found a prevalence of thyroid disease of 14% (4 patients). All patients underwent urgent surgical resection except one, in whom surgery was refused due to advanced age and comorbidities. The myxomas followed a typical distribution with 24 (88.8%) located in the left atrium, 18 of them attached to the atrial septum (AS) and two to the mitral valve. In one patient, the tumor involved both atria. The other two cases originated in the right atrium at the AS. Embolic phenomena were more frequent in small tumors (p = 0.027) and in those with a villous appearance (p = 0.032). Obstructive manifestations were associated with larger tumors (p = 0.046) and larger left atria (p = 0.048). In our series, there were no deaths during hospitalization or in the follow-up period of 5.2 +/- 3.7 years in 19 patients. There were two recurrences, both patients being successfully reoperated. CONCLUSION: Myxoma is the most common cardiac tumor. Transesophageal echocardiography provides excellent morphologic definition, aiding in diagnosis and follow-up. Most clinical manifestations are obstructive and are associated with larger tumors. Small tumors with a friable appearance have a higher chance of embolization. Surgical resection is usually curative and the long-term prognosis is excellent.

Carrion's disease (Bartonellosis bacilliformis) confirmed by histopathology in the High Forest of Peru

Bartonellosis or Carrion's disease is endemic in some regions of Peru, classically found in the inter-Andean valleys located between 500 and 3200 meters above sea level. We report the case of a 43 year-old male patient, farmer, who was born in the Pichanaki district (Chanchamayo, Junin), located in the High Forest of Peru. He presented with disseminated, raised, erythematous cutaneous lesions, some of which bled. The distribution of these lesions included the nasal mucosa and penile region. Additionally subcutaneous nodules were distributed over the trunk and extremities. Hematologic exams showed a moderate anemia. Serologic studies for HIV and Treponema pallidum were negative. The histopathologic results of two biopsies were compatible with Peruvian wart. Oral treatment with ciprofloxacin (500 mg BID) was begun. Over 10 days, the patient showed clinical improvement. This is the first report of a confirmed case of bartonellosis in the eruptive phase originating from the Peruvian High Forest, showing the geographical expansion of the Carrion's disease.

Dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome in an adolescent during treatment during of leprosy

A 12 y old girl was admitted 24 days after start a WHO multidrug therapy scheme for multibacillary leprosy (dapsone, clofazimine and rifampicin) with intense jaundice, generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatoesplenomegaly, oral erosions, conjunctivitis, morbiliform rash and edema of face, ankles and hands. The main laboratory data on admission included: hemoglobin, 8.4 g/dL; WBC, 15,710 cells/mm³; platelet count, 100,000 cells/mm³; INR = 1.49; increased serum levels of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, direct and indirect bilirubin. Following, the clinical conditions had deteriorated, developing exfoliative dermatitis, shock, generalized edema, acute renal and hepatic failure, pancytopenia, intestinal bleeding, pneumonia, urinary tract infection and bacteremia, needing adrenergic drugs, replacement of fluids and blood product components, and antibiotics. Ten days after admission she started to improve, and was discharged to home at day 39th, after start new supervised treatment for leprosy with clofazimine and rifampicin, without adverse effects. This presentation fulfils the criteria for the diagnosis of dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome (fever, generalized lymphadenopathy, exfoliative rash, anemia and liver involvement with mixed hepatocellular and cholestatic features). Physicians, mainly in geographical areas with high prevalence rates of leprosy, should be aware to this severe, and probably not so rare, hypersensitivity reaction to dapsone.

Ondas de Calor. Impacto Sobre a Saúde

Durante o Verão de 2003, a Europa ocidental foi afectada por uma onda de calor sem precedentes, que provocou milhares de mortos. As ondas de calor são fenómenos climatéricos esporádicos mas recorrentes, caracterizadas por períodos de calor intenso, com duração de vários dias, e associadas a aumento da morbilidade e da mortalidade. A principal causa de morte directamente atribuível ao calor é o golpe de calor, mas uma onda de calor provoca um aumento da mortalidade por todas as causas, sobretudo por doença cardiovascular e respiratória. Os estudos epidemiológicos revelam que o excesso de óbitos associado ao calor se concentra em grupos de risco definidos. Os idosos, os doentes crónicos e os indivíduos socialmente isolados são particularmente vulneráveis. O ar condicionado é o principal factor protector contra os efeitos pejorativos do calor sobre a saúde. As ondas de calor têm efeitos sobre a saúde indirectos, determinando a descompensação de uma doença crónica, ou directos, provocando doenças relacionadas com o calor (DRC). As DRC clássicas incluem, por ordem de gravidade crescente, exantemas, cãibras, síncope, exaustão pelo calor e golpe de calor. O golpe de calor é uma emergência médica caracterizada pela instalação súbita de hipertermia e disfunção neurológica central. O tratamento do golpe de calor consiste em arrefecimento corporal imediato e medidas de suporte de funções vitais. Mesmo com terapêutica agressiva, a mortalidade do golpe de calor é elevada e as sequelas neurológicas são frequentes nos sobreviventes. A mortalidade e morbilidade associadas às ondas de calor podem ser prevenidas através da adopção de medidas comportamentais individuais, como a utilização de ar condicionado e o aumento da ingestão de líquidos. O desenvolvimento de sistemas de alerta e planos de intervenção e a redução do stress térmico no ambiente constituem outras medidas adaptativas. No futuro, prevê-se um acréscimo da mortalidade relacionada com o calor devido ao envelhecimento populacional e crescimento da população urbana e ao antecipado aumento do número e da intensidade das ondas de calor determinado pelo aquecimento global. As consequências sanitárias de futuras ondas de calor poderão ser limitadas através de melhoramentos dos sistemas de vigilância e intervenção. É essencial que os profissionais de saúde estejam preparados para reconhecer, prevenir e tratar as DRC e para coordenar esforços com as autoridades locais de saúde.

Aplasias Medulares Congénitas

Las aplasias medulares congénitas constituyen un grupo heterogéneo de enfermedades que se caracterizan por insuficiencia medular, asociadas frecuentemente a una o más anomalías somáticas y con riesgo elevado de neoplasias.Son enfermedades raras, generalmente diagnosticadas en la edad pediátrica, y con una mortalidad prematura importante. Los autores presentan 11 casos de aplasia medular congénita,8 deanemia de Fanconiy 3 de disqueratosis congénita. Estos casos fueron diagnosticados en los últimos 14anõs en el Hospital de Dona Estefânia.

Frequency and risk factors for toxocariasis in children from a pediatric outpatient center in southeastern Brazil

To estimate the frequency of anti-Toxocara sp. antibodies, and evaluate factors associated with this infection, sera from 242 male and female children, aged from one to fifteen years old, attended at the Hospital of the Federal University of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, were analyzed by ELISA. Information on the patients was collected and registered using an investigative questionnaire, and details on possible clinical alterations were obtained from the medical charts of 187 patients. Of a total of 242 samples, 21 (8.7%) were positive for anti-Toxocara sp. antibodies. The presence of dogs and cats and the school variable (place of contact), appeared to be significantly associated (p < 0.05) with a positive serology. Respiratory symptoms and eosinophil counts greater than 20% also showed a positive statistical correlation with a positive serology for Toxocara sp.. Factors such as sex and age, and symptoms like headache, stomach ache, convulsive crises and anemia were not associated with toxocariasis.

Diarreia de Causa Particular num Indivíduo Imunocompetente?

A colite a citomegalovírus em imunocompetentes é rara. Existe evidência que causa morbilidade e mortalidade nos imunocomprometidos. Os autores descrevem o caso de uma doente de 75 anos, admitida por diarreia com sangue, com 4 semanas de evolução com antecedentes de Diabetes Mellitus, Insuficiência cardíaca e renal crónica. Ao exame objectivo apresentava-se descorada, desidratada, hipotensa, com insuficiência cardíaca descompensada, abdómen indolor. Laboratorialmente verificou-se anemia, insuficiência renal crónica agudizada com acidose metabólica e aumento da proteína C reactiva. Após estabilização procedeu-se a investigação tendo realizado vários exames dos quais colonoscopia total que mostrou: mucosa de aspecto edemaciado e hiperemiado com úlceras de diferentes tamanhos, com distribuição segmentar, atingindo todo o cólon. O exame anatomo-patológico revelou: colite a citomegalovírus. A doente realizou terapêutica com ganciclovir com melhoria clínica, endoscópica e histológica.

Molecular detection of "Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum" in a lion (Panthera leo) from a brazilian zoological garden

Although Mycoplasma haemofelis and "Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum" infections have been reported in wild cats from United States, their presence among native and captive wild cats in Brazil is still unknown. A 12 year old healthy male lion (Panthera leo) from the Zoological Garden of Curitiba, Brazil was anesthetized for transportation and dental evaluation. A blood sample was obtained for a complete blood cell count (CBC) and PCR analysis. DNA was extracted and fragments of Mycoplasma haemofelis and "Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum" 16S ribosomal RNA gene were amplified in PCR assays. CBC results were within reference intervals. A weak band of 192 pb for "Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum" was observed, and no band was amplified from Mycoplasma haemofelis reaction. A weak PCR band associated with normal CBC results and without visible parasitemia or clinical signs may suggest a chronic subclinical infection with "Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum". The lack of clinical signs may also represent the low pathogenicity of this organism; however, it is noteworthy that immune suppression caused by management and/or corticoids treatment may induce parasitemia and anemia in this animal. This detection suggests further studies in captive wild cats in Brazilian Zoological Gardens.

A Estenose Intracraniana na Doença das Células Falciformes

O Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) pode ter como origem a perturbação da circulação causada por estenose intracraniana. A Doença das Células Falciformes (DCF) é uma doença hematológica grave, mais frequente na raça negra. Caracteriza-se por alterações da configuração eritrocitária, que surge sobretudo na microcirculação, condicionando redução do lúmen arterial e vasculopatia intracraniana, sendo avaliada por Doppler Transcraniano. Avaliação da prevalência de estenose intracraniana e risco de AVC nos doentes pediátricos com DCF, seguidos em consulta de Hematologia dos Hospitais Dona Estefânia e Fernando Fonseca, durante três anos. No período compreendido entre 1 de Janeiro de 2009 e 30 de Novembro de 2011 foram avaliadas 97 crianças e adolescentes (idade <18 anos). Para o diagnóstico de estenose foi usado um Ecógrafo com sonda de 2 MHz realizando o Exame Ultrassonográfico Trancraniano Codificado a Cores (ECODTC). Para análise dos parâmetros hemodinâmicos procedeu-se de acordo com o STOP (Stroke Prevention Trial in Sickle Anemia) que estratificou intervalos hemodinâmicos para Artéria Cerebral Média, a TAMM (Time-Average Mean of Maximum Velocity), classificando-se assim o risco de AVC em “Baixo ”(< 170cm/s), “Moderado”(170 e 200cm/s) e “Elevado”(>200cm/s). Foram efectuadas reavaliações em 12, 6 a 3 meses ou 1 mês de acordo com os dados encontrados. Os 97 doentes estudados (57 sexo masculino e 40 sexo feminino) tinham idades entre os 2 e os 18 anos (média de 10,07). Ao longo dos três anos documentaram-se 6 doentes com risco Elevado, 16 com risco Moderado e os restantes 75 com Baixo risco para AVC. A prevalência de estenose intracraniana é de 22,3% (risco Moderado e risco Elevado) e de 6,2% para doentes com risco Elevado de AVC. Dos 6 doentes que apresentaram risco Elevado para AVC, 4 iniciaram Regime Transfusional Regular (RTR), 1 foi medicado com hidroxiureia e 1 fez tratamento standard. No período estudado, apenas 1 doente teve AVC, após interromper temporariamente RTR. No grupo de doentes de risco Moderado nenhum sofreu AVC e no de Baixo risco 1 encontrava-se a fazer hidroxiureia e 2 doentes sofreram AVC mas antes de realizarem periodicamente ECODTC, encontrando-se sob RTR. A avaliação por ECODTC permitiu optimizar a terapêutica transfusional e o seguimento dos doentes, tendo como principal objectivo a redução da incidência de AVC e consequentes sequelas neurológicas. Agradecimento Às Unidades de Hematologia Pediátrica do Hospital Dona Estefânia e Fernando Fonseca, pelo envio dos doentes.

Ecodoppler Neurovascular em Contexto de Urgência

Em contexto de urgência o Cardiopneumologista desempenha um papel fundamental pela realização de diversos meios complementares de diagnóstico e terapêutica. Entre estes surge o Ecodoppler Neurovascular, técnica ultrassonográfica inócua, não invasiva, de fácil aplicação, que permite a obtenção de um elevado número de achados clínicos, essenciais ao encaminhamento do doente em qualquer contexto clínico. Assim este exame demonstra a sua aplicabilidade essencialmente em pacientes neurocríticos ou outros com suspeita e/ou diagnóstico de Acidente Isquémico Transitório, Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC), Hemorragia Subaracnoideia, Anemia das Células Falciformes e Hidrocefalia. Ainda em contexto de urgência o Ecodoppler Neurovascular assume real importância na orientação e tratamento de doentes da Via Verde AVC, uma das principais e preocupantes causas de morbilidade e mortalidade em todo o Mundo. A realização destes exames na prática hospitalar, neste conjunto de patologias, permite uma correcta e precoce orientação terapêutica, com consequente rentabilização de custos e melhorias na qualidade do tratamento. No entanto, é de referir que esta abordagem só é possível de acordo com a existência de equipas multidisciplinares de elevada relevância especialmente em contexto de urgência, local específico de encaminhamento de pacientes urgentes ou não urgentes. A título de conclusão a realização do exame Ecodoppler Neurovascular no Serviço de Urgência traduz um serviço de qualidade, permitindo redireccionar e encaminhar os doentes, adequando as devidas medidas diagnósticas e terapêuticas a instituir.