Linguistic aspects of speech synthesis.

The conversion of text to speech is seen as an analysis of the input text to obtain a common underlying linguistic description, followed by a synthesis of the output speech waveform from this fundamental specification. Hence, the comprehensive linguistic structure serving as the substrate for an utterance must be discovered by analysis from the text. The pronunciation of individual words in unrestricted text is determined by morphological analysis or letter-to-sound conversion, followed by specification of the word-level stress contour. In addition, many text character strings, such as titles, numbers, and acronyms, are abbreviations for normal words, which must be derived. To further refine these pronunciations and to discover the prosodic structure of the utterance, word part of speech must be computed, followed by a phrase-level parsing. From this structure the prosodic structure of the utterance can be determined, which is needed in order to specify the durational framework and fundamental frequency contour of the utterance. In discourse contexts, several factors such as the specification of new and old information, contrast, and pronominal reference can be used to further modify the prosodic specification. When the prosodic correlates have been computed and the segmental sequence is assembled, a complete input suitable for speech synthesis has been determined. Lastly, multilingual systems utilizing rule frameworks are mentioned, and future directions are characterized.

"Another Way": The Pneumatology of Deleuzean Minoritarian Communal Interpretation in Scripture, the 16th Century Radical Reformation, and Alternative 21st Century Anabaptist Community

This dissertation proposes a constructive theology of the Holy Spirit called the "pneumatology of minoritarian communal interpretation," the alternative creation of meaning within an oppressive majority context. It illustrates the convergence of Deleuzean philosophy with Anabaptist pneumatology and media communal interpretation theory in three particular locations: 1) selected mentions of the Holy Spirit in the Hebrew Bible and Christian New Testament; 2) the 16th century Radical Reformation; and 3) "Another Way," a 21st century alternative Anabaptist group focused around the spiritual discussion of art and popular media. Chapter One outlines the three theories. Chapter Two examines the Holy Spirit in the Hebrew Bible, particularly 1 Samuel 8, the book of Ezekiel, and the Gospel narratives. Chapter Three examines the pneumatological writings of the Radical Reformers, concentrating particularly on their theologies of the intersection between church and the surrounding majoritarian culture. Chapter Four outlines my original field research with Another Way, and examines the tension between minoritarian communal interpretation and the 21st century semiotic regime. Chapter Five then summarizes the conversations between theory and illustration to propose the pneumatology of minoritarian communal interpretation for Christian theology.

Quarter bill book for the Classes of 1757-1773, 1757-1769

Parchment hardcover bound volume containing quarter bill tallies for the Classes of 1757-1773 arranged first by seniority, and later alphabetically, and covering the bill period ending on March 11, 1759 through the period ending December 8, 1769. Billing categories are occasionally added or removed in the volume, including a Hebrew Grammar category in 1764, and one for the Hancock Professor in 1765. After each quarter's tallies, an additional section provides the totals for all students in each of the categories, and deductions for building repairs.

The Laws of Harvard College, 1798

Bound copy of the 1798 College Laws printed by John & Thomas Fleet, in a modern hardcover binding and once owned by Eliphalet Pearson, the Harvard Professor of Hebrew and Oriental Languages from 1786 until 1806. The copy is interleaved with blank pages and includes occasional annotations in the margins.

Annotated almanac, 1757

Almanac containing calendar pages with sporadic annotations of measurements, two annotations about the weather, and a sentence in Hebrew. The volume also contains a laid-in leaf that includes personal entries noting deaths in the community, the cancellation of Harvard's Commencement due to a drought and the presence of the French fleet at Louisbourg (July 13), the weights of the Winthrop family (January 1), and a note of Charlestown burials and baptisms for the year.

1794, Catalogus eorum qui in Universitate Harvardiana, Cantabrigiae, in republica Massachusettensi, ab anno MDCXLII, ad annum MDCCXCIV. Alicujus gradû laureâ donati sunt.

Modern hardcover binding around original handsewn paper binding. Missing title page and first page of text. Key to abbreviations titled "Explination" on flyleaf with abbreviations for Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Long Island, New York, Martha's Vineyard, New Jersey, Pensylvania [sic], Virginia, South Carolina, Georgia, West Indies, Great Britain, Episcopalian, and Baptist. Heavily annotated with residence locations. Asterisks added next to the names of alumni who died after the Catalogue's publication, generally in 1795. Also includes a tipped-in page at front of volume with the names of thirteen alumni of various classes from 1650 through 1756, in one hand, a note "Joseph Lovett was of Beverly, and a minister in a town of Connecticut the name of which I do not recollect. JW" in a different hand, and a final note "I believe there was a Lovett at Norwich" in the original hand.

Mr. Monis's daggishes, [ca. 1728]

A one-page handwritten estimate of the "number & shape of ye letters wth dauguesh" needed to print the Hebrew Grammar sent by Judah Monis to the Corporation and a list of Hebrew characters with the related number of type needed for the printing. The document is undated but likely written in 1728 following the Harvard Corporation's vote on June 24, 1728 that the Treasurer should collect "so many Hebrew Types & points" needed for a complete set.

Letter from Judah Monis to the Harvard Corporation, 1734 June 1

One-page handwritten letter from Judah Monis to the Corporation discussing the potential long-term losses associated with a plan to advance twenty-five percent of the cost of the Hebrew Grammar to the College.

Committee's report (fragment), 1734/5 March 14

A half-page handwritten report by a committee of the Corporation endorsing the Judah Monis's Hebrew Grammar following their revision of the work as recommended by a June 8, 1724 vote of the Board of Overseers. The document is signed by President Benjamin Wadsworth, Professor Edward Wigglesworth, Tutor Henry Flynt, and Rev. Nathaniel Appleton. The document is a fragment and some of the missing text transferred to the back of the Hebrew Grammar Account (HUG 1580.5 Box 1, Folder 8).

Overseers meeting at Boston, 1735 June 6

One-page handwritten notes from a June 5, 1735 Board of Overseer meeting, in President Wadsworth's hand, listing "hints" about the Corporation's actions towards the publication of the Hebrew Grammar.

Letter from Judah Monis to the Harvard Corporation, 1735 October 3

Two folio-sized leaves containing an October 3, 1735 letter from Judah Monis to the Harvard Corporation requesting an increased "reward" for the Hebrew Grammar and an increased salary. The document includes a financial outline of a "Scheme for 30 Years."

Letter from Judah Monis to the Harvard Corporation, 1729 March 24

A half-page handwritten letter from Judah Monis to the Harvard Corporation on one folio-sized leaf requesting that his service with the College be extended.

Mr. Monis's receipt, 1728 June 19

Slip of paper containing a receipt signed by Judah Monis to Treasurer Edward Hutchinson for "the charge in printing a specimen of the Hebrew Grammar."

About Mr. Monis's being taxed, 1731 December 21

Small slip of paper containing a handwritten statement signed by President Benjamin Wadsworth, Tutor Henry Flynt, Professor Edward Wigglesworth, and Tutor Nathan Prince declaring that Judah Monis as the Hebrew instructor should receive the tax exemptions granted to College officers and providing suggestions to claim the exemption.

Letter from Judah Monis to the Harvard Corporation, 1732 September 27

A half-page handwritten letter from Judah Monis to the Harvard Corporation on an octavo-sized leaf requesting a salary increase.