Transtornos depressivos em crianças com leucemia linfoide aguda e com insuficiência renal crônica terminal: estudo de série de casos

OBJETIVO: Investigar a presença de transtornos depressivos em crianças portadoras de leucemia linfoide aguda (LLA) e insuficiência renal crônica terminal (IRCT) atendidas no IMIP. MÉTODO: Estudo descritivo do tipo série de casos, composto por 52 crianças entre 8 e 15 anos portadoras de LLA e de IRCT. RESULTADOS: Três (5,8%) casos preenchiam os critérios para episódio depressivo maior (EDM), sendo dois portadores de IRCT e um portador de LLA. Oito (15,4%) preenchiam os critérios para transtorno distímico (TD), todos eles portadores de IRCT. A associação entre faixa etária e EDM não foi significativa (p=0,327). Entretanto, a faixa etária foi significante em relação ao TD (p=0,014), todos os seus portadores tinham entre 12 e 15 anos de idade. A associação entre os transtornos depressivos e o tempo de evolução da doença de base não foi significante. Contudo, observou-se uma tendência a quanto maior o tempo de evolução da doença de base, maior a associação com o TD. CONCLUSÃO: A frequência de EDM ficou dentro da faixa encontrada na literatura para escolares saudáveis, entretanto, a de TD foi mais alta. Não foram encontradas diferenças significantes entre as faixas etárias no diagnóstico de EDM. Porém, corroborando a literatura, a faixa etária maior prevaleceu em relação ao TD.

A linear algebra approach to OLAP

Inspired by the relational algebra of data processing, this paper addresses the foundations of data analytical processing from a linear algebra perspective. The paper investigates, in particular, how aggregation operations such as cross tabulations and data cubes essential to quantitative analysis of data can be expressed solely in terms of matrix multiplication, transposition and the Khatri–Rao variant of the Kronecker product. The approach offers a basis for deriving an algebraic theory of data consolidation, handling the quantitative as well as qualitative sides of data science in a natural, elegant and typed way. It also shows potential for parallel analytical processing, as the parallelization theory of such matrix operations is well acknowledged.

Refinement in hybridised institutions

Hybrid logics, which add to the modal description of transition structures the ability to refer to specific states, offer a generic framework to approach the specification and design of reconfigurable systems, i.e., systems with reconfiguration mechanisms governing the dynamic evolution of their execution configurations in response to both external stimuli or internal performance measures. A formal representation of such systems is through transition structures whose states correspond to the different configurations they may adopt. Therefore, each node is endowed with, for example, an algebra, or a first-order structure, to precisely characterise the semantics of the services provided in the corresponding configuration. This paper characterises equivalence and refinement for these sorts of models in a way which is independent of (or parametric on) whatever logic (propositional, equational, fuzzy, etc) is found appropriate to describe the local configurations. A Hennessy–Milner like theorem is proved for hybridised logics.

Green's relations, regularity and abundancy for semigroups of quasi-onto transformations

Let V be an infinite-dimensional vector space and for every infinite cardinal n such that n≤dimV, let AE(V,n) denote the semigroup of all linear transformations of V whose defect is less than n. In 2009, Mendes-Gonçalves and Sullivan studied the ideal structure of AE(V,n). Here, we consider a similarly-defined semigroup AE(X,q) of transformations defined on an infinite set X. Quite surprisingly, the results obtained for sets differ substantially from the results obtained in the linear setting.

Differential predictors of acute post-surgical pain intensity after abdominal hysterectomy and major joint arthroplasty

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Evolução dos níveis de colesterol na população adulta de São José do Rio Preto (1991-1997)

OBJETIVO: Realizar levantamento de fatores de risco para aterosclerose na população > ou = 20 anos de São José do Rio Preto, e comparar os dados obtidos com os coletados, em levantamento similar, em 1991. MÉDOTOS: Pesquisa quantitativa com amostragem estratificada por sexo e idade. Os entrevistados (646 indivíduos, 303 homens) foram abordados em Postos de Saúde e outros pontos de afluxo da população, distribuídos por zona geográfica e por classe social dos bairros. A margem de erro foi de 4%, e o intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95%. RESULTADOS: A) Níveis médios de HDL-colesterol (apenas em 1997): homens 43,7±15mg/dL, mulheres 49,6±13,5mg/dL (p<0,001, 95% IC 3,7 a 8,1); B) níveis médios de colesterol total em 1991 vs 1997: população global 192,5±48,9mg/dL vs 190,5±42,5mg/dL (p=NS); homens 187,6±53,3 vs 190,5±42,5mg/dL (p=NS); mulheres 196,8±40mg/dL vs 187,6±37,8mg/dL (p=0,008, 95% IC 2,4 a 15,9). C) Em análise de regressão, as variáveis que se correlacionaram significativamente com níveis de colesterol, em ambas as pesquisas, foram: idade (p<0,001), pressão arterial sistólica (p<0,001) e diastólica (p<0,001), dieta (p<0,001). Sexo feminino correlacionou-se apenas em 1991 (p=0,011) e sedentarismo apenas em 1997 (p=0,014). CONCLUSÃO: Os níveis de colesterol na população adulta de São José do Rio Preto são bastante aceitáveis, sendo que no sexo feminino diminuíram, de maneira significativa, na pesquisa atual, em relação à realizada em 1991.

Aortic stenosis. Gender influence on left ventricular geometry and function in patients under 70 years of age

OBJECTIVE: To verify if adaptive left ventricle (LV) characteristics are also present in individuals under 70 years of age with severe aortic stenosis (AS). METHODS: The study comprised 40 consecutive patients under 70 years of age with AS and no associated coronary artery disease, referred for valve surgery. Out of the 40 patients, 22 were men and 18 women, and the mean age was 49.8±14.3 years. Cardiac symptoms, presence of systemic hypertension (SH), functional class according to the New York Heart Association (NYHA), and valve lesion etiology were considered. LV cavity dimensions, ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening (FS), mass (MS), and relative diastolic thickness (RDT) were examined by Doppler echocardiography. RESULTS: Fourteen (63.6%) men and 11 (61.6%) women were classified as NYHA class III/IV (p=0.70). There was no difference in the frequency of angina, syncope or dyspnea between genders. The incidence of SH was greater in women than in men (10 versus 2, p=0.0044). Women had a smaller LV end-diastolic diameter index (32.1±6.5 x 36.5±5.3mm/m², p=0.027), LV end-systolic diameter index (19.9±5.9 x 26.5±6.4mm/m², p=0.0022) and LV mass index (MS) (211.4±71.1 x 270.9±74.9g/m², p=0.017) when compared with men. EF (66.2±13.4 x 52.0±14.6%, p=0.0032), FS (37.6±10.7 x 27.9±9.6%, p=0.0046) and RDT (0.58±0.22 x 0.44±0.09, p=0.0095) were significantly greater in women than in men. CONCLUSION: It is the patient gender rather than age that influences left ventricular adaptive response to AS.

Vascular disease modeling using induced pluripotent stem cells: Focus in Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome

Transparency document related to this article can be found online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.014

Maternal adjustment and maternal attitudes in adolescent and adult pregnant women

Study Objective: This study analyzes differences between adolescent and adult pregnant women and the contribution of maternal age to maternal adjustment and maternal attitudes during pregnancy. Design, Setting, and Participants: A sample of 398 Portuguese pregnant women (111 younger than 19 years) was recruited in a Portuguese Maternity Hospital and completed the Maternal Adjustment and Maternal Attitudes Questionnaire between the 24th and 36th weeks of gestation. Main Outcome Measures: Maternal Adjustment and Maternal Attitudes Questionnaire. Results: Adolescent pregnant women show lower maternal adjustment (poorer body image and worse marital relationship) and poorer maternal attitudes (more negative attitudes to sex) than adult pregnant women. When controlling for socio-demographics, age at pregnancy predicts poorer body image and more negative attitudes to sex, but not a worse marital relationship, more somatic symptoms or negative attitudes to pregnancy and the baby. A worse marital relationship was better predicted by living without the partner, and more somatic symptoms and negative attitudes to pregnancy and the baby was predicted by higher education. Conclusion: Adolescent pregnant women show lower maternal adjustment and poorer maternal attitudes than adult pregnant women according to socio-demographics and unfavorable developmental circumstances.

Acute Effects of Maternal Smoking on Fetal-Placental-Maternal System Hemodynamics

OBJECTIVE: To study acute hemodynamic alterations in the fetal-placental maternal system immediately after maternal exposure to nicotine. METHODS: This is a noncontrolled experimental study involving 21 pregnant smoking women, randomly selected, with uncomplicated pregnancies and without risk factors for fetal heart disease. Patients underwent ultrasound and fetal echocardiography before and after smoking a cigarette. They were asked to abstain from smoking for 12 hours before the study. The mean nicotine content of the cigarettes used in the study was 0.5mg of nicotine and 6mg of carbon monoxide. RESULTS: The average number of cigarettes smoked per a day prior to the study was 9.67. Gestational age ranged between 18 and 36 weeks. The mean maternal heart rate was elevated (P<0.001) as was the mean fetal heart rate (P=0.044). Maternal systolic blood pressure (P=0.004) and diastolic blood pressure (P=0.033) were also elevated after smoking. A decrease occurred in the systolic/diastolic ratio in the right uterine artery (P=0.014) and in the left uterine artery (P=0.039). The other hemodynamic variables remained unchanged. CONCLUSION: Cigarette smoking can cause changes in physiologic variables of fetal-placental circulation, but it does not change fetal cardiac function, in the dose of nicotine and its components used in this study. The decrease in systolic/diastolic ratio in the uterine arteries is probably related to a dose-dependent nicotine pattern.

Study of Coronary Sinus Flow Reserve Through Transesophageal Doppler Echocardiography in Normal Subjects

OBJECTIVE - To evaluate the Coronary Flow Reserve in the Coronary Sinus through transesophageal Doppler echocardiography in normal subjects. METHODS - We obtained technically adequate flow samples for analysis in 10 healthy volunteers (37±8 years, 5 men) with no history of heart or systemic disease and with mean left ventricular mass index by transthoracic echocardiography of 87±18 g/m². Coronary sinus flow velocity was recorded within the coronary sinus with the patient in a resting condition and during intravenous adenosine infusion at a dose of 140 µg/kg/min for 4 minutes. Recording of coronary sinus blood flow was possible in all cases with measurement of peak systolic, diastolic, and retrograde velocities (PSV, PDV, and PRV, cm/sec), mean systolic and diastolic velocities (MSV and MDV, cm/sec), and systolic and diastolic velocity time integral (VTI S and VTI D, cm/sec). RESULTS - The coronary flow reserve was calculated as the ratio between the blood flow in the basal state and the maximum measured hyperemic blood flow with adenosine infusion. Results are shown as mean and standard deviations. (CFR = PSV + PDV -- PRV/basal PSV): 1st min = 2.2±0.21; 2nd min = 3±0.3; 3rd min = 3.4±0.37; 4th min = 3.6 ± 0.33. CONCLUSION - Although coronary sinus flow had significantly increased in the first minute, higher velocities were seen at third and fourth minutes, indicating that these should be the best times to study coronary sinus flow with intravenous adenosine in continuous infusion.

Clinical significance of transient left ventricular dilation assessed during myocardial Tc-99m sestamibi scintigraphy

OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical significance of transient ischemic dilation of the left ventricle during myocardial perfusion scintigraphy with stress/rest sestamibi. METHODS: The study retrospectively analyzed 378 patients who underwent myocardial perfusion scintigraphy with stress/rest sestamibi, 340 of whom had a low probability of having ischemia and 38 had significant transient defects. Transient ischemic dilation was automatically calculated using Autoquant software. Sensitivity, specificity, and the positive and negative predictive values were established for each value of transient ischemic dilation. RESULTS: The values of transient ischemic dilation for the groups of low probability and significant transient defects were, respectively, 1.01 ± 0.13 and 1.18 ± 0.17. The values of transient ischemic dilation for the group with significant transient defects were significantly greater than those obtained for the group with a low probability (P<0.001). The greatest positive predictive values, around 50%, were obtained for the values of transient ischemic dilation above 1.25. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that transient ischemic dilation assessed using the stress/rest sestamibi protocol may be useful to separate patients with extensive myocardial ischemia from those without ischemia.

Estudo prospectivo e randomizado de pacientes tratados com e sem stents revestidos com carbeto de silício amorfo para a prevenção da reestenose coronariana. Avaliação ultra-sonográfica

OBJETIVO: A reestenose intra-stent é a maior limitação das intervenções coronárias percutâneas. O carbeto de silício amorfo (SiC-a), substância antitrombótica e antiinflamatória capaz de reduzir a deposição de fibrina, plaquetas e leucócitos sobre o stent, apresenta potencial de prevenir a hiperplasia neo-intimal e a reestenose. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo, randomizado e tipo rótulo aberto comparando pacientes com doença coronariana tratados com e sem stents revestidos com o SiC-a, utilizando a angiografia quantitativa e o ultra-som intracoronário. Foram incluídos 100 pacientes (50 em cada grupo) a fim de mensurar o volume de hiperplasia neo-intimal intra-stent/extremidades. Como os stents comparados apresentavam extensões diferentes, o volume de hiperplasia foi analisado em valores absolutos (por paciente) e relativos (por milímetro de extensão do stent). Avaliaram-se ainda os eventos cardíacos maiores e os resultados da angiografia quantitativa. RESULTADOS: Os grupos apresentaram características de base semelhantes. Todos os pacientes foram tratados com sucesso. No 6° mês de evolução foram reestudados 94% dos casos dos dois grupos, obtendo-se ultra-som em 92%. O volume de hiperplasia neo-intimal absoluto foi significativamente maior nos tratados com os stents revestidos (51.2 DP 18.8 mm³ vs 41.9 DP 16.4 mm³; p=0.014), porém o relativo foi semelhante (2.9 DP 1.0 mm³/mm stent vs 2.5 DP 0.9 mm³/mm stent; p=0.108). A obstrução volumétrica da luz também foi similar (36.4 DP 11.1% vs 37.9 DP 10.9%; p=0.505). O diâmetro mínimo da luz (1.9 DP 0.7 mm vs 1.8 DO 0.6 mm; p=0.552), a reestenose (19.1% vs 17%; p>0.999) e a revascularização do vaso-alvo (16% vs 14%; p>0.999) não diferiram. CONCLUSÃO: Os stents revestidos apresentaram resultados clínicos, angiográficos e ultra-sonográficos similares aos controles.

Valor prognóstico do índice do volume do átrio esquerdo em pacientes em hemodiálise

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o valor prognóstico do índice do volume do átrio esquerdo (IVAE) no curso clínico dos pacientes de hemodiálise (HD), comparando com parâmetros clínicos e ecocardiográficos previamente estabelecidos. MÉTODOS: Foram realizadas ecocardiografias em 118 pacientes de HD, que foram acompanhados por 19 ± 8 meses. O desfecho pesquisado foi composto de mortalidade geral e eventos cardiovasculares não-fatais. O valor prognóstico independente do IVAE foi testado pela análise multivariada de Cox. RESULTADOS: O IVAE e outros parâmetros clínicos e ecocardiográficos foram preditores do prognóstico na análise univariada. Na análise multivariada, o IVAE foi preditor independente do prognóstico (hazard ratio, 1,03 por ml/ m²; intervalo de confiança de 95%, 1,01 a 1,05; p=0,014) e adicionou informação incremental ao modelo contendo preditores tradicionais de risco cardiovascular, como massa ventricular esquerda, fração de ejeção e variáveis clínicas (p=0,02). CONCLUSÃO: O IVAE é preditor independente do prognóstico em pacientes de HD, provendo informação incremental aos dados clínicos e Doppler ecocardiográficos tradicionais.