Motor Vechicle Crash Fatalities for Week Ending, April 24, 2009

Motor Vehicle Crash Fatalities

Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program (TIPP-Lausanne): implementation of an early intervention programme for psychosis in Switzerland.

AIM: In a survey conducted in the Lausanne catchment area in 2000, we could estimate on the basis of file assessment that first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients had psychotic symptoms for more than 2 years before treatment and that 50% did not attend any outpatient appointment after discharge from hospital. In this paper, we describe the implementation of a specialized programme aimed at improving engagement and quality of treatment for early psychosis patients in the Lausanne catchment area in Switzerland. METHOD: The Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program-Lausanne is a comprehensive 3-year programme composed of (i) an outpatient clinic based on assertive case management; (ii) a specialized inpatient unit; and (iii) an intensive mobile team, connected for research to the Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience. RESULTS: Eight years after implementation, the programme has included 350 patients with a disengagement rate of 9% over 3 years of treatment. All patients have been assessed prospectively and 90 participated in neurobiological research. Based on this experience, the Health Department funded the implementation of similar programmes in other parts of the state, covering a total population of 540 000 people. CONCLUSION: Programmes for early intervention in psychosis have a major impact on patients' engagement into treatment. While development of mobile teams and assertive case management with specific training are crucial, they do not necessitate massive financial support to be started. Inclusion of a research component is important as well, in terms of service planning and improvement of both quality of care and impact of early intervention strategies.

Multiscale determinants of tree frog (Hyla arborea L.) calling ponds in western Switzerland

A tree frog (Hyla arborea L., 1758) metapopulation in western Switzerland was studied during spring 2001. All potential calling ponds in an area of 350 km(2) were searched for tree frog calling males. Twenty-nine out of 111 ponds sheltered between 1 and 250 callers. Most ponds were occupied by less than 12 males. Pond parameters were measured at three different levels using field analysis and a Geographical Information System (GIS). The first level was water chemistry and pond-associated measures. The second level was the surrounding land use in a 30 m buffer around the pond. The third level consisted of landscape indices on a broader scale (up to 2 km). Logistic regression was applied to identify parameters that can predict the presence of calling males in a pond. Response variable was the presence or absence of callers. Four significant parameters allowed us to explain about 40% of the total deviance of the observed occupational pattern. Urbanization around the pond had a highly negative impact on the probability of presence of calling males. Hours of direct sunlight on the pond was positively correlated with callers. Higher water conductivity was associated with a lesser probability of species presence. Finally, the further the closest two-lane road, the higher the probability of callers presence. Our results show that presence or absence of callers is influenced by factors acting at various geographical scales.

Extraits de manuscrits de COLBERT.

Contient : Colb. 1548 [lat. 3858 B] : collection de canons ; Colb. 1562 [lat. 4172] : formulaire de lettres pontificales, XIVe-XVe siècle ; Colb. 1701 [lat. 4863] : catalogue en vers des archevêques de Rouen ; Colb. 1713 [lat. 937] : formulaire de la chancellerie des papes d'Avignon ; Colb. 1995 [lat. 4667] : catalogue des rois goths ; Colb. 2052 [lat. 2259] : bulles et diplômes du XIIIe siècle ; Colb. 2089 [lat. 4241] : traité de Jean Schadlant sur les cardinaux ; Colb. 2104 [lat. 5990] : bulles en faveur des rois de France ; Colb. 2262. [lat. 5244] : martyrologe de l'église du Puy ; Colb. 2275 [lat. 9996] : registre de la sénéchaussée de Carcassonne ; Colb. 2446 [lat. 8567] : Etienne de Saint-Georges ; Colb. 2479 [lat. 1772] : « planctus in obitum Constantii Luxoviensis » ; Colb. 2509 [lat. 5294] : miracles de saint Mansuy ; Colb. 2546 [lat. 5373 A] : procès de canonisation de Philippe, archevêque de Bourges ; Colb. 2576 [lat. 1458] : « Gesta Romanorum pontificum » ; Colb. 2578 [lat. 4955] : catalogues épiscopaux ; Colb. 2607 [lat. 673] : extrait de Guibert de Nogent ; Colb. 2835 [lat. 4991 A] : Aimeri de Peyrat ; Colb. 2958 [lat. 5302] : lettre de Jésus-Christ tombée du ciel ; Colb. 3126 [lat. 5954] : traités entre les rois de France et d'Angleterre ; Colb. 3280 [lat. 1745] : « Herberti, De hereticis » ; Colb. 3352 [lat. 8121 A] : satire de Garnier de Rouen ; Colb. 3969 [lat. 6042] : catalogues épiscopaux de la province de Reims ; Colb. 4001 [lat. 7185] : « Arithmomachia » ; Colb. 4047 [lat. 3881] : recueil de canons ; Colb. 4064 [lat. 1682] : recueil de décrétales ; Colb. 4085 [lat. 2731 A] : lettre d'Alcuin ; Colb. 4305 et 4309 [lat. 4280 AA et 2240] : traité contre les hérétiques ; Colb. 4374 [lat. 4889] : chronique d'Ekkehard ; Colb. 4467 [lat. 4350] : lettres de Boniface VIII ; Colb. 4799 [lat. 3555] : recueil d'Exempla ; Colb. 4822 [lat. 8654] : formulaire de Boncompagni ; Colb. 4967 [fr. 5909] : pièces relatives au règne de Charles III ; Colb. 5016 [lat. 2498] : vie de sainte Hélène ; Colb. 5080 [lat. 11015] : chartes de Narbonne ; Colb. 5222 [lat. 2858] : pièces concernant la marche d'Espagne ; Notes écrites par François Bohier, évêque de Saint-Malo [1535-1569] sur les feuillets blancs d'un pontifical ; Chartes de Philippe-Auguste pour Baudouin, comte de Flandre, 1195 et 1200 [Delisle, nos 447 et 579], d'après les originaux ; Bulle de Jean XXII, 7 juillet 1316, relative à la division du diocèse de Toulouse ; Fragment de synode sénonais de la fin du Xe siècle, d'après l'original ; Lettre d'Alcuin, feuillet mutilé d'un ms. du IXe siècle, avec transcription (cf. Bibl. de l'Ecole des chartes, t. XLII, p. 8-10)

Experimental conversion of colony social organization in fire ants (Solenopsis invicta): worker genotype manipulation in absence of queen effects

Colony social organization in the fire ant Solenopsis invicta appears to be under strong genetic control. In the invasive USA range, polygyny (multiple queens per colony) is marked by the presence of the Gp-9(b) allele in most of a colony's workers, whereas monogyny (single queen per colony) is associated with the exclusive occurrence of the Gp-9(B) allele. Ross and Keller, Behav Ecol Sociobiol 51:287-295 (2002) experimentally manipulated social organization by cross-fostering queens into colonies of the alternate form, thereby changing adult worker Gp-9 genotype frequencies over time. Although these authors showed that social behavior switched predictably when the frequency of b-bearing adult workers crossed a threshold of 5-10%, the possibility that queen effects caused the conversions could not be excluded entirely. We addressed this problem by fostering polygyne brood into queenright monogyne colonies. All such treatment colonies switched social organization to become polygyne, coincident with their proportions of b-bearing workers exceeding 12%. Our results support the conclusion that polygyny in S. invicta is induced by a minimum frequency of colony workers carrying the b allele, and further confirm that its expression is independent of queen genotype or history, worker genotypes at genes not linked to Gp-9, and colony genetic diversity.

Comportamento de diferentes fontes de silício no solo e na cultura do tomateiro

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a ação do xisto, de duas escórias e de um termofosfato sobre a disponibilidade do Si no Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo sob plasticultura com o tomateiro. Dois experimentos foram instalados em blocos casualizados com os seguintes tratamentos: testemunha, 6 t ha-1 de xisto, 6 t ha-1 de escória da Mannesman, 6 t ha-1 de escória da Dedini e 2,5 t ha-1 de termofosfato. As concentrações de Si (SiO2 total) nestes produtos foram: 530, 350, 273, 185 g kg-1, respectivamente, para o xisto, escória da Mannesman, Dedini e termofosfato. Os resultados indicaram que a escória da Mannesman foi o tratamento que apresentou maiores teores de Si no solo, extraídos com oxalato de amônio, e o xisto o tratamento com o menor teor. Todavia, avaliando a relação entre a quantidade de Si aplicada sobre o aumento de Si no solo, verifica-se que o termofosfato foi o tratamento que mais elevou o teor deste elemento. Os produtos aplicados forneceram Si para o tomateiro, mas não foram suficientes para aumentar a produtividade. Observou-se boa correlação entre os teores de Si na planta em relação ao Si extraído do solo com oxalato de amônio.

[Phot. d'une pierre tumulaire à Brignoles (Var), don Octave Teissier en 1892]

Donateur : Teissier, Octave (1825-1904)

Clonal deletion of V beta 14-bearing T cells in mice transgenic for mammary tumour virus.

Autoreactive T lymphocytes are clonally deleted during maturation in the thymus. Deletion of T cells expressing particular receptor V beta elements is controlled by poorly defined autosomal dominant genes. A gene has now been identified by expression of transgenes in mice which causes deletion of V beta 14+ T cells. The gene lies in the open reading frame of the long terminal repeat of the mouse mammary tumour virus.

CD4(+) T cell count decreases by ethnicity among untreated patients with HIV infection in South Africa and Switzerland.

BACKGROUND: Estimates of the decrease in CD4(+) cell counts in untreated patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are important for patient care and public health. We analyzed CD4(+) cell count decreases in the Cape Town AIDS Cohort and the Swiss HIV Cohort Study. METHODS: We used mixed-effects models and joint models that allowed for the correlation between CD4(+) cell count decreases and survival and stratified analyses by the initial cell count (50-199, 200-349, 350-499, and 500-750 cells/microL). Results are presented as the mean decrease in CD4(+) cell count with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) during the first year after the initial CD4(+) cell count. RESULTS: A total of 784 South African (629 nonwhite) and 2030 Swiss (218 nonwhite) patients with HIV infection contributed 13,388 CD4(+) cell counts. Decreases in CD4(+) cell count were steeper in white patients, patients with higher initial CD4(+) cell counts, and older patients. Decreases ranged from a mean of 38 cells/microL (95% CI, 24-54 cells/microL) in nonwhite patients from the Swiss HIV Cohort Study 15-39 years of age with an initial CD4(+) cell count of 200-349 cells/microL to a mean of 210 cells/microL (95% CI, 143-268 cells/microL) in white patients in the Cape Town AIDS Cohort > or =40 years of age with an initial CD4(+) cell count of 500-750 cells/microL. CONCLUSIONS: Among both patients from Switzerland and patients from South Africa, CD4(+) cell count decreases were greater in white patients with HIV infection than they were in nonwhite patients with HIV infection.

Solos do topo da Serra São José (Minas Gerais) e suas relações com o paleoclima no Sudeste do Brasil

A diversidade de ecossistemas do sudeste do Brasil nem sempre pode ser relacionada com fatores edáficos, geomorfológicos ou hidrológicos. Topos de elevações, onde os solos são caracterizados pela unicidade de material de origem, podem constituir ambiente especial para estudos de gênese de solos e datações de eventos cíclicos relacionados com a dinâmica do clima regional. Depois de um levantamento detalhado de solos no topo da Serra São José (Prados - Minas Gerais), dois perfis de solo (P1 e P2), originados de metarenitos da Formação Tiradentes e caracterizados por deposições sucessivas de camadas arenosas alternadas com camadas arenosas enriquecidas com matéria orgânica, foram estudados, com intuito de encontrar testemunhos de paleoambientes. O pequeno platô localiza-se a 1.350 m acima do nível de mar e 350 m acima do nível topográfico regional dominante. No P1, foram identificadas trinta e três camadas enriquecidas com matéria orgânica, alternadas com camadas de areia. Três camadas no P1 (20-30, 70-80 e 100-110 cm), com conteúdo de C orgânico respectivamente de 0.5, 7 e 1 dag kg-1, apresentam idades radiocarbônicas < 40, 180 ± 60 e 350 ± 80 anos AP, respectivamente, e taxas de deposição de 0,177 cm ano-1 entre 110 e 70 cm e de 0,357 cm ano-1 entre 70 e 20 cm de profundidade. No P2, as camadas enriquecidas com matéria orgânica são mais espessas (entre 10 e 130 mm) e apresentam descontinuidades abruptas. Situam-se entre 20-30, 80-90, 110-120 e 170-180 cm de profundidade, têm um conteúdo de C orgânico de 3, 2.5, 21 e 1.5 dag kg-1 e idade radiocarbônica de 3580 ± 80, 3750 ± 80, 21210 ± 180 e 24060 ± 130 anos AP, respectivamente. Suas taxas de deposição são de 0,352 cm ano-1, entre 20 e 80 cm; de 0,002 cm ano-1, entre 80 e 110 cm, e de 0,021 cm ano-1, entre 110 e 170 cm de profundidade. Nos dois perfis, a relação C/N aumenta com a profundidade e com a idade das camadas. Os teores de Ti e Zr, elementos de baixa mobilidade, são mais elevados nas camadas mais antigas dos perfis, enquanto o Cu e o Pb concentram-se nas camadas mais ricas em matéria orgânica. Um fragmento de planta de 5 cm de diâmetro e 62 cm de comprimento, situado na base de P2, foi datado de 32220 ± 290 anos AP e relacionado com o início da gênese deste perfil. Os solos do topo da Serra São José são formados a partir de metarenitos da Formação Tiradentes, sem aporte de materiais de outra litologia. A água pluvial é o principal fator que adiciona energia a este ambiente, relacionando os atributos dos solos com o clima. P1 é um solo holocênico (Neossolo Flúvico Psamítico típico), formado a partir de deposições episódicas de areia, alternadas com material enriquecido com matéria orgânica. A formação de P2 (Paleossolo) iniciou-se no Pleistoceno, prolongou-se até o Holoceno e a morfologia de suas camadas enterradas de turfa relaciona-se com a oscilação do espelho d'água de uma lagoa, decorrente de fases mais secas e mais úmidas do clima. As idades radiocarbônicas encontradas estão relacionadas com alternâncias climáticas pleistocênicas e holocênicas em P2 e holocênicas em P1. O perfil P2 está situado em um local propício para realização de estudos palinológicos, com intuito de identificar ecótipos que ocuparam a área a partir do Pleistoceno tardio, relacionando-os com os paleoclimas.